1,072 research outputs found
Loopholes in Bell Inequality Tests of Local Realism
Bell inequalities are intended to show that local realist theories cannot
describe the world. A local realist theory is one where physical properties are
defined prior to and independent of measurement, and no physical influence can
propagate faster than the speed of light. Quantum-mechanical predictions for
certain experiments violate the Bell inequality while a local realist theory
cannot, and this shows that a local realist theory cannot give those
quantum-mechanical predictions. However, because of unexpected circumstances or
"loopholes" in available experiment tests, local realist theories can reproduce
the data from these experiments. This paper reviews such loopholes, what effect
they have on Bell inequality tests, and how to avoid them in experiment.
Avoiding all these simultaneously in one experiment, usually called a
"loophole-free" or "definitive" Bell test, remains an open task, but is very
important for technological tasks such as device-independent security of
quantum cryptography, and ultimately for our understanding of the world.Comment: 42 pages, 2 figure
Quantum Cryptography Beyond Quantum Key Distribution
Quantum cryptography is the art and science of exploiting quantum mechanical
effects in order to perform cryptographic tasks. While the most well-known
example of this discipline is quantum key distribution (QKD), there exist many
other applications such as quantum money, randomness generation, secure two-
and multi-party computation and delegated quantum computation. Quantum
cryptography also studies the limitations and challenges resulting from quantum
adversaries---including the impossibility of quantum bit commitment, the
difficulty of quantum rewinding and the definition of quantum security models
for classical primitives. In this review article, aimed primarily at
cryptographers unfamiliar with the quantum world, we survey the area of
theoretical quantum cryptography, with an emphasis on the constructions and
limitations beyond the realm of QKD.Comment: 45 pages, over 245 reference
Orthologic with Axioms
We study the proof theory and algorithms for orthologic, a logical system
based on ortholattices, which have shown practical relevance in simplification
and normalization of verification conditions. Ortholattices weaken Boolean
algebras while having polynomial-time equivalence checking that is sound with
respect to Boolean algebra semantics. We generalize ortholattice reasoning and
obtain an algorithm for proving a larger class of classically valid formulas.
As the key result, we analyze a proof system for orthologic augmented with
axioms. An important feature of the system is that it limits the number of
formulas in a sequent to at most two, which makes the extension with axioms
non-trivial. We show a generalized form of cut elimination for this system,
which implies a sub-formula property. From there we derive a cubic-time
algorithm for provability from axioms, or equivalently, for validity in
finitely presented ortholattices. We further show that propositional resolution
of width 5 proves all formulas provable in orthologic with axioms. We show that
orthologic system subsumes resolution of width 2 and arbitrarily wide unit
resolution and is complete for reasoning about generalizations of propositional
Horn clauses.
Moving beyond ground axioms, we introduce effectively propositional
orthologic, presenting its semantics as well as a sound and complete proof
system. Our proof system implies the decidability of effectively propositional
orthologic, as well as its fixed-parameter tractability for a bounded maximal
number of variables in each axiom. As a special case, we obtain a
generalization of Datalog with negation and disjunction
Second Workshop on Modelling of Objects, Components and Agents
This report contains the proceedings of the workshop Modelling of Objects, Components, and Agents (MOCA'02), August 26-27, 2002.The workshop is organized by the 'Coloured Petri Net' Group at the University of Aarhus, Denmark and the 'Theoretical Foundations of Computer Science' Group at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The homepage of the workshop is: http://www.daimi.au.dk/CPnets/workshop02
The Quantum PCP Conjecture
The classical PCP theorem is arguably the most important achievement of
classical complexity theory in the past quarter century. In recent years,
researchers in quantum computational complexity have tried to identify
approaches and develop tools that address the question: does a quantum version
of the PCP theorem hold? The story of this study starts with classical
complexity and takes unexpected turns providing fascinating vistas on the
foundations of quantum mechanics, the global nature of entanglement and its
topological properties, quantum error correction, information theory, and much
more; it raises questions that touch upon some of the most fundamental issues
at the heart of our understanding of quantum mechanics. At this point, the jury
is still out as to whether or not such a theorem holds. This survey aims to
provide a snapshot of the status in this ongoing story, tailored to a general
theory-of-CS audience.Comment: 45 pages, 4 figures, an enhanced version of the SIGACT guest column
from Volume 44 Issue 2, June 201
Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2022, which was held during April 2-7, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 46 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 159 submissions. The proceedings also contain 16 tool papers of the affiliated competition SV-Comp and 1 paper consisting of the competition report. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in rigorously based tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference aims to bridge the gaps between different communities with this common interest and to support them in their quest to improve the utility, reliability, exibility, and efficiency of tools and algorithms for building computer-controlled systems
Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS) color displays software description: MicroVAX system
This document describes the software created for the Display MicroVAX computer used for the Advanced Transport Operating Systems (ATOPS) project on the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV). The software delivery of February 27, 1991, known as the 'baseline display system', is the one described in this document. Throughout this publication, module descriptions are presented in a standardized format which contains module purpose, calling sequence, detailed description, and global references. The global references section includes subroutines, functions, and common variables referenced by a particular module. The system described supports the Research Flight Deck (RFD) of the TSRV. The RFD contains eight Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) which depict a Primary Flight Display, Navigation Display, System Warning Display, Takeoff Performance Monitoring System Display, and Engine Display
Advanced Transport Operating System (ATOPS) color displays software description microprocessor system
This document describes the software created for the Sperry Microprocessor Color Display System used for the Advanced Transport Operating Systems (ATOPS) project on the Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV). The software delivery known as the 'baseline display system', is the one described in this document. Throughout this publication, module descriptions are presented in a standardized format which contains module purpose, calling sequence, detailed description, and global references. The global reference section includes procedures and common variables referenced by a particular module. The system described supports the Research Flight Deck (RFD) of the TSRV. The RFD contains eight cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which depict a Primary Flight Display, Navigation Display, System Warning Display, Takeoff Performance Monitoring System Display, and Engine Display
- …