The Effects of Structural Adjustment on Youth Unemployment in Egypt

The persistence of high unemployment rates in recent years has become a major problem in many MENA countries, especially in Egypt. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of economic reforms in Egypt on youth unemployment. The paper investigates the extent to which reforms in the early 1990s have led to higher unemployment among the youth in Egypt. The paper presents new evidence on the incidence of youth unemployment before and after the structural adjustment period, in 1988 and 1998. In addition, it examines the determinants of unemployment duration and the probability of exiting unemployment by estimating hazard functions for exits to public sector and private sector employment. The main findings of the paper show that the incidence of youth unemployment has increased during the 1990s. In addition, the empirical evidence suggests that youth unemployment is the result of not only queuing for public sector jobs, but also and more importantly the limited role played by the private sector in job creation and labor absorption

Trafficking in Women, Forced Labour and Domestic Work: in the context of the Middle East and Gulf Region

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.ASI_2006_DWS_Egypt_Trafficking_in_Women.pdf: 43 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Caught between the ideology and realities of development: Transiting from the Horn of Africa to Europe

While the teloi of development seeks to explicitly link an ideology of ‘market fundamentalism’to one of ‘rights-based development’, the reality of life for many in developing societies is characterized by growing inequality and despotic rule. In such situations many people leave in search of a better life or protection from persecution. This paper examines the hemorrhaging of people from Ethiopia and Eritrea and the obstacles they encounter as they cross international borders. It also examines the long term consequences which this population movement has for development in the Horn where, in the face of declining official aid flows, remittances from the Diaspora are likely to become increasingly important

HAVE ECONOMIC REFORMS PAID-OFF? GENDER OCCUPATIONAL INEQUALITY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM IN EGYPT

This study considers the impact of over a decade of structural adjustment policies in Egypt on gender wage and occupational inequality. Using newly released Labor Force Sample Surveys (LFSS) for the years 2000-2004, a slight drop in public sector employment and a comparable increase in private sector employment for women is observed. Regardless of sector of employment, women still earn less than men, with private sector workers being the worst. Wage discrimination in the private sector in favor of men is evident at three groups of occupations: white collars, blue collars and professionals. Results also indicate occupational segregation and crowding of women in specific job types is a more serious issue in pay differences for blue collars in recent years, while pure discrimination is dictating wage differentials for professionals and white collars. Elements of productivity in terms of human capital endowments are not directly responsible for wage inequality in the private sector. Despite having less education, men receive higher wages for their comparative advantage in years of experience. Contrary to years of education, experience, as a factor endowment and a proxy for productivity, is highly valued and compensated for in favor of men

Islamism, Re-Islamisation and the Fashioning of Muslim Selves: Refiguring the Public Sphere

This article explores the political implications of Muslim public self-presentation and forms of self-fashioning associated with the ongoing processes of re-Islamisation in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority societies. It sketches how projects of the Muslim public self contribute to a refiguring of the public sphere. The argument put forward is that public practices of self-reform grounded in religion and presented in pietistic terms are political by virtue of being tied to projects of societal reform and because they have a bearing on the public sphere and public space. Proceeding from the premise that the public sphere is not neutral and that the subjectivities inhabiting it are shaped by power relations, the article examines the ways in which projects of Muslim public selves are imbricated in the material conditions of the settings in which they develop and as such are underpinned by dynamics of power and contestation

The impact on the Netherlands of the Egyptian greenhouse vegetable chain

This report forms part of a broader analysis of the competitiveness of Dutch tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers on the European market. It describes elements of Porter's competitiveness analysis for the Egyptian horticultural sector. Within this framework, it presents an analysis of the domestic demand, the supply, the structure and strategy of firms, the network and the Egyptian government. It concludes with a SWOT analysis.Crop Production/Industries,