Proposition of a Novel Multipath-Routing Protocol for Manets Connected Via Positioning of UAVS Using Ant Colony Optimization Meta-Algorithms

In the forthcoming operational theatre, combat radio nodes will be strategically positioned to facilitate a myriad of manoeuvres, constituting a dynamic mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), where communication among participating nodes is achieved collaboratively without fixed base stations. However, due to the nodes' mobility, the cohesive formation may fragment into smaller clusters, while conversely, multiple smaller groups might amalgamate into larger entities. In such a dynamic milieu, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) emerges as a potent solution to enhance network coverage and connectivity among disparate groups. Sending of information all over the MANETs is dependent mostly on methodologies of routing, where the on-request unitary paths procedures to route like AODV and AOMDV (which stands for routing via multiple roads) play crucial roles. Leveraging authentic topographic data becomes imperative to ascertain precise connectivity metrics among nodes, while devising an efficient resource allocation strategy for reliable communication via UAVs warrants attention. Given the predominance of line-of-sight links between UAVs and ground nodes, substantial traffic is anticipated despite less amount of information sectional resources. Furthermore, diverse quality-of-service requirements of network traffic necessitate prioritization based on tactical imperatives. In these studies, formulations have been done for Unmanned Flying Vehicle localizing problems geared towards maximal connectivity inside groups along with information section allocating problems aimed at increasing utilities of GC to maximum levels, demonstrating superiority over conventional methodologies through numerical analysis validating the efficacy of our proposed scheme. Wireless connections implemented rapid growths in recent times essentially network of MANET, showcasing significant developments of science and technology

A Survey on Multihop Ad Hoc Networks for Disaster Response Scenarios

Disastrous events are one of the most challenging applications of multihop ad hoc networks due to possible damages of existing telecommunication infrastructure.The deployed cellular communication infrastructure might be partially or completely destroyed after a natural disaster. Multihop ad hoc communication is an interesting alternative to deal with the lack of communications in disaster scenarios. They have evolved since their origin, leading to differentad hoc paradigms such as MANETs, VANETs, DTNs, or WSNs.This paper presents a survey on multihop ad hoc network paradigms for disaster scenarios.It highlights their applicability to important tasks in disaster relief operations. More specifically, the paper reviews the main work found in the literature, which employed ad hoc networks in disaster scenarios.In addition, it discusses the open challenges and the future research directions for each different ad hoc paradigm

Quality-of-information aware transmission policies with time-varying links

Abstract—We consider Quality-of-Information (QoI) aware transmission policies in the presence of time-varying links in a mobile ad hoc network. QoI, tailored for military tactical networks, is defined by a set of attributes relevant to the application. Time-varying nature of links in practical networks leads to uncertainty in evaluating QoI utility to be delivered to end users. This delivered-QoI utility is a function of both attributes provided by the source input, as a result of observing certain events, and the channel induced attributes that impact the QoI obtained at the destination. The goal of this paper is to attain the maximum QoI output utility, termed as Operational Information Content Capacity (OICC) of a network. First, for a single link, we demonstrate that the optimal decision structure for transmission is threshold-based. Next, we consider multihop relay networks. For the basic model of a two-hop relay network, we propose transmission scheduling and link activation schemes based on approximate dynamic programming methods. Furthermore, we exploit time-variations of links by opportunistic scheduling by employing buffers at the relay node. We demonstrate that significant gains in QoI output utility are gained by opportunistic scheduling algorithms. I

Cost design for opportunistic multi-hop routing in Cognitive Radio networks

Abstract-Cognitive Radio (CR) is a revolutionary tech-nology with promising applications in military areas since it enables CR users in the field to dynamically access to the vacant licensed frequency bands if no primary users are present. In practice, multi-hop routing in CR networks presents a great challenge due to unreliable traditional links and time varying unlicensed CR links. To improve the performance of multi-hop routing, opportunistic routing (OR) has been proposed and investigated extensively. Instead of using a single next hop, OR forwards a packet to an ordered set of candidate nodes and one node is chosen to relay the packet towards the destination. Most OR protocols prioritize the candidates and make the selection based on the cost defined as expected transmission times (ETX). Actually, ETX, as well as other existing criteria, does not always lead to the best forwarder choice for OR in CR networks since it ignores numerous potential CR links. In this paper, we propose a novel cost criterion for oppor-tunistic multi-hop routing in CR networks, which leverages the unlicensed CR links to prioritize the candidate nodes and optimally selecting the forwarder. Simulation results show that our design efficiently decreases the number of transmissions, and etTectively increases the throughput for most node pairs when compared with OR and traditional single-path routing. I

A Survey of Medium Access Mechanisms for Providing QoS in Ad-Hoc Networks

n/

Survey on diversity-based routing in wireless mesh networks: Challenges and solutions

Wireless multi-hop networks often experience severe performance degradations when legacy routing algorithms are employed, because they are not optimized to take advantage of the peculiarities of wire- less links. Indeed, the wireless channel is intrinsically a broadcast medium, making a point-to-point link abstraction not suitable. Furthermore, channel conditions may significantly differ both in time and space, making routing over predetermined paths inadequate to adapt the forwarding process to the channel var- iability. Motivated by these limitations, the research community has started to explore novel routing par- adigms and design principles dealing with the wireless diversity as an opportunity rather than a shortcoming. Within this large body of research, opportunistic routing and network coding are emerging as two of the most promising approaches to exploit the intrinsic characteristics of multi-hop wireless net- works, such as multi-user diversity. The aim of this survey is to examine how opportunistic forwarding and network coding can achieve performance gains by performing hop-by-hop route construction and by encoding data packets at intermediate nodes. To this end, we present a taxonomy of existing solutions, and we describe their most representative features, benefits and design challenges. We also discuss open issues in this research area, with a special attention to the ones most related to wireless mesh networks

Cognitive-Empowered Femtocells: An Intelligent Paradigm of a Robust and Efficient Media Access

Driven by both the need for ubiquitous wireless services and the stringent strain on radio spectrum faced in today's wireless communications, cognitive radio (CR) have been investigated as a promising solution to deploy Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRANs) for an efficient spectrum utilization. Communication devices with CR capabilities are able to access spectrum bands licensed for other wireless services in an opportunistic and secondary fashion, while preventing harmful interference to incumbent licensed services. However, a lesson learned from early experiences in developing such macro-cellular networks is that it becomes increasingly less economically viable to develop CR macrocellular infrastructures for increasing data rates in both line-of-sight as well as non-line-of-sight situation of WRAN, and the corresponding quality of service (QoS) in macrocellular networks is also noticeably degraded due to path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading due to wall penetration. Moreover, there are several challenges to make the real-world CR enabling dynamic spectrum access a difficult problem to implement without harmful interference. First, the hardware design of cognitive radio on the physical layer involves the tuning over a broad range of spectrum to detect a weak signal in a dynamic environment of fading channels, which in turn makes identification of the spectrum opportunities hard to achieve in an efficient and accurate manner. Second, opportunistic media access based on imperfect spectrum usage information obtain from physical layer brings up undesirable interference issue, as well as reliability issues introduced by mutual interference. Third, the curial issue is to determine which channels to use for data transmissions in presence of the dynamic and opportunistic nature of wireless environments, in the case where pre-defined dedicated control channel is not available in the complex and heterogenous networks. In this dissertation, a novel framework called Cognitive-Empowered Femtocell (CEF), which combines CR techniques with femtocell networking, is introduced to tackle these challenges and achieve better spectrum reuse, lower interference, easy integration, wider network coverage, as well as fast and cost effective early stage WRAN. In this framework, a sensing coordination scheme is proposed to gracefully unshackles the master/slave relationship between central controllers and end users, while maintaining order and coordination such that better sensing precision and efficiency can be achieved. As such, the network intelligence can be expanded from controlling the intelligence paradigm to better understand the satisfy wireless user needs. We also discuss design and deployment aspects such as sensing with reasoning approach, gossip-enabled stochastic media access without a dedicated control channel, all of which are important to the success of the CEF framework. We illustrate that such a framework allows wireless users to intelligently capture spectrum opportunities while mitigating interference to other users, as well as improving the network capacity. Performance analysis and simulations were conducted based on these techniques to provide insight on the future direction of interference suppression for dynamic spectrum access