Replication in Mobile Ad-hoc Network using Hopfield Network

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a network comprises of mobile nodes connected without any centralized administration. Each node in the network has the ability to share a large number of objects with other nodes. The nodes are connected with other nodes to forward a message to other nodes until the search for node that desire meets. This paper represents a new replication method to recover the performance in distributed system. Objects are replicated on different nodes in the network to minimize the search for an object. It is observed that mobility of nodes predicted using SOM (Self Organizing Maps) technique provides less accuracy. This paper represents an algorithm that uses the network parameters as input condition to replicate objects into the nodes. The decision for each node will be taken by gathering the input conditions and feed to the Hopfield Neural Network. It is view that it will provide more accuracy and improve the performance

Study of Load Balanced Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, such devices as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops etc. that are connected over a wireless medium. There is no pre-existing communication infrastructure (no access points, no base stations) and the nodes can freely move and self-organize into a network topology. Such a network can contain two or more nodes. Hence, balancing the load in a MANET is important because The nodes in MANET have limited communication resources such as bandwidth, buffer space, battery power. This paper discusses various load metric and various load balancing routing protocols for efficient data transmission in MANETs. Keywords: Load Balancing, Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Routing

A Study of Congestion Aware Adaptive Routing Protocols in MANET

Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been explored extensively in last few years. Much of this work is targeted at finding a feasible route from a source to a destination without considering current network traffic or application requirements. Routing may let a congestion happen which is detected by congestion control, but dealing with congestion in reactive manner results in longer delay, and unnecessary packet loss and requires significant overhead if a new route is needed. Routing should not be aware of, but also be adaptive to, network congestion. Adaptation to the congestion helps to increase both the effectiveness and efficiency of routing. These problems are solved by the congestion-aware routing protocols in certain degree. These protocols which are adaptive to congestion status of mobile ad-hoc network can greatly improve the network performance. In this paper, we present the survey of congestion adaptive routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc network. Finally, the future direction of congestion-aware routing protocols is described. Keywords: Ad hoc networks, congestion aware routing, Congestion metric, congestion adaptabilit

A survey of routing protocols for energy constrained ad hoc wireless networks

In this survey we review energy-aware routing protocols for wireless multihop ad hoc networks and critically discuss the main results in this area. The classification presented is in no case unique but summarizes the chief characteristics of the many published proposals for energy conservation. A common pitfall detected in most of the studies is the lack of unambiguous notion of network's lifetime and hence of clear objective of the designed algorithm. We, therefore, define first what operational lifetime for ad hoc networks means and then analyze the achievements from that angle. After getting insight into the different energy-aware routing protocols we point out another approach for extending network's operational lifespan, which has been overlooked in the relevant literature.Peer Reviewe

无线Mesh网络网关负载均衡研究综述

无线MESH网络是无线局域网和移动自组织网络相结合的产物,作为一种能够提供高带宽网络接入服务的全新架构的网络,无线MESH网络目前越来越多的得到人们的重视。本文对近年来MESH网络网关节点负载均衡的研究方向进行了归纳总结,并提出了自己的设想和方向

A Survey of Clustering In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

ABSTRACT: An ad-hoc network is used to establish a connection wirelessly in a network without any routers or access points. When there is a large network, the complexity to gather the routing information increases. In such a case, the clustering techniques are much useful in reducing the complexity. This paper discusses the use of clustering and its techniques in mobile ad-hoc networks

Early congestion detection and adaptive routing in MANET

AbstractAd hoc mobile networks are composed of mobile nodes communicating through wireless medium, without any fixed backbone infrastructure. In these networks, congestion occurs in any intermediate node when data packets travel from source to destination and they incur high packet loss and long delay, which cause the performance degradations of a network. This paper proposes an early congestion detection and adaptive routing in MANET called as EDAPR. Initially EDAPR constructs a NHN (non-congested neighbors) neighbors list and finds a route to a destination through an NHN node. All the primary path nodes periodically calculate its queue_status at node level. While using early congestion detection technique, node detects congestion that is likely to happen and sends warning message to NHN nodes. The ancestor NHN node is aware of this situation and finds an alternate path to a destination immediately by applying adaptive path mechanism. Thus, EDAPR improves performance in terms of reducing delay, routing overhead and increases packet delivery ratio without incurring any significant additional cost. The performance of EDAPR was compared with EDAODV and EDCSCAODV using the Ns-2 simulator. The result reveals significant improvement over EDAODV and EDCSCAODV routing schemes

H.264/AVC REAL-TIME VIDEO STREAMING IN MANETS

This paper presents an approach for deriving the streaming of multimedia based data such as video, audio. Packet loss and high delay in MANETs is because of high mobility, limited bandwidth, and congestion. The routing protocols have failed in reducing packet loss and delay while streaming multimedia data at the network layer. All the routing protocols may detect congestion after congestion has happened in the networks. This type of mechanism results in longer End-to-end delay and high packet loss. Especially, video streaming is one of the most successful services demanded by the customers. In video streaming transmission congestion is more probable. Here we present a solution for enhanced video transmission that increases route stability by using an improved route discovery process based on the AOMDV routing protocol, along with congestion control method. We also present a tuning methodology for an H.264/AVC video codec in order to obtain optimal interaction with the underlying mechanisms proposed. The simulation results show that our approach will reduce the packet loss rate and end-to-end delay while reducing protocol routing overhead

A Local Decision Algorithm for Maximum Lifetime in Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile hosts of ad-hoc networks operate on battery, hence optimization of system lifetime, intended as maximization of the time until the first host drains-out its battery, is an important issue. Some routing algorithms have already been proposed, that require the knowledge of the future behavior of the system, and/or complex routing information. We propose a novel routing algorithm that allows each host to locally select the next routing hop, having only immediate neighbor information, to optimize the system lifetime. Simulation results of runs performed in different scenarios are finally shown