41,001 research outputs found
Multiple Projection Optical Diffusion Tomography with Plane Wave Illumination
We describe a new data collection scheme for optical diffusion tomography in
which plane wave illumination is combined with multiple projections in the slab
imaging geometry. Multiple projection measurements are performed by rotating
the slab around the sample. The advantage of the proposed method is that the
measured data can be much more easily fitted into the dynamic range of most
commonly used detectors. At the same time, multiple projections improve image
quality by mutually interchanging the depth and transverse directions, and the
scanned (detection) and integrated (illumination) surfaces. Inversion methods
are derived for image reconstructions with extremely large data sets. Numerical
simulations are performed for fixed and rotated slabs
New program with new approach for spectral data analysis
This article presents a high-throughput computer program, called EasyDD, for
batch processing, analyzing and visualizing of spectral data; particularly
those related to the new generation of synchrotron detectors and X-ray powder
diffraction applications. This computing tool is designed for the treatment of
large volumes of data in reasonable time with affordable computational
resources. A case study in which this program was used to process and analyze
powder diffraction data obtained from the ESRF synchrotron on an alumina-based
nickel nanoparticle catalysis system is also presented for demonstration. The
development of this computing tool, with the associated protocols, is inspired
by a novel approach in spectral data analysis.Comment: 20 pages and 4 figure
Motion compensated micro-CT reconstruction for in-situ analysis of dynamic processes
This work presents a framework to exploit the synergy between Digital Volume Correlation ( DVC) and iterative CT reconstruction to enhance the quality of high-resolution dynamic X-ray CT (4D-mu CT) and obtain quantitative results from the acquired dataset in the form of 3D strain maps which can be directly correlated to the material properties. Furthermore, we show that the developed framework is capable of strongly reducing motion artifacts even in a dataset containing a single 360 degrees rotation
CT dose reduction factors in the thousands using X-ray phase contrast
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging can improve the visibility of weakly absorbing
objects (e.g. soft tissues) by an order of magnitude or more compared to
conventional radiographs. Previously, it has been shown that combining phase
retrieval with computed tomography (CT) can increase the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) by up to two orders of magnitude over conventional CT at the same
radiation dose, without loss of image quality. Our experiments reveal that as
radiation dose decreases, the relative improvement in SNR increases. We
discovered this enhancement can be traded for a reduction in dose greater than
the square of the gain in SNR. Upon reducing the dose 300 fold, the
phase-retrieved SNR was still almost 10 times larger than the absorption
contrast data. This reveals the potential for dose reduction factors in the
tens of thousands without loss in image quality, which would have a profound
impact on medical and industrial imaging applications
A LabVIEW® based generic CT scanner control software platform
UGCT, the Centre for X-ray tomography at Ghent University (Belgium) does research on X-ray tomography and its applications. This includes the development and construction of state-of-the-art CT scanners for scientific research. Because these scanners are built for very different purposes they differ considerably in their physical implementations. However, they all share common principle functionality. In this context a generic software platform was developed using LabVIEW (R) in order to provide the same interface and functionality on all scanners. This article describes the concept and features of this software, and its potential for tomography in a research setting. The core concept is to rigorously separate the abstract operation of a CT scanner from its actual physical configuration. This separation is achieved by implementing a sender-listener architecture. The advantages are that the resulting software platform is generic, scalable, highly efficient, easy to develop and to extend, and that it can be deployed on future scanners with minimal effort
Mapping Atomic Motions with Electrons: Toward the Quantum Limit to Imaging Chemistry
Recent advances in ultrafast electron and X-ray diffraction have pushed imaging of structural dynamics into the femtosecond time domain, that is, the fundamental time scale of atomic motion. New physics can be reached beyond the scope of traditional diffraction or reciprocal space imaging. By exploiting the high time resolution, it has been possible to directly observe the collapse of nearly innumerable possible nuclear motions to a few key reaction modes that direct chemistry. It is this reduction in dimensionality in the transition state region that makes chemistry a transferable concept, with the same class of reactions being applicable to synthetic strategies to nearly arbitrary levels of complexity. The ability to image the underlying key reaction modes has been achieved with resolution to relative changes in atomic positions to better than 0.01 Å, that is, comparable to thermal motions. We have effectively reached the fundamental space-time limit with respect to the reaction energetics and imaging the acting forces. In the process of ensemble measured structural changes, we have missed the quantum aspects of chemistry. This perspective reviews the current state of the art in imaging chemistry in action and poses the challenge to access quantum information on the dynamics. There is the possibility with the present ultrabright electron and X-ray sources, at least in principle, to do tomographic reconstruction of quantum states in the form of a Wigner function and density matrix for the vibrational, rotational, and electronic degrees of freedom. Accessing this quantum information constitutes the ultimate demand on the spatial and temporal resolution of reciprocal space imaging of chemistry. Given the much shorter wavelength and corresponding intrinsically higher spatial resolution of current electron sources over X-rays, this Perspective will focus on electrons to provide an overview of the challenge on both the theory and the experimental fronts to extract the quantum aspects of molecular dynamics
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