14,473 research outputs found
Framework for Dynamic Evaluation of Muscle Fatigue in Manual Handling Work
Muscle fatigue is defined as the point at which the muscle is no longer able
to sustain the required force or work output level. The overexertion of muscle
force and muscle fatigue can induce acute pain and chronic pain in human body.
When muscle fatigue is accumulated, the functional disability can be resulted
as musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). There are several posture exposure analysis
methods useful for rating the MSD risks, but they are mainly based on static
postures. Even in some fatigue evaluation methods, muscle fatigue evaluation is
only available for static postures, but not suitable for dynamic working
process. Meanwhile, some existing muscle fatigue models based on physiological
models cannot be easily used in industrial ergonomic evaluations. The external
dynamic load is definitely the most important factor resulting muscle fatigue,
thus we propose a new fatigue model under a framework for evaluating fatigue in
dynamic working processes. Under this framework, virtual reality system is
taken to generate virtual working environment, which can be interacted with the
work with haptic interfaces and optical motion capture system. The motion
information and load information are collected and further processed to
evaluate the overall work load of the worker based on dynamic muscle fatigue
models and other work evaluation criterions and to give new information to
characterize the penibility of the task in design process.Comment: International Conference On Industrial Technology, Chengdu : Chine
(2008
Dynamic Muscle Fatigue Evaluation in Virtual Working Environment
Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the major health problems in
mechanical work especially in manual handling jobs. Muscle fatigue is believed
to be the main reason for MSD. Posture analysis techniques have been used to
expose MSD risks of the work, but most of the conventional methods are only
suitable for static posture analysis. Meanwhile the subjective influences from
the inspectors can result differences in the risk assessment. Another
disadvantage is that the evaluation has to be taken place in the workshop, so
it is impossible to avoid some design defects before data collection in the
field environment and it is time consuming. In order to enhance the efficiency
of ergonomic MSD risk evaluation and avoid subjective influences, we develop a
new muscle fatigue model and a new fatigue index to evaluate the human muscle
fatigue during manual handling jobs in this paper. Our new fatigue model is
closely related to the muscle load during working procedure so that it can be
used to evaluate the dynamic working process. This muscle fatigue model is
mathematically validated and it is to be further experimental validated and
integrated into a virtual working environment to evaluate the muscle fatigue
and predict the MSD risks quickly and objectively
Fatigue evaluation in maintenance and assembly operations by digital human simulation
Virtual human techniques have been used a lot in industrial design in order
to consider human factors and ergonomics as early as possible. The physical
status (the physical capacity of virtual human) has been mostly treated as
invariable in the current available human simulation tools, while indeed the
physical capacity varies along time in an operation and the change of the
physical capacity depends on the history of the work as well. Virtual Human
Status is proposed in this paper in order to assess the difficulty of manual
handling operations, especially from the physical perspective. The decrease of
the physical capacity before and after an operation is used as an index to
indicate the work difficulty. The reduction of physical strength is simulated
in a theoretical approach on the basis of a fatigue model in which fatigue
resistances of different muscle groups were regressed from 24 existing maximum
endurance time (MET) models. A framework based on digital human modeling
technique is established to realize the comparison of physical status. An
assembly case in airplane assembly is simulated and analyzed under the
framework. The endurance time and the decrease of the joint moment strengths
are simulated. The experimental result in simulated operations under laboratory
conditions confirms the feasibility of the theoretical approach
Human Arm simulation for interactive constrained environment design
During the conceptual and prototype design stage of an industrial product, it
is crucial to take assembly/disassembly and maintenance operations in advance.
A well-designed system should enable relatively easy access of operating
manipulators in the constrained environment and reduce musculoskeletal disorder
risks for those manual handling operations. Trajectory planning comes up as an
important issue for those assembly and maintenance operations under a
constrained environment, since it determines the accessibility and the other
ergonomics issues, such as muscle effort and its related fatigue. In this
paper, a customer-oriented interactive approach is proposed to partially solve
ergonomic related issues encountered during the design stage under a
constrained system for the operator's convenience. Based on a single objective
optimization method, trajectory planning for different operators could be
generated automatically. Meanwhile, a motion capture based method assists the
operator to guide the trajectory planning interactively when either a local
minimum is encountered within the single objective optimization or the operator
prefers guiding the virtual human manually. Besides that, a physical engine is
integrated into this approach to provide physically realistic simulation in
real time manner, so that collision free path and related dynamic information
could be computed to determine further muscle fatigue and accessibility of a
product designComment: International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing
(IJIDeM) (2012) 1-12. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1012.432
A new muscle fatigue and recovery model and its ergonomics application in human simulation
Although automatic techniques have been employed in manufacturing industries
to increase productivity and efficiency, there are still lots of manual
handling jobs, especially for assembly and maintenance jobs. In these jobs,
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major health problems due to
overload and cumulative physical fatigue. With combination of conventional
posture analysis techniques, digital human modelling and simulation (DHM)
techniques have been developed and commercialized to evaluate the potential
physical exposures. However, those ergonomics analysis tools are mainly based
on posture analysis techniques, and until now there is still no fatigue index
available in the commercial software to evaluate the physical fatigue easily
and quickly. In this paper, a new muscle fatigue and recovery model is proposed
and extended to evaluate joint fatigue level in manual handling jobs. A special
application case is described and analyzed by digital human simulation
technique.Comment: IDMME - Virtual Concept, Beijing : Chine (2008
Multi-Objective Optimisation Method for Posture Prediction and Analysis with Consideration of Fatigue Effect and its Application Case
Automation technique has been widely used in manufacturing industry, but
there are still manual handling operations required in assembly and maintenance
work in industry. Inappropriate posture and physical fatigue might result in
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in such physical jobs. In ergonomics and
occupational biomechanics, virtual human modelling techniques have been
employed to design and optimize the manual operations in design stage so as to
avoid or decrease potential MSD risks. In these methods, physical fatigue is
only considered as minimizing the muscle or joint stress, and the fatigue
effect along time for the posture is not considered enough. In this study,
based on the existing methods and multiple objective optimisation method (MOO),
a new posture prediction and analysis method is proposed for predicting the
optimal posture and evaluating the physical fatigue in the manual handling
operation. The posture prediction and analysis problem is mathematically
described and a special application case is demonstrated for analyzing a
drilling assembly operation in European Aeronautic Defence & Space Company
(EADS) in this paper
Design of Equipment Rack with TRIZ Method to Reduce Searching Time in Change Over Activity (Case Study : PT. Jans2en Indonesia)
Janssen is a manufacturing plant that works in furniture assembly. Component shortages often occurs, it will cause the increase of work in process (WIP) in assembly section. In previous studies, we analyze the root causes with FMEA and then it is resulted that router section is the constraint of the system. There are many non value
added activities such as searching and transportation caused by a messy condition of work places and the devices that aren’t put in the right place. The impact is that the
time allocated for every change over is higher than before. There are many components that are worked by the router section, so improvements are needed to minimize changes in over time. 5S method and the use of a new design of rack by
TRIZ method are suggested for fixing the conditions of work environment. It is expected to eliminate non value added activities and changes in over time. Result shows that we can reduce non value activities in change over of regular components up to 41% and the elimination of this time is 41,6%. The non value activities in changeover of new items is 36,6% and this elimination of time is 53,3%.
Key word : change over, kaizen, design, TRIZ metho
Vibration effects research on maintenance performance in virtual environment
In the past decades, virtual maintenance has been a vital tool to assist product maintainability design. However, these is few report about the vibration effects on maintenance which has been proved significantly to enhance worker fatigue. In this study, we develop a platform, Semi-physical Simulation Platform (SSP), to analyze vibration effects on maintenance where an advanced Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (A-RULA) is also proposed to realize both static and dynamic assessment of worker postures and fatigue. Furthermore, a series experiments with a specified maintenance task are taken into SSP to investigate the vibration effects on maintenance. The results demonstrate reasonable conclusions about the effects of various frequency vibration and fatigue on maintenance time, maintenance errors, and A-RULA obtained from SSP
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