Transmission gate based dual rail logic for differential power analysis resistant circuits

Cryptographic devices with hardware implementation of the algorithms are increasingly being used in various applications. As a consequence, there is an increased need for security against the attacks on the cryptographic system. Among various attack techniques, side channel attacks pose a significant threat to the hardware implementation. Power analysis attacks are a type of side channel attack where the power leakage from the underlying hardware is used to eavesdrop on the hardware operation. Wave pipelined differential and dynamic logic (WDDL) has been found to be an effective countermeasure to power analysis. This thesis studies the use of transmission gate based WDDL implementation for the differential and dynamic logic. Although WDDL is an effective defense against power analysis, the number of gates needed for the design of a secure implementation is double the number of gates used for non-secure operations. In this thesis we propose transmission gate based structures for implementation of wave pipelined dynamic and differential logic to minimize the overhead of this defense against power analysis attacks. A transmission gate WDDL design methodology is presented, and the design and analysis of a secure multiplier is given. The adder structures are compared in terms of security effectiveness and silicon area overhead for three cases: unsecured logic implementation, standard gate WDDL, and transmission gate WDDL. In simulation, the transmission gate WDDL design is seen to have similar power consumption results compared to the standard gate WDDL; however, the transmission gate based circuit uses 10-50% fewer gates compared to the static WDDL

Multicast Mobility in Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6) : Problem Statement and Brief Survey

Publisher PD

The Future of Neutrino Mass Measurements: Terrestrial, Astrophysical, and Cosmological Measurements in the Next Decade. Highlights of the NuMass 2013 Workshop. Milano, Italy, February 4 - 7, 2013

The third Workshop of the NuMass series ("The Future of Neutrino Mass Measurements: Terrestrial, Astrophysical, and Cosmological Measurements in the Next Decade: NuMass 2013") was held at Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini, University of Milano-Bicocca in Milano, Italy, on 4-7 February 2013. The goal of this international workshop was to review the status and future of direct and indirect neutrino mass measurements in the laboratory as well as from astrophysical and cosmological observations. This paper collects most of the contributions presented during the Workshop

Material science and accelerator r&d: reflectivity and photo yield measurements of vacuum chamber technical surfaces

One of the most important problems to consider in particle accelerators is Synchrotron Radiation (SR). SR causes significant problems like heat load on the accelerator walls, photon stimulated desorption, production of secondary electrons (electron cloud effect) and consequently beam instability (coupled bunch and single bunch instabilities). Thus, it is very important to have an experimental characterization of properties of technical surfaces, in particular Reflectivity and Photo Yield (PY). PY, also known as quantum efficiency, measures the number of electrons generated per incident photon as a function of energy and incidence angle. Such material properties are essential ingredients to calculate single and multi bunch instabilities, vacuum behaviour, e—cloud instabilities, etc. There is an increasing demand from the accelerator community towards the availability of experimental data taken from representative materials and in conditions as close as possible to the one that will actually occur in the machine. In the FCC-hh contest it has been highlighted that high reflectivity could be advantageous for reducing SR induced heat load in cold dipoles. Carbon Coating of smooth vacuum chamber surfaces was suggested as a mean to reduce the heat load in cold part of the machine, by forward reflecting most SR and its deposited power towards ad hoc designed room temperature absorbers. In these Ph.D. a systematic experimental campaign has been launched and is still ongoing to study Reflectivity and Photo Yield. We identified the Optics Beamline and the Reflectometer endstation in Berlin (HZB BESSY-II), as an ideal tool to get realistic experimental values to be used in most relevant simulations. Access to this beamtime has been granted trough beamtime accepted proposals. The first experimental results will be presented and discussed here. We studied reflectivity and photo yield in UV and XUV range (from 35 eV to 1800 eV) at grazing angles (0.25, 0.5 and 1 degree), using copper samples as targets, differently prepared. We studied also the effect of Carbon Coating on reflectivity and PY

Outdoor Insulation and Gas Insulated Switchgears

This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed

Full-Duplex Wireless for 6G: Progress Brings New Opportunities and Challenges

The use of in-band full-duplex (FD) enables nodes to simultaneously transmit and receive on the same frequency band, which challenges the traditional assumption in wireless network design. The full-duplex capability enhances spectral efficiency and decreases latency, which are two key drivers pushing the performance expectations of next-generation mobile networks. In less than ten years, in-band FD has advanced from being demonstrated in research labs to being implemented in standards and products, presenting new opportunities to utilize its foundational concepts. Some of the most significant opportunities include using FD to enable wireless networks to sense the physical environment, integrate sensing and communication applications, develop integrated access and backhaul solutions, and work with smart signal propagation environments powered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. However, these new opportunities also come with new challenges for large-scale commercial deployment of FD technology, such as managing self-interference, combating cross-link interference in multi-cell networks, and coexistence of dynamic time division duplex, subband FD and FD networks.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, accepted to an IEEE Journa

Point Spread Function and Modulation Transfer Function Engineering

A novel computational imaging approach to sensor protection based on point spread function (PSF) engineering is designed to suppress harmful laser irradiance without significant loss of image fidelity of a background scene. PSF engineering is accomplished by modifying a traditional imaging system with a lossless linear phase mask at the pupil which diffracts laser light over a large area of the imaging sensor. The approach provides the additional advantage of an instantaneous response time across a broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum. As the mask does not discriminate between the laser and desired scene, a post-processing image reconstruction step is required, which may be accomplished in real time, that both removes the laser spot and improves the image fidelity. This thesis includes significant experimental and numerical advancements in the determination and demonstration of optimized phase masks. Analytic studies of PSF engineering systems and their fundamental limits were conducted. An experimental test-bed was designed using a spatial light modulator to create digitally-controlled phase masks to image a target in the presence of a laser source. Experimental results using already known phase masks: axicon, vortex and cubic are reported. New methods for designing phase masks are also reported including (1) a numeric differential evolution algorithm, (2) a “PSF reverse engineering” method, and (3) a hardware based simulated annealing experiment. Broadband performance of optimized phase masks were also evaluated in simulation. Optimized phase masks were shown to provide three orders of magnitude laser suppression while simultaneously providing high fidelity imaging a background scene

Method of comparing and transforming images obtained using UAV

The subject matter of this article involves reviewing and developing methods for the comparison and transformation of images obtained using UAV via Computer Vision tools. The goal is to improve methods for image comparison and transformation. Various image-processing methods were employed to achieve the goal of this study,thereby contributing to the development of practical algorithms and approaches for image analysis and comparison. The tasks can be described as follows: 1) development of image comparison methods: design tools for the comparison of images from UAV that efficiently detect differences using algorithms such as cv2.absdiff and the PIL module; 2) Image transformation: implement transformation methods for images from UAV, including perspective transformation and thresholding, to enhance the quality and accuracy of image analysis. The methods used were algorithm development, image transformation methods, statistical analysis, experimental testing, and performance evaluation. The metrics used in this article are response time and accuracy. Algorithms for image comparison have also been refined, particularly those transformed through Global Threshold Value, Adaptive Mean Thresholding, and Adaptive Gaussian Thresholding. A novel change filtering method was introduced to enhance the precision of image comparison by filtering out insignificant alterations following image transformation. Comprehensive investigation of image comparison involving edge detection methods has been systematically presented. The results contain the development of practical algorithms and approaches for image analysis and comparison applicable in diverse areas such as military, security, and agriculture. Possibilities of applying our methods and algorithms in the context of drones were also considered, which is particularly relevant in tasks related to computer vision in unmanned aerial vehicles, where limited resources and the need for real-time processing of a large volume of data create unique challenges. Conclusions. The results contain OpenCV and PIL image comparison methods. OpenCV pixel-by-pixel comparison algorithm showed a better response time with the same accuracy. OpenCV method has 92,46% response time improvement compared with PIL and is 276ms. As for image thresholding with comparison, a method based on Global Threshold Value showed the shortest response time (266ms) and the lowest accuracy. The highest accuracy and response time (366ms) were obtained using the Adaptive Gaussian Thresholding method