681 research outputs found
Alternator and voltage regulator-exciter for a Brayton cycle space power system. Volume 2 - Unbalanced electromagnetic forces
Unbalanced electromagnetic forces in Brayton cycle turboalternator for space power syste
Local exact exchange potentials within the all-electron FLAPW method and a comparison with pseudopotential results
We present a general numerical approach to construct local Kohn-Sham
potentials from orbital-dependent functionals within the all-electron
full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method, in which core
and valence electrons are treated on an equal footing. As a practical example,
we present a treatment of the orbital-dependent exact-exchange (EXX) energy and
potential. A formulation in terms of a mixed product basis, which is
constructed from products of LAPW basis functions, enables a solution of the
optimized-effective-potential (OEP) equation with standard numerical algebraic
tools and without shape approximations for the resulting potential. We find
that the mixed product and LAPW basis sets must be properly balanced to obtain
smooth and converged EXX potentials without spurious oscillations. The
construction and convergence of the exchange potential is analyzed in detail
for diamond. Our all-electron results for C, Si, SiC, Ge, GaAs semiconductors
as well as Ne and Ar noble-gas solids are in very favorable agreement with
plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. This confirms the adequacy of the
pseudopotential approximation in the context of the EXX-OEP formalism and
clarifies a previous contradiction between FLAPW and pseudopotential results.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 5 table
Flexible operation of grid-interfacing converters in distribution networks : bottom-up solutions to voltage quality enhancement
Due to the emerging application of distributed generation (DG), large numbers of DG systems are expected to deliver electricity into the distribution network in the near future. For the most part these systems are not ready for riding through grid disturbances and cannot mitigate unwanted influences on the grid. On the one hand, with the increasing use of sensitive and critical equipment by customers, the electricity network is required to serve high voltage quality. On the other hand, more and more unbalanced and nonlinear equipment, including DG units, is negatively affecting the power quality of distribution networks. To adapt to the future distribution network, the tendency for grid-interfacing converters will be to integrate voltage quality enhancement with DG functionality. In this thesis, the flexible operation of grid-interfacing converters in distribution networks is investigated for the purpose of voltage quality enhancement at both the grid and user sides. The research is carried out in a bottom-up fashion, from the low-level power electronics control, through the realization of individual system functionality, finally arriving at system-level concepts and implementation. Being essential to the control of grid-interfacing converters, both stationaryframe techniques for voltage detection and synchronization in disturbed grids, and asymmetrical current regulation are investigated. Firstly, a group of high performance filters for the detection of fundamental symmetrical sequences and harmonics under various grid conditions is proposed. The robustness of the proposed filters to small grid-frequency variation and their adaptability to large frequency change are discussed. Secondly, multiple reference frame current regulation is explored for dealing with unbalanced grid conditions. As a complement to the existing proportional resonant (PR) controllers, sequence-decoupled resonant (SDR) controllers are proposed for regulating individual symmetric sequences. Based on the modeling of a four-leg grid-connected system in different reference frames, three types of controllers, i.e. PI, PR, and proportional plus SDR controllers are compared. Grid-interactive control of distributed power generation, i.e. voltage unbalance compensation, grid-fault ride-through control and flexible power transfer, as well as the modeling of harmonic interaction, are all investigated. The in-depth study and analysis of these grid interactions show the grid-support possibilities and potential negative impact on the grid of inverter-based DG units, beyond their primary goal of power delivery. In order to achieve a co-operative voltage unbalance compensation based on distributed DG systems, two control schemes, namely voltage unbalance factor based control and negative-sequence admittance control, are proposed. The negativesequence voltages at the grid connection point can be compensated and mitigated by regulating the negative-sequence currents flowing between the grid and DG converters. Flexible active and reactive power control during unbalanced voltage dips is proposed that enables DG systems to enhance grid-fault ride-through capability and to adapt to various requirements for grid voltage support. By changing adaptable weighting factors, the compensation of oscillating power and the regulation of grid currents can be easily implemented. Two joint strategies for the simultaneous control of active and reactive power are derived, which maintain the adaptive controllability that can cope with multiple constraints in practical applications. The contribution of zero-sequence currents to active power control is also analyzed as a complement to the proposed control, which is based on positive- and negative-sequence components. Harmonic interaction between DG inverters and the grid is modeled and analyzed with an impedance-based approach. In order to mitigate the harmonic distortion in a polluted grid, it is proposed to specify output impedance limits as a design constraint for DG inverters. Results obtained from modeling, analysis, and simulations of a distribution network with aggregated DG inverters, show that the proposed method is a simple and effective way for estimating harmonic quasi-resonance problems. By integrating these proposed control strategies in a modified conventional series-parallel structure, we arrived at a group of grid-interfacing system topologies that is suitable for DG applications, voltage quality improvement, and flexible power transfer. A concrete laboratory system details the proposed concepts and specifies the practical problems related to control design. The introduction of multi-level control objectives illustrates that the proposed system can ride through voltage disturbances, can enhance the grid locally, and can continue the power transfer to and from the grid while high voltage quality is maintained for the local loads within the system module. A dual-converter laboratory set-up was built, with which the proposed concepts and practical implementation have been fully demonstrated
Lightning Prediction for Space Launch Using Machine Learning Based Off of Electric Field Mills and Lightning Detection and Ranging Data
Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Station, FL, where the Air Force conducts space launches, are in an area of frequent lightning strikes, which is main obstacle in meeting launch goals. The 45th Weather Squadron (45th WS) ensures that any weather safety requirements are met during pre-launch and actual space launch. Using only summer months from three years’ worth of lightning detection and ranging (LDAR) and electric field mill (EFM) data from KSC, several feedforward neural networks are constructed. Separate models are built for each EFM and trained by adjusting parameters to forecast lightning 30 minutes out in the surrounding area of each field mill
Universal quantum behaviors of interacting fermions in 1D traps: from few particles to the trap thermodynamic limit
We investigate the ground-state properties of trapped fermion systems
described by the Hubbard model with an external confining potential. We discuss
the universal behaviors of systems in different regimes: from few particles,
i.e. in dilute regime, to the trap thermodynamic limit.
The asymptotic trap-size (TS) dependence in the dilute regime (increasing the
trap size l keeping the particle number N fixed) is described by a universal TS
scaling controlled by the dilute fixed point associated with the
metal-to-vacuum quantum transition. This scaling behavior is numerically
checked by DMRG simulations of the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model. In
particular, the particle density and its correlations show crossovers among
different regimes: for strongly repulsive interactions they approach those of a
spinless Fermi gas, for weak interactions those of a free Fermi gas, and for
strongly attractive interactions they match those of a gas of hard-core bosonic
molecules.
The large-N behavior of systems at fixed N/l corresponds to a 1D trap
thermodynamic limit. We address issues related to the accuracy of the local
density approximation (LDA). We show that the particle density approaches its
LDA in the large-l limit. When the trapped system is in the metallic phase,
corrections at finite l are O(l^{-1}) and oscillating around the center of the
trap. They become significantly larger at the boundary of the fermion cloud,
where they get suppressed as O(l^{-1/3}) only. This anomalous behavior arises
from the nontrivial scaling at the metal-to-vacuum transition occurring at the
boundaries of the fermion cloud.Comment: 20 page
Delving into Semantic Scale Imbalance
Model bias triggered by long-tailed data has been widely studied. However,
measure based on the number of samples cannot explicate three phenomena
simultaneously: (1) Given enough data, the classification performance gain is
marginal with additional samples. (2) Classification performance decays
precipitously as the number of training samples decreases when there is
insufficient data. (3) Model trained on sample-balanced datasets still has
different biases for different classes. In this work, we define and quantify
the semantic scale of classes, which is used to measure the feature diversity
of classes. It is exciting to find experimentally that there is a marginal
effect of semantic scale, which perfectly describes the first two phenomena.
Further, the quantitative measurement of semantic scale imbalance is proposed,
which can accurately reflect model bias on multiple datasets, even on
sample-balanced data, revealing a novel perspective for the study of class
imbalance. Due to the prevalence of semantic scale imbalance, we propose
semantic-scale-balanced learning, including a general loss improvement scheme
and a dynamic re-weighting training framework that overcomes the challenge of
calculating semantic scales in real-time during iterations. Comprehensive
experiments show that dynamic semantic-scale-balanced learning consistently
enables the model to perform superiorly on large-scale long-tailed and
non-long-tailed natural and medical datasets, which is a good starting point
for mitigating the prevalent but unnoticed model bias.Comment: 47 pages, 26 figures, 12 tables, Published as a conference paper at
ICLR 202
Semi-Supervised Learning for Mars Imagery Classification and Segmentation
With the progress of Mars exploration, numerous Mars image data are collected
and need to be analyzed. However, due to the imbalance and distortion of
Martian data, the performance of existing computer vision models is
unsatisfactory. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised framework for
machine vision on Mars and try to resolve two specific tasks: classification
and segmentation. Contrastive learning is a powerful representation learning
technique. However, there is too much information overlap between Martian data
samples, leading to a contradiction between contrastive learning and Martian
data. Our key idea is to reconcile this contradiction with the help of
annotations and further take advantage of unlabeled data to improve
performance. For classification, we propose to ignore inner-class pairs on
labeled data as well as neglect negative pairs on unlabeled data, forming
supervised inter-class contrastive learning and unsupervised similarity
learning. For segmentation, we extend supervised inter-class contrastive
learning into an element-wise mode and use online pseudo labels for supervision
on unlabeled areas. Experimental results show that our learning strategies can
improve the classification and segmentation models by a large margin and
outperform state-of-the-art approaches.Comment: Accepted by ACM Trans. on Multimedia Computing Communications and
Applications (TOMM
Statistical methods and applications to animal breeding
This thesis comprises a collection of 39 research papers
divided into three groups. The first group discusses the
development of statistical methods, especially novel methods of
variance component estimation, with general application. The
second group examines the potential use of statistical methods in
animal breeding studies, ranging from the construction of new
experimental designs to the analysis of non-normal data. The
third group reports on studies on animal breeding data in beef
and dairy cattle.Group I is entitled "Statistical methods, including
variance component estimation, with general application". The
major theme of this group is the estimation of variance
components. Some previous work based on methods for balanced
data, gave rise to methods that were neither unique nor efficient
and other methods gave results that are inconsistent with the
analysis of variance for balanced data. A method was
introduced, now known as REML (Residual Maximum Likelihood) that
unifies the area. The method was introduced for the analysis of
incomplete block designs with unequal block size but was found to
have important applications in the analysis of groups of similar
trials, time-series and animal breeding. Papers investigating
REML estimation for multivariate data, time-series and detecting
outliers are included. The relationship of REML to other
methods is elucidated, especially for balanced and partially
balanced designs. Computational strategies are discussed.The last two papers in the group illustrate a method of
analysis of dial lei crosses that involves using multiple copies
of the data. This idea of using multiple copies was shown also
to be useful in the analysis of rectangular lattice designs and
in the interpretation of some recently introduced neighbour
analyses of field trials.The next group of papers, Group II, report on
"Application of statistical methods to animal breeding studies".
The work on variance components has some application in animal
breeding and I have built on these links. Four papers consider
efficient designs for estimation of genetic parameters, including
designs for estimating heritability from data on two generations
of data, for estimating maternal genetic variances, for
estimating parent-offspri ng regression and for estimating
multivariate genetic parameters. These designs can lead to
substantial reductions in the variances of the estimates of the
parameters, compared with classical designs, halving variances in
some cases. Other papers have shown how to efficiently estimate
heritability from unbalanced data, both from two generations of
data and from more than two generations.Often in animal breeding experiments animals used as
parents are not selected at random, but selected on phenotypic
measurements, perhaps of relatives. This can cause bias in some
methods of estimation. On the other hand REML estimates can
take account of the selection process. Selection experiments
and the estimation of realised heritability are discussed.REML estimation has found widespread acceptance by
animal breeders, partly because some quantities arising in the
methods were terms that animal breeders use in evaluating
animals. It was shown how to improve one method of evaluation
and methods of evaluating sires were reviewedSome work is included on multivariate evaluation. It
is shown how the complex multivariate calculations can be reduced
to simpler univariate calculations using a canonical
transformation, how results on selection indices can be used to
interpret multivariate predictions. A simple interpretation of
quadratic selection indices is given.Other work considered some parallel problems with
non-normal data. In particular for binary data, estimation of
heritability, optimal designs for estimation of heritability and
prediction of breeding values. It was shown how to estimate
genotype frequencies using generalised linear model methods and
> h?
suggested how to evaluate animals worth and estimate genetic
parameters when the data fits a generalised linear model.The last group, Group III, is entitled "Experimental
studies". These include reports on a long term study of
evaluation of breeds and cross-breeding in beef cattle in Zambia.
The section also examines the genetic relationship between meat
and milk production in British Friesian cattle. The validity of
models used in dairy sire evaluation are investigated including
the heterogeneity of heritability of milk yield at different
levels of production and the use of a novel model for taking
account of environmental variation within herds.GROUP I:
STATISTICAL METHODS INCLUDING VARIANCE COMPONENT
ESTIMATE WITH GENERAL APPLICATION01. R. THOMPSON. 1969. Iterative estimation of variance
components for non-orthogonal data. Biometrics 25,
767-773. ||
02. H.D. PATTERSON and R. THOMPSON. 1971. Recovery of
inter-block information when block sizes are unequal.
Biometrika 58, 545-554. ||
03. H.D. PATTERSON and R. THOMPSON. 1975. Maximum likelihood
estimation of components of variance. Proceedings
of the 8th International Biometric Conference. Ed.
L.C.A. Corsten and T. Postelnicu, 199-207. ||
04. R. THOMPSON. 1980. Maximum likelihood estimation of
variance components. Math. Operationsforsh.
Statist. ljU 545-561. ||
05. R. THOMPSON. 1978. The estimation of variance and
covariance components with an application when
records are subject to culling. Biometrics 29,
527-550. ||
06. L.R. SCHAEFFER, J.W. WILTON and R. THOMPSON. 1978.
Simultaneous estimation of variance and covariance
components from multitrait mixed model equations.
Biometrics 34, 199-208. ||
07. D.M. COOPER and R. THOMPSON. 1977 . A note on the
estimation of the parameters of the
autoregressive-moving average process. Biometrika
64, 625-628. ||
08. R. THOMPSON. 1985. A note on restricted maximum
likelihood estimation with an alternative outlier
model. J.R. Statist. Soc. B 47, 53-55. ||
09. R. THOMPSON. 1975. A note on the W transformation.
Technometrics J7, 511-512. ||
10. R. THOMPSON and K. MEYER. 1986. Estimation of variance
components : what is missing in the EM algorithm? J.
Statist. Comput. Simul. 24 215-230. ||
11. D.L. ROBINSON, R. THOMPSON and P.G.N. DIGBY. REML. 1982.
A program for the analysis of non-orthogonal data by
restricted maximum likelihood. COMPSTAT 1982, II.
Eds. H. Cassinus, P. Ettinger and J.R. Mattieu.
Physica-Verlag, Wien 231-232. ||
12. R. THOMPSON. 1983. Dial lei crosses, partially balanced
incomplete block designs with triangular association
schemes and rectangular lattices. GENSTAT
newsletter JJ3, 16-32. ||
13. R. THOMPSON. 1984. The use of multiple copies of data in
forming and interpreting analysis of variance.
Experimental design, Statistical Methods and Genetic
Statistics. Ed. K. Hinkelmann. Marcel Dekker, New
York, 155-174.GROUP II:
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS TO ANIMAL BREEDING
STUDIES14. R. THOMPSON. 1976. The estimation of maternal genetic
variances. Biometrics 32 903-917. ||
15. R. THOMPSON. 1976. Design of experiments to estimate
heritability when observations are available on
parents and offspring. Biometrics 32 283-304. ||
16. W.G. HILL and R. THOMPSON. 1977. Design of experiments
to estimate parent-offspring regression using
selected parents. Anim. Prod. 24, 163-168. ||
17. N.D. CAMERON and R. THOMPSON. 1986. Design of
multivariate selection experiments to estimate
genetic parameters. Theor. Appl. Genet. 72, 466-476. ||
18. R. THOMPSON. 1977. The estimation of heritability with
unbalanced data. I. Observations available on
parents and offspring. Biometrics 33, 485-495. ||
19. R. THOMPSON. 1977. The estimation of heritability with
unbalanced data. II. Data available on more than
two generations. Biometrics 33, 495-504. ||
20. R. THOMPSON. 1977. The estimation of heritability with
unbalanced data. III. Unpublished Appendices, 1-17. ||
21. R. THOMPSON. 1976. Estimation of quantitative genetic
parameters. Proceedings of the International
Conference on Quantitative Genetics. Ed. 0.
Kempthorne, E. Pollak and T. Bailey. Iowa State
University press, Ames, Iowa, 639-657.
(vii) ||
22. W.G. HILL and R. THOMPSON. 1978. Probabilities of
non-positive definite between group or genetic
covariance matrices. Biometrics 34, 429-439. ||
23. K. MEYER and R. THOMPSON. 1984. Bias in variance and
covariance component estimators due to selection on a
correlated trait. Z. Tierzucht. Zuchtungsbiol. 101,
33-50. ||
24. R. THOMPSON. 1976. Relationship between the cumulative
different and best linear unbiased predictor methods
of evaluating bulls. Anim. Prod. 23^, 15-24. ||
25. R. THOMPSON. 1979. Sire Evaluation. Biometrics 35,
339-353. ||
26. R. THOMPSON. 1986. Estimation of realised heritability
in a selected population using mixed model methods.
Genet. Sel. Evol . 475-484. ||
27. R. THOMPSON. 1972. The maximum likelihood approach to
the estimate of liability. Anim. Hum. Genet. 36,
221-231. ||
28. R. THOMPSON, B.J. McGUIRK and A.R. GILMOUR. 1985.
Estimating the heritability of all-or-none and
categorical traits by offspring-parent regression.
Z. Tierzucht. Zuchtungsbiol. 102, 342-354. ||
29. J.L. FOULLEY, D. GIANOLA and R. THOMPSON. 1983.
Prediction of genetic merit from data on binary and
quantitative variates with an application to calving
difficulty, birth weight and pelvic opening. Genet.
Sel. Evol. 15, 401-424. ||
30. R. THOMPSON and R.J. BAKER. 1981. Composite link
functions in generalised linear models. J.R.
Statist. Soc. B. 30, 125-131. ||
31. R. THOMPSON. 1980. A note on the estimation of economic
values for selection indices. Anim. Prod. 31,
115-117.GROUP III:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES32. W. THORPE, D.K.R. CRUICKSHANK and R. THOMPSON. 1980.
Genetic and evironmental influences on beef cattle
production in Zambia. Factors affecting weaner
production from Angoni, Barotse and Boran dams.
Anim. Prod. 30, 217-234. ||
33. W. THORPE, D.K.R. CRUICKSHANK and R. THOMPSON. 1980.
Genetic and environmental influences on beef cattle
production in Zambia. 2. Sire weights for age of
purebred and reciprocally crossbred progeny. Anim.
Prod. 30, 235-243. ||
34. W. THORPE, D.K.R. CRUICKSHANK and R. THOMPSON. 1980.
Genetic and environmental influences on beef cattle
production in Zambia. 3. Carcass characteristics of
purebred and reciprocally crossbred progeny. Anim.
Prod. 30, 245-252. ||
35. W. THORPE, D.C.K. CRUICKSHANK and R. THOMPSON. 1982.
Genetic and environmental influences on beef cattle
in Zambia. 4. Weaner production from purebred and
reciprocally crossbred progeny. Anim. Prod. 33,
165-177. ||
36. W. THORPE, D.K.R. CRUICKSHANK and R. THOMPSON. 1979. The
growth and carcass character!- sti cs of crosses of
Hereford and Friesian with Angoni, Barotse and Boran
cattle in Zambia. J. Agric. Sci., Camb. 93,
423-430. ||
37. I.L. MASON, V.E. VIAL and R. THOMPSON. 1972. Genetic
parameters of beef characteristics and the genetic
relationship between meat and milk production in
British Friesian cattle. Anim. Prod. 135-148. ||
38. W.G. HILL, M.R. EDWARDS, M-K A. AHMED and R. THOMPSON.
1983. Heritability of milk yield and composition at
different levels and variability of production.
Anim. Prod. 36, 59-68. ||
39. V.P.S. CHAUHAN and R. THOMPSON. 1986. Dairy sire
evaluation using a "rolling months" model. Z.
Tierzucht. Zuchtungsbiol 103, 321-333
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