Experiments on Internet Response

This paper suggests a generalized distribution of response times to new information $\sim t^{-b}$ for human populations in the absence of deadlines. This has important implications for psychological and social studies as well the study of dynamical networks such as the WWW.Comment: 4 figures 6 page

Ship design with the human factor: evacuation and normal operations modelling in the ship design process

This thesis addresses the modelling of human factors and how they can impact ship design. Two different but related applications areas are considered; passenger ship evacuation analysis and naval vessel normal operations and evacuation analysis. In the first instance, this thesis investigates the impact of the current regulatory specified passenger response time distributions upon evacuation analysis and then recommends a more realistic passenger response time distribution which should be implemented when performing an evacuation analysis of a passenger RO-RO vessel. This realistic passenger response time distribution is based upon the results of sea trials. The results of this analysis have been adopted by the IMO and form part of the new guideline document, IMO MSC 1238. In addition, this thesis addresses the analysis of the human factors’ performance of a naval vessel. Naval vessels are built primarily for undertaking assigned missions in times of war and conflict. While the safety of those on board is important, the ability of the vessel to function and complete its assigned mission is of paramount importance. This thesis utilises an evacuation model, maritimeEXODUS, which was extended to incorporate the functionality of modelling non-evacuation scenarios, to assess the human factors’ performance of a naval vessel during both normal operations and evacuation scenarios. This thesis develops a methodology for simultaneously assessing the human factors’ performance of both a range of normal operation scenarios and evacuation scenario on board a naval vessel. The methodology, called the Human Performance Metric (HPM), is discriminating, diagnostic, systematic, transparent and reproducible in nature. This thesis then implements the HPM methodology into the early stages of the design cycle for a new naval vessel. The thesis presents the software modifications required to implement the methodology in to the design cycle as well as presenting a demonstration of the new system

The Design of an Ostensible Human Teammate

Reliance on computer-mediated teaming has exploded in recent years, making research on how teammates calibrate their behavior critical. Here, we offer a simplistic, viable method to model human behavior for use in subsequent research investigating coordination among partners. We collected human performance data in a multiple object tracking task and a communications task to serve as the basis of our agent performance in multiple tasks. We demonstrate our model in real-time by drawing from existing research involving probabilistic models of detecting critical events and sample from a parametric log normal model of human response times to mimic human behavior. We endow our agent with team-based etiquette through a hesitancy to intervene, a parameter sampled from a uniform distribution, and manipulated agent performance through parametric shifts to detection and the log normal distribution that represents agent response times. The present work does not offer hypotheses as we did not conduct an experiment. Rather, we derive and provide a validation of an agent modeled from human performance parameters in two tasks for future team-level research with ad hoc partners

Bayesian Item Response Modeling in R with brms and Stan

Item Response Theory (IRT) is widely applied in the human sciences to model persons' responses on a set of items measuring one or more latent constructs. While several R packages have been developed that implement IRT models, they tend to be restricted to respective prespecified classes of models. Further, most implementations are frequentist while the availability of Bayesian methods remains comparably limited. We demonstrate how to use the R package brms together with the probabilistic programming language Stan to specify and fit a wide range of Bayesian IRT models using flexible and intuitive multilevel formula syntax. Further, item and person parameters can be related in both a linear or non-linear manner. Various distributions for categorical, ordinal, and continuous responses are supported. Users may even define their own custom response distribution for use in the presented framework. Common IRT model classes that can be specified natively in the presented framework include 1PL and 2PL logistic models optionally also containing guessing parameters, graded response and partial credit ordinal models, as well as drift diffusion models of response times coupled with binary decisions. Posterior distributions of item and person parameters can be conveniently extracted and post-processed. Model fit can be evaluated and compared using Bayes factors and efficient cross-validation procedures.Comment: 54 pages, 16 figures, 3 table

Adaptive management of emerging battlefield network

The management of the battlefield network takes place in a Network Operations Center (NOC). The manager, based on the importance of the managed network, is sometimes required to be present all the time within the physical installations of the NOC. The decisions regard a wide spectrum of network configurations, fault detection and repair, and network performance improvement. Especially in the case of the battlefield network operations these decisions are sometimes so important that can be characterized as critical to the success of the whole military operation. Most of the times, the response time is so restricted that exceeds the mean physical human response limits. An automated response that also carries the characteristics of human intelligence is needed to overcome the restrictions the human nature of an administrator imposes. The research will establish the proper computer network management architecture for an adaptive network. This architecture will enhance the capabilities of network management and in terms of cost and efficiency.http://archive.org/details/adaptivemanageme109451678Lieutenant Commander, Hellenic NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Penerapan Sistem Informasi Distribusi Bahan Pokok Di Masjid Assalaam Nitikan Kota Yogyakarta

Food as a basic human need whose fulfillment is a basic human right of all Indonesian people must always be available at all times, safe, and diverse at prices that are affordable by people's purchasing power. The issue of scarcity of staple commodities is of serious concern to the Government. The problem is compounded when the community has to implement social restrictions (social distancing) during the Covid-19 disaster response period. During the Covid-19 pan-demic, it had a very broad impact, one of which required residents to worship at their homes during the holy month of Ramadan. The Takmir Mosque of Assalaam Management issued a policy to continue to hold takjil activities. The takjil activity carried out was to provide staples to be distributed to the Assalaam mosque as a menu to break the fast. To support the distribution of staples, community service this time built a web-based information system to manage the distribution of staples for Assalaam Mosque worshipers. This information system is used to monitor the number of recipients of staples, and the distribution is carried out in three stages, at the first stage on April 26, 2020, a number of 173 packages, the second stage on May 5, 2020, a number of 205 packages, and the third stage on May 18, 2020, 205 packages

How Well Does the Latest Anthropomorphic Test Device Mimic Human Impact Responses?

One of the goals of the NASA Occupant Protection Group is to understand the human tolerance to dynamic loading. This knowledge has to come through indirect approaches such as existing human response databases, anthropometric test devices (ATD), animal testing, postmortem human subjects, and models. This study investigated the biofidelity of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's ATD named the THOR (test device for human occupant restraint). If THOR responds comparably to humans, then it could potentially be used as a human surrogate to help validate space vehicle requirements for occupant protection. The THOR responses to frontal and spinal impacts (ranging from 8 to 12 G with rise times of 40, 70, and 100 ms) were measured and compared to human volunteer responses (95 trials in frontal and 58 in spinal) previously collected by the U. S. Air Force on the same horizontal impact accelerator. The impact acceleration profiles tested are within the expected range of multipurpose crew vehicle (MPCV) landing dynamics. A correlation score was calculated for each THOR to human comparison using CORA (CORrelation and Analysis) software. A twoparameter beta distribution model fit was obtained for each dependent variable using maximum likelihood estimation. For frontal impacts, the THOR head xacceleration peak response correlated with the human response at 8 and 10G 100 ms but not 10G 70 ms. The phase lagged the human response. Head zacceleration was not correlated. Chest xacceleration was in phase, had a higher peak response, and was well correlated with lighter subjects (Cora = 0.8 for 46 kg vs. Cora = 0.4 for 126 kg). Head xdisplacement had a leading phase. Several subjects responded with the same peak displacement but the mean of the group was lower. The shoulder xdisplacement was in phase but had higher peaks than the human response. For spinal impacts, the THOR head xacceleration was not well correlated. Head and chest zacceleration was in phase but had a higher peak response. Chest zacceleration was highly correlated with heavier subjects at lower G pulses (Cora = 0.86 for 125 kg at 8 G). The human response was variable in shoulder zdisplacement but the THOR was in phase and was comparable to the mean peak response. Head xand zdisplacement was in phase but had higher peaks. Seat pan forces were well correlated, were in phase, but had a larger peak response than most subjects. The THOR does not respond to frontal and spinal impacts exactly the same way that a human does. Some responses are well matched and others are not. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this ATD is an important first step in determining its usefulness in occupant protection at NAS