4,807 research outputs found
Distributed key management in microgrids
Security for smart industrial systems is prominent due to the proliferation of cyber threats threatening national critical infrastructures. Smart grid comes with intelligent applications that can utilize the bidirectional communication network among its entities. Microgrids are small-scale smart grids that enable Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications as they can operate with some degree of independence from the main grid. In addition to protecting critical microgrid applications, an underlying key management scheme is needed to enable secure M2M message transmission and authentication. Existing key management schemes are not adequate due to microgrid special features and requirements. We propose the Micro sElf- orgaNiSed mAnagement (MENSA), which is the first hybrid key management and authentication scheme that combines Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Web-of-Trust concepts in micro- grids. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of MENSA in terms of scalability and swiftness
Peer-to-peer and community-based markets: A comprehensive review
The advent of more proactive consumers, the so-called "prosumers", with
production and storage capabilities, is empowering the consumers and bringing
new opportunities and challenges to the operation of power systems in a market
environment. Recently, a novel proposal for the design and operation of
electricity markets has emerged: these so-called peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity
markets conceptually allow the prosumers to directly share their electrical
energy and investment. Such P2P markets rely on a consumer-centric and
bottom-up perspective by giving the opportunity to consumers to freely choose
the way they are to source their electric energy. A community can also be
formed by prosumers who want to collaborate, or in terms of operational energy
management. This paper contributes with an overview of these new P2P markets
that starts with the motivation, challenges, market designs moving to the
potential future developments in this field, providing recommendations while
considering a test-case
Power-Based Droop Control in DC Microgrids Enabling Seamless Disconnection From Upstream Grids
This paper proposes a local power-based droop controller for distributed energy resource converters in dc microgrids that are connected to upstream grids by grid-interface converters. During normal operation, the grid-interface converter imposes the microgrid bus voltage, and the proposed controller allows power flow regulation at distributed energy resource converters\u2019 output. On the other hand, during abnormal operation of the grid-interface converter (e.g., due to faults in the upstream grid), the proposed controller allows bus voltage regulation by droop control. Notably, the controller can autonomously convert from power flow control to droop control, without any need of bus voltage variation detection schemes or communication with other microgrid components, which enables seamless transitions between these two modes of operation. Considering distributed energy resource converters employing the power-based droop control, the operation modes of a single converter and of the whole microgrid are defined and investigated herein. The controller design is also introduced. Furthermore, the power sharing performance of this control approach is analyzed and compared with that of classical droop control. The experimental results from a laboratory-scale dc microgrid prototype are reported to show the final performances of the proposed power-based droop control
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