Identificação de Características e Propriedades Morfológicas em Texturas Táteis: Estudo sobre Gráficos Educativos e Cartografias para Crianças com Deficiência Visual

RESUMO: Este artigo explora as texturas táteis que têm sido utilizadas na confecção de mapas e imagens temáticas para crianças com deficiência visual no Chile nos últimos 20 anos. De um grupo representativo composto por mais de 300 lâminas de conteúdo educacional inclusivo, foram selecionadas 14 texturas para identificar sua natureza, propriedades psicofísicas e características morfológicas a partir de sua composição geométrica. O objetivo foi gerar as bases teóricas e tecnológicas relacionadas ao design e à produção digital de mapas, imagens e gráficos táteis. O trabalho buscou tipificar as formas de relevo e suas possíveis aplicações pelo uso de padrões de repetição que permitam melhorar a linguagem e o reconhecimento das texturas envolvidas com o intuito de expandir e diversificar seu uso em material educativo inclusivo no ensino e na disseminação do conhecimento por meio do toque

Enhancing the E-Commerce Experience through Haptic Feedback Interaction

The sense of touch is important in our everyday lives and its absence makes it difficult to explore and manipulate everyday objects. Existing online shopping practice lacks the opportunity for physical evaluation, that people often use and value when making product choices. However, with recent advances in haptic research and technology, it is possible to simulate various physical properties such as heaviness, softness, deformation, and temperature. The research described here investigates the use of haptic feedback interaction to enhance e-commerce product evaluation, particularly haptic weight and texture evaluation. While other properties are equally important, besides being fundamental to the shopping experience of many online products, weight and texture can be simulated using cost-effective devices. Two initial psychophysical experiments were conducted using free motion haptic exploration in order to more closely resemble conventional shopping. One experiment was to measure weight force thresholds and another to measure texture force thresholds. The measurements can provide better understanding of haptic device limitation for online shopping in terms of the availability of different stimuli to represent physical products. The outcomes of the initial psychophysical experimental studies were then used to produce various absolute stimuli that were used in a comparative experimental study to evaluate user experience of haptic product evaluation. Although free haptic exploration was exercised on both psychophysical experiments, results were relatively consistent with previous work on haptic discrimination. The threshold for weight force discrimination represented as downward forces was 10 percent. The threshold for texture force discrimination represented as friction forces was 14.1 percent, when using dynamic coefficient of friction at any level of static coefficient of friction. On the other hand, the comparative experimental study to evaluate user experience of haptic product information indicated that haptic product evaluation does not change user performance significantly. However, although there was an increase in the time taken to complete the task, the number of button click actions tended to decrease. The results showed that haptic product evaluation could significantly increase the confidence of shopping decision. Nevertheless, the availability of haptic product evaluation does not necessarily impose different product choices but it complements other selection criteria such as price and appearance. The research findings from this work are a first step towards exploring haptic-based environments in e-commerce environments. The findings not only lay the foundation for designing online haptic shopping but also provide empirical support to research in this direction

”Haptic Processor Unit” : vers une Plate-Forme Transportable pour la Simulation Temps-Réel Synchrone Multisensorielle

This work is related to the field of Human-Computer Interaction, and particularly to the field of multisensory instrumental simulation, as conceptualized by the research group ACROE & ICA, and which needs a strong coupling between the human and the instrument.The first part of this thesis presents various degrees of the integration of gesture in computer uses, then develops a functional approach of force feedback technologies. This analysis elicits the mainstreams that are currently sharing the field of haptics research. We then present a study of the hardware and software components that are used in haptic simulation, and the various approaches used to connect a force feedback device to a real time modelling system. The analysis of the role of each of the components in the simulation chain and their relationships allowed us to conceptualize the “Haptic Processor Unit”. This component guarantees in particular the conditions of reactivity that are required for multisensory simulation. The new simulation architecture that we designed in this work, named ERGON_X, implements the concept of HPU. ERGON_X is a compact and transportable simulator, and handles simulation frequencies up to 44 100Hz. The third part presents the validation of the simulation platform ERGON_X. It mainly focuses on the design of new models, which were used in the framework of the research carried on by ACROE & ICA about instrumental interaction. The “E” is a model demonstrating the capabilities of the ERGOS technology, which is now fully exploitable thanks to this new simulation architecture. The models of tapping and of deformable paste allowed us to bring new results on human-object interaction, and validate the simulator as a tool for psychophysical experimentation. The Enactive Emblematic Scenarii “Ergotic Sounds” and “Pebble Box” illustrate the conception of Enaction. They validate the use of our simulation architecture as an experimental platform and lead us to a paradigm shift from “instrumental interaction” to “enactive interaction”Ce travail se situe dans le domaine de l’Interaction Personne-Système, et plus particulièrement dans celui de la simulation instrumentale multisensorielle telle que conceptualisée par le groupe de recherche ACROE & ICA, qui nécessite un couplage fort homme-instrument.La première partie de cette thèse présente les différents degrés d’intégration du geste dans l’ordinateur, puis propose une approche fonctionnelle des technologies pour le retour d’effort. Nous dégageons de cette analyse les grandes approches qui se partagent actuellement le champ de la recherche « haptique ».Nous présentons ensuite une étude sur les différents composants matériels et logiciels nécessaires à la chaîne de simulation haptique, ainsi que les différentes approches utilisées pour connecter un système à retour d’effort à un processus de simulation en temps réel. L’analyse du rôle des composants de la chaîne de simulation et de leurs relations permet de formaliser le concept de « Haptic Processor Unit ». Ce composant permet en particulier de garantir les conditions de réactivité propres à la simulation multisensorielle. La nouvelle architecture de simulation multisensorielle que nous avons réalisée, ERGON_X, met en œuvre le concept de HPU.ERGON_X est un simulateur compact et transportable, et permet d’utiliser des fréquences de simulation jusqu’à 44 100Hz. La dernière partie présente la validation de la plate-forme de simulation ERGON_X. Elle est essentiellement orientée vers l’implantation de nouveaux modèles, utilisés dans le cadre d’un travail de recherche sur la situation instrumentale médiatisée. Le « E » est un modèle de démonstration des performances de la technologie ERGOS que la nouvelle architecture de simulation permet d’exploiter pleinement. Les modèles de tapping (percussion) et de pâtes déformables ont permis d’avancer des résultatssur l’interaction homme-objet, et valident le simulateur comme un outil pour l’expérimentation psychophysique. Les Enactive Emblematic Scenarii « Ergotic Sounds » (frottement d’archet) et « Pebble Box » (la boîte à cailloux) sont des illustrations du concept de l’Enaction. Elles valident l’utilisation de l’architecture de simulation comme une plate-forme pour l’expérimentation et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de recherche sur l’enaction et la notion de présence en simulation interactive