6,040 research outputs found

    Information actors beyond modernity and coloniality in times of climate change:A comparative design ethnography on the making of monitors for sustainable futures in Curaçao and Amsterdam, between 2019-2022

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    In his dissertation, Mr. Goilo developed a cutting-edge theoretical framework for an Anthropology of Information. This study compares information in the context of modernity in Amsterdam and coloniality in Curaçao through the making process of monitors and develops five ways to understand how information can act towards sustainable futures. The research also discusses how the two contexts, that is modernity and coloniality, have been in informational symbiosis for centuries which is producing negative informational side effects within the age of the Anthropocene. By exploring the modernity-coloniality symbiosis of information, the author explains how scholars, policymakers, and data-analysts can act through historical and structural roots of contemporary global inequities related to the production and distribution of information. Ultimately, the five theses propose conditions towards the collective production of knowledge towards a more sustainable planet

    UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024

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    The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp

    Navigating the system vs. changing the system: a comparative analysis of the influence of asset-based and rights-based approaches on the well-being of socio-economic disadvantaged communities in Scotland

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    Asset-based and rights-based approaches have become leading strategies in Scottish community development. The asset-based approach seeks to help communities develop skills to provide self-help solutions. The rights-based approach seeks to help communities claim rights and make governments more accountable. These two approaches are based on contrasting conceptions of empowerment, employ opposing methods and lead to different outcomes. However, there is no empirical research that has comparatively assessed the two. This thesis represents the first in-depth exploration of the comparative effects of asset-based and rights-based approaches on the well-being of communities experiencing socio-economic disadvantage in Scotland. The study follows a qualitative design that includes a comparative case study of two projects: the AB project (representing the asset-based approach), and the RB project (representing the rights-based approach). The study also includes the perspectives of a wider pool of practitioners working in a range of community development organisations in Scotland. In total, forty-five participants across seventeen organisations have participated in this study. To assess the influence of asset-based and rights-based approaches upon well-being, this thesis employs a pluralistic account that combines objective and subjective indicators across three dimensions: material, social and personal. The specific well-being framework employed is the result of combining White’s (2010) well-being framework for the development practice and Oxfam Scotland’s (2013) Humankind Index. The results of this study indicate that asset-based and rights-based approaches have important contrasting effects on well-being. The asset-based approach seems to have a more positive effect on project participants and across a higher number of well-being indicators. The rights-based approach has more observable effects on material well-being and a higher impact on the wider community, but across fewer indicators. My findings also suggest that employing these approaches in community development settings brings different advantages and disadvantages. The asset-based approach seems easier to apply and to prove the positive outcomes on those involved. This approach, however, risks sustaining the status quo and, by doing so, misses out the opportunity to achieve more transformational outcomes. The right-based approach seems able to address structural disadvantages more effectively. Yet, it is more difficult to apply and to prove a positive impact. Organisations, practitioners, and communities applying it also face higher costs. These findings have significant implications at the practice level. Asset-based and rights-based approaches are rarely combined in UK community development settings. As a result, practitioners are often left in the position of having to make a trade-off between helping improve the well-being of project participants and helping improve the well-being of the wider community. In theory, practitioners could avoid this trade- off by combining these approaches. In practice, this is not always possible. Asset-based and rights-based approaches represent opposing theories of change. There are also legal and funding requirements that prevent organisations from following a combination of both. Given this, understanding the comparative impact of applying asset-based and rights-based approaches in community development is critical

    A systematic literature review on source code similarity measurement and clone detection: techniques, applications, and challenges

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    Measuring and evaluating source code similarity is a fundamental software engineering activity that embraces a broad range of applications, including but not limited to code recommendation, duplicate code, plagiarism, malware, and smell detection. This paper proposes a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on code similarity measurement and evaluation techniques to shed light on the existing approaches and their characteristics in different applications. We initially found over 10000 articles by querying four digital libraries and ended up with 136 primary studies in the field. The studies were classified according to their methodology, programming languages, datasets, tools, and applications. A deep investigation reveals 80 software tools, working with eight different techniques on five application domains. Nearly 49% of the tools work on Java programs and 37% support C and C++, while there is no support for many programming languages. A noteworthy point was the existence of 12 datasets related to source code similarity measurement and duplicate codes, of which only eight datasets were publicly accessible. The lack of reliable datasets, empirical evaluations, hybrid methods, and focuses on multi-paradigm languages are the main challenges in the field. Emerging applications of code similarity measurement concentrate on the development phase in addition to the maintenance.Comment: 49 pages, 10 figures, 6 table

    Eunomia: Enabling User-specified Fine-Grained Search in Symbolically Executing WebAssembly Binaries

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    Although existing techniques have proposed automated approaches to alleviate the path explosion problem of symbolic execution, users still need to optimize symbolic execution by applying various searching strategies carefully. As existing approaches mainly support only coarse-grained global searching strategies, they cannot efficiently traverse through complex code structures. In this paper, we propose Eunomia, a symbolic execution technique that allows users to specify local domain knowledge to enable fine-grained search. In Eunomia, we design an expressive DSL, Aes, that lets users precisely pinpoint local searching strategies to different parts of the target program. To further optimize local searching strategies, we design an interval-based algorithm that automatically isolates the context of variables for different local searching strategies, avoiding conflicts between local searching strategies for the same variable. We implement Eunomia as a symbolic execution platform targeting WebAssembly, which enables us to analyze applications written in various languages (like C and Go) but can be compiled into WebAssembly. To the best of our knowledge, Eunomia is the first symbolic execution engine that supports the full features of the WebAssembly runtime. We evaluate Eunomia with a dedicated microbenchmark suite for symbolic execution and six real-world applications. Our evaluation shows that Eunomia accelerates bug detection in real-world applications by up to three orders of magnitude. According to the results of a comprehensive user study, users can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of symbolic execution by writing a simple and intuitive Aes script. Besides verifying six known real-world bugs, Eunomia also detected two new zero-day bugs in a popular open-source project, Collections-C.Comment: Accepted by ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) 202

    Detecting Excessive Data Exposures in Web Server Responses with Metamorphic Fuzzing

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    APIs often transmit far more data to client applications than they need, and in the context of web applications, often do so over public channels. This issue, termed Excessive Data Exposure (EDE), was OWASP's third most significant API vulnerability of 2019. However, there are few automated tools -- either in research or industry -- to effectively find and remediate such issues. This is unsurprising as the problem lacks an explicit test oracle: the vulnerability does not manifest through explicit abnormal behaviours (e.g., program crashes or memory access violations). In this work, we develop a metamorphic relation to tackle that challenge and build the first fuzzing tool -- that we call EDEFuzz -- to systematically detect EDEs. EDEFuzz can significantly reduce false negatives that occur during manual inspection and ad-hoc text-matching techniques, the current most-used approaches. We tested EDEFuzz against the sixty-nine applicable targets from the Alexa Top-200 and found 33,365 potential leaks -- illustrating our tool's broad applicability and scalability. In a more-tightly controlled experiment of eight popular websites in Australia, EDEFuzz achieved a high true positive rate of 98.65% with minimal configuration, illustrating our tool's accuracy and efficiency
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