Interlingual Machine Translation

Interlingual is an artificial language used to represent the meaning of natural languages, as for purposes of machine translation. It is an intermediate form between two or more languages. Machine translation is the process of translating from source language text into the target language. This paper proposes a new model of machine translation system in which rule-based and example-based approaches are applied for English-to-Kannada/Telugu sentence translation. The proposed method has 4 steps: 1) analyze an English sentence into a string of grammatical nodes, based on Phrase Structure Grammar, 2) map the input pattern with a table of English-Kannada/Telugu sentence patterns, 3) look up the bilingual dictionary for the equivalent Kannada/Telugu words, reorder and then generate output sentences and 4) rank the possible combinations and eliminate the ambiguous output sentences by using a statistical method. The translated sentences will then be stored in a bilingual corpus to serve as a guide or template for imitating the translation, i.e., the example-based approach. The future work will focus on sentence translation by using semantic features to make a more precise translation

Orientalism and the puzzle of the Aryan invasion theory

The origin of the Aryan invasion theory (AIT) is generally located in the discovery of the Indo-European and Dravidian language families. However, these discoveries cannot account for the emergence of the AIT, because the postulation of the invasion preceded the linguistic research. In its search for an alternative account of the cognitive conditions under which this theory could come into being, this article illustrates a particular way of studying the intellectual history of Orientalism. The Orientalist discourse on India is approached as a body of reflections on the western cultural experience of India. This perspective brings us to the thesis that the pre-conditions for the emergence of the AIT lay in the postulation of two entities in the Orientalist discourse on India: the ‘Hindu religion’ and its ‘caste system’. Both these notions and the AIT appeared cogent and coherent to European minds, because they mirrored internal developments within European culture and its intellectual debates, which had given shape to Europe’s experience of India

Nlp Challenges for Machine Translation from English to Indian Languages

This Natural Langauge processing is carried particularly on English-Kannada/Telugu. Kannada is a language of India. The Kannada language has a classification of Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, and Kannada. Regions Spoken: Kannada is also spoken in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. Population: The total population of people who speak Kannada is 35,346,000, as of 1997. Alternate Name: Other names for Kannada are Kanarese, Canarese, Banglori, and Madrassi. Dialects: Some dialects of Kannada are Bijapur, Jeinu Kuruba, and Aine Kuruba. There are about 20 dialects and Badaga may be one. Kannada is the state language of Karnataka. About 9,000,000 people speak Kannada as a second language. The literacy rate for people who speak Kannada as a first language is about 60%, which is the same for those who speak Kannada as a second language (in India). Kannada was used in the Bible from 1831-2000. Statistical machine translation (SMT) is a machine translation paradigm where translations are generated on the basis of statistical models whose parameters are derived from the analysis of bilingual text corpora. The statistical approach contrasts with the rule-based approaches to machine translation as well as with example-based machine translatio

Subaltern experimental writing: Dalit literature in dialogue with the world

This essay analyses the experimental features of three contemporary novels produced by Dalits in relation to the novels’ approach to caste and national and international audiences. Bama’s Sangati (1994), Sharankumar Limbale’s Hindu (2003), and G. Kalyana Rao’s Untouchable Spring (2000) create fragmented, innovative, and complex narrative structures that are experimental both in their attempts to reflect oral narrative structures that validate the unique communal legacy of Dalit culture and their production of radically new narrative strategies that evoke a world free from caste discrimination. The essay also explores the novels’ complex positioning of multiple readers and the distinctive features of their English translations. The three translations re-code the texts for international consumption but simultaneously try to keep the novels somewhat “strange”; the translations, which attempt to replicate the novels’ innovative features, are also emphatically experimental

In conversation with Shyamala Gogu , Dalit feminist writer, Poet, and Activist

Shyamala Gogu is a Dalit feminist writer, poet, and Activist in Andhra Pradesh, India. She edited Nallapoddu:Dalitha Sthreela Sahityam 1921-2002 (Black Dawn: Dalit women's writings, 1921-2002). It was followed by Nallaregatisallu: Madiga Madiga Upakulala Aadolla Kathalu (Furrows in Black Soil: The Stories of Madiga and Madiga Subcaste women) in 2006. In 2011, She published a biography of one of Telangana's leading women dalit politicians, T.N. Sadalakshmi ( Nene Balanni, T.N. Sadalakshmi Bathuku Katha), based on a series of interviews with her (forthcoming from Navayana as The Last Place for a Dalit Women: The Life of T.N. Sadalakshmi, translated by Gita Ramaswamy). She is currently leading an Oxfam funded research project on domestic violence and dalit women

Chilukuri Bhuvaneswar (12 July 1951 – 23 July 2020)

OBITUARY: CHILUKURI BHUVANESWAR (12 JULY 1951 – 23 JULY 2020) AND HIS KA:RMIK LINGUISTIC THEORY IN PROVERBIOLOG