2,841,087 research outputs found
Artificial diagnosis of sensory taints due to brettanomyces spp. contamination in Valpolicella wines
Diagnosis and intervention to avoid Brett taints in the product can be a time-consuming task for the enologist in large production facilities and an instrumental and automated detection systems assisting the local expert technician would be desirable. This paper investigates whether electronic noses, which have been tested in other wine making and classification tasks, can be of use in detecting Brett taints in Valpolicella wines
Clinical Decision Diagnosis Support System for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practitioners in Lifestyle-related Diseases Management
Chronic diseases accounted for 60% of all deaths –
corresponding to a projected 36.65 million deaths worldwide in
2007. 2.8% of the world population suffers from diabetes
mellitus and it may cross 5.4% by the year 2025. Hypertension is
a major burden on health care. Prevalence of lifestyle-related
diseases increases. Low accessibility to and non-affordability of
orthodox medicine by rural dwellers and their need to keep
healthy to be economically productive have led to their
dependence on medicinal plants to remedy afflictions.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) attracts
patronage due to patients’ dissatisfaction with conventional
health care, a desire for treatment and care that work, good
relationship with practitioner, provision of information, a desire
for greater control over one’s health, and a desire for cultural and
philosophical congruence with personal beliefs about health and
illness. Medicinal plants’ threatened sustainability makes
adulteration and species’ substitutions reduce their efficacy,
quality and safety. It was found that CAM practitioners who
participated in this study relied heavily upon knowledge that had
'stood the test of time' (traditional theory and practice) and 'that
which worked' (experientially based knowledge) as the basis for
clinical decision-making. The safe, effective and efficient
delivery of client care is informed primarily by sound clinical
decision making. Body mass index (BMI) plays a significant role
in the process. Strategies that guide practitioners through the
process of decision making may not only foster professional
excellence in CAM practice, but also help to improve the quality
of client care. Clinical decision-making is a complex process that
is reliant on accurate and timely information. Clinicians are
dependent (or should be dependent) on massive amounts of
information and knowledge to make decisions that are in the best
interest of the patient. CAM practitioners of modern time need
currency and timeliness on computations of patients’ body mass
index, waist circumference and body shape combination;
product/therapy data on therapeutic efficacy; product quality and
safety; adverse reactions and herb-drug interactions. This paper
presents a clinical decision diagnosis system supporting CAM
practitioners to effectively treat emerging lifestyle-related
diseases with medicinal plants.
Keywords: body mass index, complementary and alternative
medicine, lifestyle-related diseases, medicinal plants, clinical
decision support syste
Warranted Diagnosis
A diagnostic process is an investigative process that takes a clinical picture as input and outputs a diagnosis. We propose a method for distinguishing diagnoses that are warranted from those that are not, based on the cognitive processes of which they are the outputs. Processes designed and vetted to reliably produce correct diagnoses will output what we shall call ‘warranted diagnoses’. The latter are diagnoses that should be trusted even if they later turn out to have been wrong. Our work is based on the recently developed Cognitive Process Ontology
and further develops the Ontology of General Medical Science. It also has applications in fields such as intelligence, forensics, and predictive maintenance, all of which rely on vetted processes designed to secure the reliability of their outputs
Diagnosis
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often confused with the clinical symptoms of other adult/pediatric medical conditions and neurological disorders. Since OSA affects all systems in the body, it is important to establish a correct diagnosis. The first step in the evaluation of a patient with a sleep disorder is to identify the primary symptom. A detailed history of the sleep and wakefulness cycles constitutes the second step. This is followed by the medical history of the patient; a list of previously used medications; family history; detailed information about school, work, family, and social life; and a physical exam of bodily systems. Relevant laboratory tests are performed for differential diagnosis. Polysomnography (PSG) is a golden standard diagnostic method that records electrophysiological signals used for sleep physiology and diseases. PSG is an indispensable method in the diagnosis of OSA
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Learning approximate diagnosis
Model-based diagnosis (MBD) provides several advantages over experiential rule-based systems. A principal shortcoming of MBD is that MBD learns nothing from any given example. An MBD system facing the same task a second time will incur the same computational effort as that incurred the first time. Our earlier work on incorporating explanation-based learning (EBL) in MBD [4] suggested a diagnostic architecture integrating EBL and MBD components. In this architecture, EBL was used to learn diagnostic rules. But the diagnoses proposed by the rules could be erroneous. So constraint suspension testing was used to check all proposed diagnoses. Insisting on perfect accuracy causes the performance of this scheme for "learning while doing" to deteriorate rapidly with the size of the device to be diagnosed. In this paper, we describe a method for trading off accuracy for efficiency. In this approach, most diagnosis problems are handled by the associational rules learned from previous problems. Model-based reasoning and learning are activated only when performance drops below a given threshold. We present empirical results on circuits of increasing number of components illustrating how this approach scales up
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Diagnosis of South Asia Specific Diseases
Asian StudiesHindi Urdu FlagshipSouth Asia Institut
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