LEVERAGING E-GOVERNMENT FOR CITY TRANSFORMATION: A CASE STUDY OF DIGITAL WUYI

Seeing the scarcity of successful e-government programs in developing countries while a high failure rate reported on the opposite, this study investigates the success of \u27Digital Wuyi\u27 program in China. This study exhibits its ten-year roadmap in which the e-government has been continuously upgraded at a municipal level, spanning from e-government infrastructure and platform development, community informatization with rural priority, e-commerce development for pillar industry, to Internet of Things development. Further, this study identifies the key success factors and reflects the corresponding practices that lead Wuyishan City to achieve the success in e-government development. We find that sustainable and dynamic strategic planning, mayor\u27s leadership with entrepreneurships spirits and action learning, public-private partnership and modular promotion contribute much to the success of this municipal e-government project in China. Implications of this study can be derived for the municipal government development in China and other developing countries

Environmental Information Disclosure in China : in the Era of Informatization and Big Data

The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up information are important conditions, China’s encounter with revolutionary Information and Communication Technological (ICT) advancement and rapidly emerging big data quickly changed China from an “information poor environment” to an “information complex environment.” While most previous studies centered on those drives/constraints that were recognized in established informational governance framework, recent advancement in ICTs and emerging big data posed new challenges, opportunities and research questions. When increasing information disclosure became a new game changer in environmental governance, China has had to cope with risks and pitfalls in a new technology-empowered information environment as well. This article updated previous studies on legislation/regulations/policies regarding environmental information disclosure in China and their implementation effectiveness, and paid special attention to China’s recent informatization progress and emerging big data. Information disclosure was treated as a process that includes data/information generation/collection, disclosure, functional pathways of communication, and direct/indirect impacts. Changes in environmental information disclosure should be understood in a broader context of overall changing environmental governance and informatization in China. It is important to understand ICTs and information disclosure as a double-edged sword. Normative, substantive, and instrumental benefits of disclosure as well as collection and reporting costs, the issue of targeted transparency, and the risk of unintended use should be strategically considered. Principles and guidelines need to be developed to avoid pitfalls while maximizing benefits.<br/

India and China: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Phones in Agriculture

In 2010, China and India were named the first and second largest mobile phone markets in the world based on their number of subscribers. India and China have focused on extending their telecommunication services into rural areas for socio-economic benefits. Both countries liberalized and privatized the industry under different political regimes utilizing different strategies. The aim of this thesis is to examine the collaborative efforts of public and private agencies in India and the role they do in disseminating information to farmers through mobile phones when compared to the government agencies in China that have been created to share that information in order to determine which program is more effective. To answer this question, the thesis compares Indian and Chinese policies and programs enacted to encourage sales and use of mobile phones in the agricultural sector to increase efficiency and encourage growth. As free market principles and private for-profit corporations are generally more efficient than government agencies, this thesis hypothesizes that the policies and development initiatives taken by the Indian government are more successful in disseminating information than the government agency approach followed by China. In response to the above research question, the thesis reveals that while the mobile phone agricultural information service programs have been successful in their respective countries, the programs in India are more reliable and faster in disseminating information to farmers. This is determined because the number of subscribers in India's mobile phone agricultural information service programs grew 37.47% in 4 years, from 2008-2012, versus subscribers to China's agricultural information service programs that grew 21.1% from 2007-2010

Strategic Landscape, 2050: Preparing the U.S. Military for New Era Dynamics

A series of megatrends will present a major challenge to the United States in the coming decades, exposing it to crises and opportunities on the battlefield and in the market. The U.S. military should stand ready to harness these dynamics to retain its edge in an operational environment marked by increased complexity, speed, and intensity of global developments.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1405/thumbnail.jp

Globalization and E-Commerce I: Factors Affecting E-Commerce Diffusion in China

China is a large economy with a large absolute gross domestic product (GDP.)However, its huge population brings its GDP and wealth level per capita way below developed countries and in-line with many developing countries. Between 1900 and 2001, China\u27s economy experienced rapid growth (7-8% on average) as did its telecommunications, information technology (IT) and Internet infrastructures (50% - 200% on average). Its large population brings the penetration rates of these infrastructures way below developed countries and a little higher than many developing countries. China\u27s infrastructure is characterized by disparities among geographic areas, demographics, and firm size. Large cities and economically advanced coastal provinces enjoy much better infrastructure and many more Internet users than remote and economically poorer provinces. Large enterprises have bigger IT budgets and better-trained staffs than small- and medium-sized enterprises. A younger population with higher education is more likely to adopt Internet and e-commerce. The infrastructure disparity leads to e-commerce diffusion disparity. Current e-commerce activities are concentrated in large cities, coastal provinces, large enterprises, and among well-educated young people. The legal environment for e-commerce is better in large cities and coastal provinces because they publish local laws regarding e-commerce and IT infrastructure. Barriers to e-commerce diffusion include poor technical infrastructure, lack of security, lack of a system to monitor and guarantee buyer and seller credibility, and an inefficient delivery system. The lack of a credibility monitoring system extends to both vendors and individual consumers. Taxation and privacy, which are vital to e-commerce diffusion in many other countries, do not appear to be serious concerns yet. However, content censorship is among the top concerns. The most significant driving forces are government promotion and private entrepreneurial desire to make profits. Government initiatives include general promotion of the IT industry, an industrial and regulatory policy to foster competition among service providers, encouragement of E-government, and sponsorship of projects to mobilize public awareness, such as the Enterprise Online Project and Home Online Project . The poor infrastructure for e-commerce in China pulled e-commerce back to a base building stage after an initial explosive stage. Significant diffusion can only occur after a solid infrastructure is built up, including the technical and legal infrastructure. Two examples, an E-store for residents in a local living complex and the E-system for college admissions, demonstrate e-commerce models unique in China

Strategic Posturing of China in IOR: Implications for Regional Peace and Stability

China has been working on a modernization plan for its military. Particularly, the People’s Liberation Army-Navy (PLAN) has been the focus of modernization due to China’s seaward economic growth and development for protecting its maritime economic interests. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an example of strategic envisioning which has multiple facades besides dividends. Since China has a massive trade volume transiting Indian Ocean Region, PLAN has increased engagement in this region. Its modernization including its naval capabilities, surface and underwater vessels, unmanned maritime vehicles (UMVs), acoustic systems for information, and other technological advancements has made China’s strategic posture in IOR dynamic and is threatening India’s intrinsic naval supremacy in the region with certain implications over regional peace and stability. This is exploratory research conducted to determine the nature of naval competition and the resulting balance of power to identify implications for regional peace and stability

Non-Combat Operations of China\u27s Armed Forces in the 21st Century : Historical Development, Current Drivers and Implications for Military Projection

This thesis examines the twenty-first century non-combat activities of China\u27s armed forces as defined in a 2009 official release titled Building Non-Combat Military Operation Ability in order to understand the historical development, domestic drivers and broader implications of China\u27s contemporary non-combat missions. The paper focuses primarily on disaster relief and domestic stability maintenance, two types of operations that are ideal for examining how the internal drivers of non-combat missions are manifested in practice. Both Chinese and Western PLA analysts frequently view non-combat activities primarily as a component of China\u27s growing international military presence rather than analyzing the domestic scope and causes of these operations. Indeed, participation in international non-combat missions allows China\u27s armed forces to achieve unprecedented operational experience outside of China\u27s immediate periphery and has also helped enhance China\u27s international soft power. This thesis, however, demonstrates that People\u27s Liberation Army (PLA) and People\u27s Armed Police (PAP) twenty-first century non-combat missions are chiefly designed to achieve domestic goals. These include maintaining regime stability, balancing complex civil-military relations, and preserving the PLA\u27s image as an army serving the people amid complex internal and external national security environments. I argue that an outward-looking approach focused on the international ramifications of PLA and PAP non-combat operations is insufficient to fully understand these missions, and it can potentially distort our view of China\u27s broader military development. As vital conduits for bolstering CCP regime stability, Chinese civil-military relations and the PLA\u27s image as a people-centric force, China\u27s twenty-first century domestic non-combat operations, driven by internal security challenges arising from socioeconomic, military and historical developments in post-reform China, will likely continue to grow in importance and scope as these trends persist and intensify, thereby ensuring that the military retains a prominent role in China. As a result, twenty-first century non-combat operations have the potential to impede outward Chinese military development rather than simply expand Chinese interests abroad as more resources are needed to pursue internal security objectives

Geo-management in organic agriculture

Information about authors of the monograph Editors: Skrypchuk P., Doctor of Economics, professor, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, head of NGO «Green Initiatives Rivne», Ukraine, chapter 1.3., 2.1., 2.2., 5.1.; Jozef Zaťko, Dr.h.c. mult. JUDr., Honor. Prof. mult., Prezident ICOCRIM SlovakBureau,Riaditeľ Východoeurópskej agentúry pre rozvoj n.o., Prezident Európsky inštitút ďalšieho vzdelávania, Slovakia, chapter 1.2.; 1. Baldzhy M., Doctor of Economics, professor, Odesa National Economic University, Odesa, Ukraine, chapter 2.2; 2. Breus D., Ph.D. in Agriculture, assistant, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 2.3.; 3. Dudiak N., Ph.D. in Economics, associate professor, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 2.3.; 4. Grabovska T., PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine, chapter 3.1.; 5. Khomiuk N., PhD in Economics, Doctoral Student of the Department of International Economic Relations and Project Management,Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, chapter 5.2.; 6. Lavrov V., Doctor of Agriculture, professor, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine, chapter 3.1.; 7. Novytska I., post-graduate student, Poltava National Technical University named after Yurii Kondratiuk, Poltava, Ukraine, chapter 3.3.; 8. Panasiuk Damian, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Warsaw,Poland, chapter 5.1.; 9. Pichura V., Doctor of Agriculture, associate professor, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 2.3.; 10. Potravka L., Doctor of Economics, associate professor, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 2.3.; 11. Rybak V., PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Khmelnystkyi national university, Khmelnystkyi, Ukraine, chapter 2.1.; 12. Shcherbakova A., PhD in Economics, associate professor, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, co-founder of NGO "Green Initiatives Rivne», Ukraine, chapter 1.1.; 13. Shevchuk N., PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Khmelnystkyi national university, Khmelnystkyi, Ukraine, chapter 6.3.; 14. Shpak G., Ph.D. in Economics, senior lecturer, Technical College of National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, chapter 6.1, 6.2.; 15. Skok S., Ph.D. in Agriculture, associate professor, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 5.3.; 16. Skrypchuk V., student, Matea Bela University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, chapter 1.2.; 17. Stroganov O., graduate student, Kherson State Agrarian University, Kherson, Ukraine, chapter 2.3.; 18. Suduk O., PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, co-founder of NGO "Green Initiatives Rivne», Ukraine, chapter 4; 19. Ternowyi U. PhD in Agriculture, Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production of Institute of Agroecology and Nature Resources Use of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Skvyra, Ukraine, chapter 3.1.; 20. TiutiunnykH., Ph.D. in Economics, Junior Research Fellow, Institute of Market Problems and Economic&EcologicalResearch of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, chapter 3.2.; 21. Trembitska O., PhD in Agriculture, associate professor, Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, chapter 6.3. 22. Trokhliuk T., Ph.D. in Economics, senior lecturer, Berezno Forestry College of National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, chapter 6.1.; 23. Zhukovskyi V., PhD in Technical sciences, senior lecturer, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, chapter 2.4