A fuzzy dynamic inoperability input-output model for strategic risk management in global production networks

Strategic decision making in Global Production Networks (GPNs) is quite challenging, especially due to the unavailability of precise quantitative knowledge, variety of relevant risk factors that need to be considered and the interdependencies that can exist between multiple partners across the globe. In this paper, a risk evaluation method for GPNs based on a novel Fuzzy Dynamic Inoperability Input Output Model (Fuzzy DIIM) is proposed. A fuzzy multi-criteria approach is developed to determine interdependencies between nodes in a GPN using experts’ knowledge. An efficient and accurate method based on fuzzy interval calculus in the Fuzzy DIIM is proposed. The risk evaluation method takes into account various risk scenarios relevant to the GPN and likelihoods of their occurrences. A case of beverage production from food industry is used to showcase the application of the proposed risk evaluation method. It is demonstrated how it can be used for GPN strategic decision making. The impact of risk on inoperability of alternative GPN configurations considering different risk scenarios is analysed

Tedarik zinciri risklerinin işletme performansına etkisi : otomotiv yan sanayisinde bir uygulama

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Teknolojide meydana gelen gelişmeler mal ve hizmetlerin küresel alana yayılmasını sağlamış, pazarlarının giderek daha dinamik bir hal almasına sebep olmuştur. Sanayileşmenin 19. yüzyılda ortaya çıkması ve gün geçtikçe hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesi, üretim tekniklerinin çok hızlı değişip gelişmesine, toplumsal gereksinimlerin artmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu ise tedarik zinciri yönetiminin önemini artırmıştır. Diğer yandan tedarik zincirinde meydana gelen olumsuz bir olay (makina arızası, iş gücü yetersizliği, eksik malzeme, ürünün dağıtımındaki gecikmeler, vs.) tüm tedarik zincirinin performansını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu bu olaylardan herhangi birisiyle karşılaşılması durumunda tedarik zincirinde risk sorununu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Risk; genellikle istenmeyen, olumsuz bir durum olarak ifade edilmektedir. Fakat başarılı bir şekilde yönetildiğinde kârlılık arttırıcı bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Bu kapsamda, tedarik zinciri performansını değerlendirirken tedarik zinciri risklerini belirlemek ve belirlenen risklerin sürekli izlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın dört amacı bulunmaktadır. Birinci amacı tedarik zincirinde risklerin nelerden oluştuğunu tespit etmektir. İkinci amacı algılanan risk düzeyleri ile bu risklerin işletme performansı üzerindeki etkisi arasında bir farkın olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Üçüncü amacı, çevresel risk, ekonomik risk, güvenlik riski ve tedarikçi riskinin operasyonel risk üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmanın son amacı ise risk azaltma stratejileri arasında yer alan süreç yönetimi ve tedarikçi ilişkilerinin operasyonel risk ve tedarikçi riski üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışma için veriler Taşıt Araçları Yan Sanayiciler Derneği (TAYSAD) üyesi olan ve Bursa Nilüfer Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde (NOSAB) faaliyet gösteren 106 otomotiv yan sanayisi işletmesinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak ve bu işletmelerin yöneticileriyle yüz yüze görüşülmek suretiyle toplanmıştır. Bulgular, tedarikçi riski (zamanında teslim ve istenilen miktarda teslim), operasyonel risk (sistemin durması, stok ve planlama riski), güvenlik riski (terörist faaliyet riski, yangın riski ve doğal afet riski) ve çevresel risklerin (finansal risk, talep riski) algılanan düzeyleri ile bunların işletme performansı üzerindeki etkileri arasında önemli düzeyde bir fark olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca çevresel risk, ekonomik risk ve tedarikçi riskinin operasyonel riskle pozitif yönde bir ilişkisi varken güvenlik riskinin operasyonel riskle bir ilişkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise süreç yönetimi ile iyi tedarikçi ilişkilerinin operasyonel ve tedarikçi riskini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir.Technological developments have provided the spread of goods and services to the global areas and gradually made the markets more dynamic. The emergence of the industrialization in 19th century and its rapid development has caused very quick changes and development in the production techniques and increase in social needs. This, on the other hand, has increased the importance of supply chain management. Within this framework, a negative event occurring in the supply chain (machine failure, insufficient labor force, delays in the distribution of the product etc.) may affect the performance of all supply chain. Therefore, the risk arises in the supply chain in case of facing such events. The risk is expressed generally as an undesirable, negative condition. However, if it is managed successfully, it may be used as a tool to increase profit. In this scope, when assessing the performance of the supply chain, the identification of the supply chain risks and tracking them continuously become crucial. There are four purposes of this study. The first is to put forth the composition of risks. The second is to determine if there is a significant difference between the level of perceived risk and the effects of these risks in the business performance. The third is to identify if there is an impact of environmental risk, economic risk, and security risk and supplier risks on the operational risk. And finally, the last objective is to determine whether there is an impact of process management and supplier relations, which are considered as risk-reducing strategies, on the operational and supplier risks. For this study, data was collected from 106 firms operating in the automotive sector which are members of Association of Automotive Parts and Components Manufacturers (TAYSAD) and which are operating in Bursa Nilüfer Organized Industrial Zone (NOSAB) by utilizing convenience sampling method and by having face-to-face interviews. Findings show that there is a significant difference between the perceived levels of supplier risk (delivery on time and delivery by the quantity requested), operational risk (system disruption, inventory, and planning risk), security risk (risk of terrorist activities, risk of fire and risk of act of god) and environmental risks (financial risk, demand risk) and their impact on the business performance. In addition, it is determined that economic risk, security risk, and supplier risk influences the operational risk. Another finding of this study is that good supplier relations and process management reduce the operational and supplier risk

An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Chilled Food Industry

With the advent of Industry 4.0, many new approaches towards process monitoring, benchmarking and traceability are becoming available, and these techniques have the potential to radically transform the agri-food sector. In particular, the chilled food supply chain (CFSC) contains a number of unique challenges by virtue of it being thought of as a temperature controlled supply chain. Therefore, once the key issues affecting the CFSC have been identified, algorithms can be proposed, which would allow realistic thresholds to be established for managing these problems on the micro, meso and macro scales. Hence, a study is required into factors affecting the CFSC within the scope of Industry 4.0. The study itself has been broken down into four main topics: identifying the key issues within the CFSC; implementing a philosophy of continuous improvement within the CFSC; identifying uncertainty within the CFSC; improving and measuring the performance of the supply chain. However, as a consequence of this study two further topics were added: a discussion of some of the issues surrounding information sharing between retailers and suppliers; some of the wider issues affecting food losses and wastage (FLW) on the micro, meso and macro scales. A hybrid algorithm is developed, which incorporates the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) for qualitative issues and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for quantitative issues. The hybrid algorithm itself is a development of the internal auditing algorithm proposed by Sueyoshi et al (2009), which in turn was developed following corporate scandals such as Tyco, Enron, and WorldCom, which have led to a decline in public trust. However, the advantage of the proposed solution is that all of the key issues within the CFSC identified can be managed from a single computer terminal, whilst the risk of food contamination such as the 2013 horsemeat scandal can be avoided via improved traceability