Perancangan Sistem Keamanan Pintar Kamera Night Vision Auto Color berbasis Raspberry PI

In the rapid development of technology, there is a high crime rate. Therefore becomes very important. Many efforts can be made to secure a place and room, such as installing a security lock on the door or using a CCTV camera. But this is not enough to prevent crime from happening. Night Vision is the ability to see either in a biological or technological sense in a dark environment. Night vision capability can be achieved using two approaches, namely increasing the visible spectrum of the wave spectrum or increasing the ability to see low light intensities. Night vision has advantages and disadvantages, especially in conditions of very low light intensity. This technology has developed from time to time such as, there is the camera that uses sophisticated and modern electronic systems. Therefore, in this study, modern technology was designed with a smart security system that can be used to maintain home security or hunt at night

Development of ADOCS controllers and control laws. Volume 2: Literature review and preliminary analysis

The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstrator aircraft which will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase as a function of ACAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Findings from the literature review and the analysis and synthesis of desired control laws are reported in Volume 2. Conclusions drawn from pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft

Development of ADOCS controllers and control laws. Volume 3: Simulation results and recommendations

The Advanced Cockpit Controls/Advanced Flight Control System (ACC/AFCS) study was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company as part of the Army's Advanced Digital/Optical Control System (ADOCS) program. Specifically, the ACC/AFCS investigation was aimed at developing the flight control laws for the ADOCS demonstator aircraft which will provide satisfactory handling qualities for an attack helicopter mission. The three major elements of design considered are as follows: Pilot's integrated Side-Stick Controller (SSC) -- Number of axes controlled; force/displacement characteristics; ergonomic design. Stability and Control Augmentation System (SCAS)--Digital flight control laws for the various mission phases; SCAS mode switching logic. Pilot's Displays--For night/adverse weather conditions, the dynamics of the superimposed symbology presented to the pilot in a format similar to the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Pilot Night Vision System (PNVS) for each mission phase is a function of SCAS characteristics; display mode switching logic. Results of the five piloted simulations conducted at the Boeing Vertol and NASA-Ames simulation facilities are presented in Volume 3. Conclusions drawn from analysis of pilot rating data and commentary were used to formulate recommendations for the ADOCS demonstrator flight control system design. The ACC/AFCS simulation data also provide an extensive data base to aid the development of advanced flight control system design for future V/STOL aircraft

Infrared Technologies for Defence Systems

 Infrared technology has seen phenomenal growth since its inception during World War II. Defence applications have been the main driver of infrared technology development all over the world. Infrared systems have been mainly developed for night vision, all weather surveillance, search and tracking and missile seeker applications. Ever demanding defence system requirements have facilitated considerable investment. Research has been mainly directed towards the product development. Medical applications such as thermographs, transportation applications such as enhanced vision systems for airplanes, helicopters, sea vehicles, and automobiles, law enforcement applications in drug prevention and criminal tracking, managing forest fires and environmental monitoring are some of the spin-offs. Infrared technology has proven to be a force multiplier in war as well as low intensity conflict situation. Intelligent vision sensor development covering visible-infrared spectrum for automated surveillance, change detection, 3D machine vision systems, dynamic particle metrology, missile and ballistic testing/imaging, faster, more precise and more manoeuvrable robotic applications will drive the future research

Helmet-mounted pilot night vision systems: Human factors issues

Helmet-mounted displays of infrared imagery (forward-looking infrared (FLIR)) allow helicopter pilots to perform low level missions at night and in low visibility. However, pilots experience high visual and cognitive workload during these missions, and their performance capabilities may be reduced. Human factors problems inherent in existing systems stem from three primary sources: the nature of thermal imagery; the characteristics of specific FLIR systems; and the difficulty of using FLIR system for flying and/or visually acquiring and tracking objects in the environment. The pilot night vision system (PNVS) in the Apache AH-64 provides a monochrome, 30 by 40 deg helmet-mounted display of infrared imagery. Thermal imagery is inferior to television imagery in both resolution and contrast ratio. Gray shades represent temperatures differences rather than brightness variability, and images undergo significant changes over time. The limited field of view, displacement of the sensor from the pilot's eye position, and monocular presentation of a bright FLIR image (while the other eye remains dark-adapted) are all potential sources of disorientation, limitations in depth and distance estimation, sensations of apparent motion, and difficulties in target and obstacle detection. Insufficient information about human perceptual and performance limitations restrains the ability of human factors specialists to provide significantly improved specifications, training programs, or alternative designs. Additional research is required to determine the most critical problem areas and to propose solutions that consider the human as well as the development of technology

Development of real-time onion disease monitoring system using machine vision

Background: To provide optimum environmental condition agricultural crops, it is necessary to environmental monitoring of continuous crops. Especially, it needs to minimize that effect of crops to disease manifestation by real-time monitoring. Therefore, the purpose is development of machine vision system for disease monitoring of crops. Methods: In this study, machine vision system consisted of infrared floodlight camera, servo motor and lifting device. The infrared floodlight camera contains intelligent video analytic function, automatic sound alarm, after recorded image function. In addition, this camera designed that enable to rotate 360 degrees for monitoring all around environment. Servo motor system is installed stand for position controller. Lifting device is available for moving the camera up and down. Results & discussion: Image of crops was difference between disease crops and without disease crops. Therefore, it is possible to detection disease using a machine vision system. The results of this study showed that developed environment monitoring system using machine vision is feasible as real-time measurement by measurement condition such as day/night, and measuring point

Vitamin a and the nervous system

Vitamin A is essential for the early development and normal functioning of the brain throughout life. A deficiency of vitamin A is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and subclinical deficiency is probably present worldwide. The main active molecule in vitamin A is retinoic acid, which is involved in vision, the immune system, skin health, olfaction and cognition (learning, memory, spatial functions, olfaction, etc.) through processes of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Vitamin A is involved in the regulation of about one-sixth of the human genome. It has non-genomic actions in protein translation and paracrine actions. Retinal vitamin A aldehyde is crucial for day and night vision. The best-known manifestation of hypovitaminosis A is night blindness but in more severe cases, it causes blindness. In the hypothalamus, vitamin A, with information from the retina, acts in circadian and seasonal regulation. Increased retinoic acid levels in the blood are associated with increased risk of depression, and lower levels have been connected with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, autistic spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Higher doses and longer periods of treatment pose the threat of hypervitaminosis A. Vitamin A and its analogs are a promising new class of therapeutic agents in a wide spectrum of disorders, albeit with a narrow therapeutic window

Infrared Imaging Sharpens View in Critical Situations

Innovative Engineering and Consulting (IEC) Infrared Systems, a leading developer of thermal imaging systems and night vision equipment, received a Glenn Alliance for Technology Exchange (GATE) award, half of which was in the form of additional NASA assistance for new product development. IEC Infrared Systems worked with electrical and optical engineers from Glenn's Diagnostics and Data Systems Branch to develop a commercial infrared imaging system that could differentiate the intensity of heat sources better than other commercial systems. The research resulted in two major thermal imaging solutions: NightStalkIR and IntrudIR Alert. These systems are being used in the United States and abroad to help locate personnel stranded in emergency situations, defend soldiers on the battlefield abroad, and protect high-value facilities and operations. The company is also applying its advanced thermal imaging techniques to medical and pharmaceutical product development with a Cleveland-based pharmaceutical company

Neurons against Noise : Neural adaptations for dim light vision in hawkmoths

All animals perceive the world through their senses, which form the basis for their decisions and motor actions. However, when these all-important senses reach their limit and cease to provide reliable information, the animal’s survival is threatened. Among the senses, vision is brought to its limits on a daily basis, because its signal strength is diminished as night falls, and increases again as the sun rises. In this thesis, I investigated adaptations that enable the visual system of hawkmoths, a group of insects, to cope with the low light intensities they face at night. I have focused on neural adaptations, manifested in the processing of visual neurons, in contrast to anatomical adaptations, such as modifications of the eye. I showed that neural adaptations exist in the motion vision system of hawkmoths, in the form of integration of visual information in space and time. Furthermore, I demonstrated that a combination of such spatial and temporal summation increased sensitivity and information content in dim light (Paper I). The amount of spatial and temporal summation matched the ecological needs of different hawkmoth species, as well as their anatomical adaptations for visual sensitivity: night active species, and species with less sensitive eyes had more extensive spatial and temporal summation than day-active species and species with very sensitive optics (Paper II). Furthermore, I identified and characterised candidate neurons that carry out spatial and temporal summation in the brain of hawkmoths (Paper III). Finally, I quantified the effects of temporal summation on the ability of hawkmoths to track flowers in hovering flight at different light levels, and showed that a subset of the observed behavioural phenomena could be explained by temporal processing in the nervous system (Paper IV). Taken together, this work has provided detailed insight into how neural processing can increase visual reliability in dim light. The results presented are not only relevant to hawkmoths, since neural summation is also expected to increase visual sensitivity in other species of nocturnal insects, and can be compared to similar mechanisms in vertebrates. Furthermore, this work is instructive for the development of artificial visual systems, for which insect brains have proven to be a successful biomimetic model