13,903 research outputs found
Washington START Transportation Model
The document describes the Washington START transportation simulation model. In particular, it provides information about the model structure, the equilibrium concept, and the data used to calibrate the model. It also briefly describes the reference scenario and the elasticity analysis. Finally, the document discusses past and potential future applications and possible directions for model extensions.transportation simulation, policy analysis, general equilibrium, travel demand, transportation network, mode of transportation
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Social Equity Impacts of Congestion Management Strategies
This white paper examines the social equity impacts of various congestion management strategies. The paper includes a comprehensive list of 30 congestion management strategies and a discussion of equity implications related to each strategy. The authors analyze existing literature and incorporate findings from 12 expert interviews from academic, non-governmental organization (NGO), public, and private sector respondents to strengthen results and fill gaps in understanding. The literature review applies the Spatial â Temporal â Economic â Physiological â Social (STEPS) Equity Framework (Shaheen et al., 2017) to identify impacts and classify whether social equity barriers are reduced, exacerbated, or both by a particular congestion mitigation measure. The congestion management strategies discussed are grouped into six main categories, including: 1) pricing, 2) parking and curb policies, 3) operational strategies, 4) infrastructure changes, 5) transportation services and strategies, and 6) conventional taxation. The findings show that the social equity impacts of certain congestion management strategies are not well understood, at present, and further empirical research is needed. Congestion mitigation measures have the potential to affect travel costs, commute times, housing, and accessibility in ways that are distinctly positive or negative for different populations. For these reasons, social equity implications of congestion management strategies should be understood and mitigated for in planning and implementation of these strategies
Carbon Free Boston: Transportation Technical Report
Part of a series of reports that includes:
Carbon Free Boston: Summary Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Social Equity Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Technical Summary;
Carbon Free Boston: Buildings Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Waste Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Energy Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Offsets Technical ReportOVERVIEW:
Transportation connects Bostonâs workers, residents and tourists to their livelihoods, health care, education,
recreation, culture, and other aspects of life quality. In cities, transit access is a critical factor determining
upward mobility. Yet many urban transportation systems, including Bostonâs, underserve some populations
along one or more of those dimensions. Boston has the opportunity and means to expand mobility access to
all residents, and at the same time reduce GHG emissions from transportation. This requires the
transformation of the automobile-centric system that is fueled predominantly by gasoline and diesel fuel.
The near elimination of fossil fuelsâcombined with more transit, walking, and bikingâwill curtail air
pollution and crashes, and dramatically reduce the public health impact of transportation. The City embarks
on this transition from a position of strength. Boston is consistently ranked as one of the most walkable and
bikeable cities in the nation, and one in three commuters already take public transportation.
There are three general strategies to reaching a carbon-neutral transportation system:
âą Shift trips out of automobiles to transit, biking, and walking;1
âą Reduce automobile trips via land use planning that encourages denser development and affordable
housing in transit-rich neighborhoods;
âą Shift most automobiles, trucks, buses, and trains to zero-GHG electricity.
Even with Bostonâs strong transit foundation, a carbon-neutral transportation system requires a wholesale
change in Bostonâs transportation culture. Success depends on the intelligent adoption of new technologies,
influencing behavior with strong, equitable, and clearly articulated planning and investment, and effective
collaboration with state and regional partners.Published versio
Towards Sustainable Mobility Indicators: Application to the Lyons Conurbation
This paper applies the theme of sustainable development to the case of urban transport and daily mobility of the inhabitants of a city. A set of indicators which simultaneously takes the three dimensions of sustainabilityââenvironmental, economic, and socialââinto account is suggested. We present here the results of exploratory research funded by Renault Automobile Manufacturers, carried out to verify the feasibility and the usefulness of elaborating such sustainable mobility indicators. Values of the economics, environmental and social indicators are presented for the Lyons case. These estimations are mainly based on the household travel survey held in this city in 1994â1995. In the end, this set of indicators should allow the comparison of different urban transport strategies within an urban area, but also between different urban contexts, and through time. The conditions of generalization of these measurements of indicators are then discussed.Trip distance ; Daily mobility ; Sustainability indicators ; Household travel survey ; Methodology ; Pollutant emissions ; Expenditures ; Global costs
Predicting space occupancy for street paid parking
This dissertation discusses how to develop a prediction method for on-street parking
space availability, using only historical occupancy data collected from on-street multi-space
parking meters.
It is analyzed how to transform the raw data into a dataset representing the occupancy and
how can this information be used to detect when the parking spaces on a street are Vacant
or Full. Attributes like weather conditions and holidays are added to the data, giving them
more context and comprehension.
After the data preparation and analysis, a prediction model is developed using machinelearning techniques that can forecast the availability of the parking spaces on a street at a
specific day and on a given moment.
For that, a classification method is implemented based on decision trees and neural
networks, comparing both methods regarding results and development time. Particular
attention is given to the algorithm parameters, to achieve the right balance between accuracy
and computational time.
The developed model proved effective, correctly capturing the different behavior of each
street through the different weeks, and returning results useful to drivers searching for
parking and to the business owners while monitoring their parking investments and returns.Esta dissertação apresenta como pode ser desenvolvido um método para previsão de
disponibilidade de lugares de estacionamento em rua, utilizando dados histĂłricos obtidos
atravĂ©s de parquĂmetros de controlo a mĂșltiplos lugares.
Ă analisado como os dados em bruto dos parquĂmetros podem ser transformados num
conjunto de dados que represente qual a ocupação dos lugares, e posteriormente como esta
informação pode ser utilizada para detetar se o estacionamento em uma rua estå livre ou
ocupado. São adicionados também mais alguns atributos, como por exemplo informação
sobre as condiçÔes meteorológicas ou que dias são feriados, dando mais algum contexto e
compreensão à informação jå existente.
Após a preparação e anålise dos dados, é desenvolvido um método de previsão utilizando
tĂ©cnicas de aprendizagem automĂĄtica de modo a que seja possĂvel saber qual a
disponibilidade de estacionamento em uma rua, a um dia especĂfico e a um determinado
momento.
Para isso, foi implementado um método de classificação baseado em årvores de decisão
e redes neuronais, comparando ambos os métodos do ponto de vista dos resultados e do
tempo de desenvolvimento. Foi dada especial atenção aos parùmetros utilizados em cada
algoritmo, de modo a que haja um balanço entre a precisão e tempo de computação.
O modelo desenvolvido mostrou ser eficaz, captando corretamente o comportamento de
cada rua nas diferentes semanas, devolvendo resultados uteis aos condutores que procurem
lugares de estacionamento e aos proprietĂĄrios do negĂłcio por lhes permitir monitorizar o
desempenho dos seus investimentos em parques de estacionamento e qual o retorno
Congestion Pricing: Long-Term Economic and Land-Use Effects
We employ a spatially disaggregated general equilibrium model of a regional economy that incorporates decisions of residents, firms, and developers integrated with a spatially disaggregated strategic transportation planning (START) model that features mode, time period, and route choice to evaluate economic effects of congestion pricing. First, we evaluate the long-run effects of a road-pricing policy based on the integrated model of land use, strategic transport, and regional economy (LUSTRE) and compare them with the short-term effects obtained from the START model alone. We then look at distributional effects of the policy in question and point out differences and similarities in the short run versus the long run. Finally, we analyze the mechanisms at the source of the economic and land-use effects induced by the road-pricing policy.traffic congestion, welfare analysis, CGE modeling, cordon tolls, distributional effects
Housing and Mobility Toolkit for San Mateo County
Since the end of the Great Recession, San Mateo County has attracted new workers at a record rate without building anywhere near enough housing. This jobs-housing imbalance drives the cost of housing up and forces many moderate and lower-income employees and their families out of the County. A lack of access to quality affordable housing in the County and the entire Bay Area along with limited transportation options means that an increased number of employees drive in and out of the County every workday. The resultant congestion, gridlock, and long commutes along with other negative environmental, social, and economic impacts create a major concern for communities in the County and beyond. Clearly, this problem has two distinct but interrelated dimensions: housing development and transportation planning. A select group of Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) Research Associates worked closely with representatives from the San Mateo County Home for All initiative to help address this challenge by developing a toolkit of successful case studies with a holistic approach to housing development and transportation planning
The integrated dynamic land use and transport model MARS
Cities worldwide face problems like congestion or outward migration of businesses. The involved transport and land use interactions require innovative tools. The dynamic Land Use and Transport Interaction model MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator) is part of a structured decision making process. Cities are seen as self organizing systems. MARS uses Causal Loop Diagrams from Systems Dynamics to explain cause and effect relations. MARS has been benchmarked against other published models. A user friendly interface has been developed to support decision makers. Its usefulness was tested through workshops in Asia. This paper describes the basis, capabilities and uses of MARS
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