A STUDY OF ACCULTURATION IN CHINESE-MONGOLIAN \u3cem\u3eER’RENTAI\u3c/em\u3e FOLK OPERA

Er’rentai, or Mongolian dance and song duets, is a genre of folk opera in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Er’rentai performances can be categorized into two styles—the “western-style” and the “eastern-style.” The aim of this thesis is to explore the acculturation in Chinese-Mongolian er’rentai genre in the following ways. First, I address the historical background of the western-style er’rentai. Then, I draw on fieldwork with Huo Banzhu, a famous er’rentai musician, to introduce contemporary state of er’rentai\u27s development. Finally, I employ musical analysis to demonstrate the borrowings of Mongolian music and culture in the formation and transmission of Chinese-Mongolian er’rentai

New Representations of the “Golden Lineage”: The Mongolian Folk Rock of Altan Urag

This project will examine the ways in which the self-proclaimed Mongolian “folk rock” band, Altan Urag, combines elements of both traditional Mongolian and Western music and culture in order to recast and recreate Mongolian tradition. These new representations of Mongolian tradition occur within the context of a young and rapidly developing democratic nation which looks both deeply into its own past to construct a strong national sense of identity and looks increasingly outward to the international community with aspirations of establishing itself as a recognized and respected member of that community. Altan Urag’s new representations of Mongolian national heritage are both audial and visual in nature, and occur in live performance, album packaging, and digital mediums. Accordingly, this investigation will use data from all three mediums, as well as personal interviews with the band members and with persons related in various capacities to the band. In order to analyze these diverse data, both musical and sociological analytical methods will be used. The result will be a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between Mongolian tradition and Western ideas in the music of Altan Urag on all levels of musical experience

Digital libraries and minority languages

Digital libraries have a pivotal role to play in the preservation and maintenance of international cultures in general and minority languages in particular. This paper outlines a software tool for building digital libraries that is well adapted for creating and distributing local information collections in minority languages, and describes some contexts in which it is used. The system can make multilingual documents available in structured collections and allows them to be accessed via multilingual interfaces. It is issued under a free open-source licence, which encourages participatory design of the software, and an end-user interface allows community-based localization of the various language interfaces - of which there are many

Chinese and Western elements in contemporary Chinese composer Zhou Long’s works for solo piano Mongolian Folk-Tune Variations, Wu Kui, and Pianogongs

Zhou Long is a Chinese American composer who strives to combine traditional Chinese musical techniques with modern Western compositional ideas. His three piano pieces, "Mongolian Folk-Tune Variations", "Wu Kui", and "Pianogongs" each display his synthesis of Eastern and Western techniques. A brief cultural, social and political review of China throughout Zhou Long's upbringing will provide readers with a historical perspective on the influence of Chinese culture on his works. Study of "Mongolian Folk-Tune Variations" will reveal the composers early attempts at Western structure and harmonic ideas. "Wu Kui" provides evidence of the composer's desire to integrate Chinese cultural ideas with modern and dissonant harmony. Finally, the analysis of "Pianogongs" will provide historical context to the use of traditional Chinese percussion instruments and his integration of these instruments with the piano. Zhou Long comes from an important generation of Chinese composers including, Chen Yi and Tan Dun, that were able to leave China achieve great success with the combination of Eastern and Western ideas. This study will deepen the readers' understanding of the Chinese cultural influences in Zhou Long's piano compositions

Error Analysis on English Writing of Chinese Mongolian Students Based on Automated Scoring System

A Corpus plays an important role in English writing. Corpus can provide students with rich authentic materials. The automated scoring system which is set up based on the use of corpus, such as the automated scoring system of Ju Ku, can grade the composition and make an analysis of students’ English writing to help them correct their writing errors. In this paper, an investigation of the writing problems of Mongolian students is carried out to make an analysis of the errors that students are easy to make in an attempt to improve Mongolian students’ writing abilities

Mongolian management: local practitioners' perspective in the face of economic, political and socio-cultural changes

This chapter discusses the understandings, practices and influences upon management in contemporary Mongolia. It draws on a rich dataset of 45 in-depth qualitative interviews with Mongolian senior management practitioners. The sample of participants consists of three groups _ ‘socialist era’, ‘transitional era’ and ‘non-native’ Mongolian managers _ representing the key categories of managers currently working in Mongolian organizations. The discussion explores the understandings of management and managerial roles in the Mongolian context. The authors also offer insights into the specific practices that characterize management in Mongolia, and explain their occurrence through examining a range of interconnected influencing factors: from nomadic cultural heritage and the legacy of socialism, to the country’s unique trajectory of economic transition from socialism to capitalism, and the political and legal structures that shape the stability of the business environment in present-day Mongolia. The chapter concludes with implications for managers and political authorities in the Mongolian context

Study on Some Issues of International SMEs Promotion Policy

Now a day, we consider that development of a country is often determined by the development of its domestic production, especially small and medium enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to examine how countries are implementing policies to develop small and medium enterprises and how they are developing and implementing government support programs. The study looked at government support tools for SMEs in Mongolia, Japan, the United States, China, and Kazakhstan. Keywords: SMEs, Promotion policy, International rules, discounted loans, financial support, management support DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-3-13 Publication date: January 31st 202

Subjective Lives and Economic Transformations in Mongolia: Life in the Gap

Almost 10 years ago the mineral-rich country of Mongolia experienced very rapid economic growth, fuelled by China’s need for coal and copper. New subjects, buildings, and businesses flourished, and future dreams were imagined and hoped for. This period of growth is, however, now over. Mongolia is instead facing high levels of public and private debt, conflicts over land and sovereignty, and a changed political climate that threatens its fragile democratic institutions. Subjective Lives and Economic Transformations in Mongolia details this complex story through the intimate lives of five women. Building on long-term friendships, which span over 20 years, Rebecca documents their personal journeys in an ever-shifting landscape. She reveals how these women use experiences of living a ‘life in the gap’ to survive the hard reality between desired outcomes and their actual daily lives. In doing so, she offers a completely different picture from that presented by economists and statisticians of what it is like to live in this fluctuating extractive economy

Timbre-based composition:exploration of drone-overtone singing with reference to Tuvan and Mongolian sonorities and its integration into Western contemporary compositions.

This doctoral research in composition focuses on investigating Tuvan throat singing (khöömei), in comparison with Mongolian throat singing (khöömii) and its application in Western contemporary classical composition. This has been achieved through a survey ofethnomusicology and the inclusion of timbre-centrism in my compositions. The ethnomusicological angle aims to discover exemplary research methods for khöömei bridging the oppositions of outsider (etic) and insider (emic) perspectives. Based on this goal, this research explores two examples of research approaches: an etic approach by A. N. Aksenov and the combination of etic and emic approach by Theodore Levin with Valentina Süzükei. Ultimately, this exploration underlines the importance of combining etic and emic approaches giving priority to emic perspective in the research of khöömei and its integration into experimental compositional practices. Additionally, this research finds that the political changes in Inner Asia have influenced the cultural maintenance transforming the art form and practice of khöömei. This ends up with developing khöömei as state or national art in each state that practises khöömei. This actuality is investigated not only by noticing the dispute over the ownership of khöömei among its holders but also by looking into the stylistic difference between Tuva Republic and Mongolia. However, this research concentrates more on intrinsic personal diversity and creativity of khöömei performance supporting this idea with graphic analyses, which have become an influential vehicle in my music-making process. Finally, an in-depth study of Tuvan aesthetic in music “timbre-centred listening” is undertaken, and then methods of imbuing the sounds of nature into European-style composition are minutely traced.On the compositional side, Tuvan ethnomusicologist Valentina Süzükei’s theory “timbrecentralism” has been tested as a valid musical system for contemporary classical music looking at the potential that hybrid music surmounts cultural appropriation. Various musical experiments with khöömei have been conducted in practical ways based on Tuvan musical aesthetics, new notation and technique applications, interdisciplinary approaches, and becoming a khöömei practitioner myself. Additionally, other ethnic and extended vocal techniques such as the Inuit vocal game katajjaq, vocal fry and "drone-partials vocal technique" (see Pegg 2024 forthcoming for the latter), as Stockhausen demands in his piece Stimmung, have been experimented with by myself and versatile vocalists within my compositions. This practical research is demonstrated in the concert recordings that accompany and should be considered as a part of this portfolio