Solving Mixed--integer Control Problems by Sum Up Rounding With Guaranteed Integer Gap

Probleme der Optimalen Steuerung, die zeitabhaengige diskrete Entscheidungen beinhalten, haben in letzter Zeit zunehmend Beachtung gefunden, da sie in praktischen Anwendungen mit hohem Potential fuer Optimierung auftreten. Typische Beispiele sind die Wahl von Gaengen in Transport-Problemen oder Prozesse, in denen Ventile verwendet werden. Wir praesentieren Rundungsstrategien fuer direkte Methoden der optimalen Steuerung, die zu einer Approximation der Zielfunktion und Nebenbedingungen fuehren, deren Guete durch die Feinheit des Kontrolldiskretisierungsgitters abgeschaetzt werden kann. Erstmals wird gezeigt, dass eine endliche Anzahl von Umschaltungen sowohl im linearen wie im nichtlinearen Fall ausreicht, und dies bei Existenz von Pfad- und Kontrollbeschraenkungen. Ein numerisches Beispiel wird angegeben um die Methodik zu illustrieren

Modeling and optimization of process systems for unconventional technologies and feedstocks

In the present era, the petrochemical/chemical process industries must adapt to unconventional feedstocks and energy sources, in order to keep pace with increased competition, regulatory pressure, and changing markets. However, developing processes compatible with these changes requires deviating from traditional and accepted process design and operation paradigms. This dissertation addresses fundamental challenges related to this transition from three angles: incorporation of custom (and detailed) models into process design, integration of variable operation with process design, and optimization of transient process operations. The first part of the dissertation introduces a framework for modeling, simulation, and optimization of process flowsheets incorporating highly detailed physical models of important and complex process units, termed “multi-resolution flowsheets”. The framework relies on pseudo-transient continuation as a numerical method and allows for the robust optimization of large-scale process models. Several case studies demonstrate the method, including process flowsheets featuring both intensified (e.g., dividing-wall distillation column, multistream heat exchanger) and unconventional (e.g., quenched reactor, packed column for carbon capture) process units. Furthermore, these results reveal significant benefits of considering the added level of detail at the design stage. Finally, an avenue is presented to accelerate the convergence of the pseudo-transient method, which is especially important for the large-scale models considered. In the second part of the dissertation, the focus shifts to process design optimization for variable operation, or optimization under uncertainty. Here, I present a method for process design that considers the effect of uncertain physical parameters (assumed to follow continuous probability distributions), using a formulation that exploits the semi-infinite nature of dynamic optimization. I compare the method to traditional “scenario-based” approaches using both theoretical analyses and multiple case studies. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method, these case studies also emphasize the importance of considering several practically relevant uncertainties during process design. The final part of the dissertation examines explicit consideration of process dynamics for operational optimization. First, I examine periodic (dynamically intensified) processes, which operate at a cyclic steady state. I present a pseudo-transient method for robust optimization of fully discretized dynamic process models, and I present an approach for implementing cyclic conditions based on their fundamental relation to material/energy recycle loops. Lastly, I propose a framework for optimal production scheduling in fast changing market situations. Towards this end, I show how data-driven dynamic models can represent the behavior of a set of scheduling-relevant (physical or latent) variables. A method is also given for executing scheduling calculations using these models, and the framework is demonstrated by considering the demand response operation of both simulated and real-world air separation units.Chemical Engineerin

Best available techniques (BAT) reference document on surface treatment using organic solvents including preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document (BREF) on Surface Treatment using Organic Solvents including Preservation of Wood and Wood Products with Chemicals is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (the Directive). This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF on Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents including Preservation of Wood and Wood Products with Chemicals covers the surface treatment of substances, objects or products using organic solvents as well as the preservation of wood and wood products using chemicals as specified in Sections 6.7 and 6.10 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU respectively. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the surface treatment using organic solvents (STS) and the wood preservation with chemicals (WPC) sectors are emissions to air and water as well as energy and water consumption. Chapter 1 provides general information on the STS sector and on the main environmental issues associated with their use. Chapters 2 to 14 give the applied processes, current emission and consumption levels, techniques to consider in the determination of BAT for the STS sectors that are covered by these chapters. Chapter 15 provides general information, applied processes, current emission and consumption levels, techniques to consider in the determination of BAT for the wood preservation sector. Chapter 16 provides thumbnail descriptions of additional STS sectors, for which a data collection via questionnaires has not been carried out. General techniques to consider in the determination of BAT (i.e. those techniques to consider that are widely applied in the STS sector) are reported in Chapter 17. Chapter 18 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, both general and sector-specific. Chapter 19 provides the emerging techniques for the STS and WPC sectors. Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work are presented in Chapter 20.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

ECOS 2012

The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology

Modelling and Simulation of the Topside Electromagnetic Environment of a Naval Combatant in Concept Design

The topside of a naval combatant must accommodate a plethora of highly sophisticated and computerised electromagnetic sensors in order for the ship to effectively fight, both to attack and defend. The electromagnetic sensors serve as the eyes and ears of the ship, and without them the ship would be very vulnerable. Since the topside of a naval ship has limited space, antennas must be sited close to each other (co-site). Many of the topside antennas are required to transmit and receive at similar bands of operating frequencies and, at times, they may be required to operate simultaneously. This gives rise to electromagnetic interference (EMI) which causes performance degradation of the equipment, blockage of communication channels, impairment of the on board sensors and even burning out of the inadequately protected equipment. One of the key challenges faced by ship designers at the concept phase of ship design is the need to effectively distribute topside electromagnetic (EM) sensors to avoid EMI. This is difficult to predict especially as in concept design the ship configuration and the EM systems characteristics will change as different arrangements are explored. The likely interference between shipboard antenna systems can be assessed by computational electromagnetic (CEM) tools which model the ship and its topside antenna systems. To tackle this problem, a general purpose and commercially available electromagnetic simulation package, Computer Simulation Technology (CST), has been employed as a rapid and cost effective method for handling the EMI problems in Early Stage Ship Design (ESSD). Using CST, the project initially modelled the recently in service Royal Navy Type 22 Batch II Frigate and its topside sensors. The EM sensor models on the Type 22 Batch II Frigate model were then simulated against each other in order to determine the EMI coupling between them. To benchmark these EMI coupling simulations, validation of a certain number of CST simulations has been carried out using two physical scale models of the Type 22 Batch II Frigate. After obtaining the required confidence in the reliability of the simulation package, a CST based approach for prediction of topside EMI/EMC has been developed. The approach has then been 3 applied on an early design study for a Future Patrol Ship to predict the likely EM interactions between its topside antennas. Finally, in order to assess the likely free space antenna interference, MATLAB based codes have been developed. These will allow quick evaluations of the magnitude of antenna interference in free space. Thus, they would enable the project sponsor to determine antenna interactions between certain shipboard EM sensors without requiring to use a CEM tool

WSU Course Catalog, 2024

School catalog delineating classes offered, credits, requirements, and other academic information believed to be necessary for incoming students at Washington State University

National synchrotron light source. Activity report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1995

This report discusses research conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source in the following areas: atomic and molecular science; energy dispersive diffraction; lithography, microscopy, and tomography; nuclear physics; scattering and crystallography studies of biological materials; time resolved spectroscopy; UV photoemission and surface science; x-ray absorption spectroscopy; x-ray scattering and crystallography; x-ray topography; the 1995 NSLS annual users` meeting; 17th international free electron laser conference; micro bunches workshop; VUV machine; VUV storage ring parameters; beamline technical improvements; x-ray beamlines; x-ray storage ring parameters; the NSLS source development laboratory; the accelerator test facility (ATF); NSLS facility improvements; NSLS advisory committees; NSLS staff; VUV beamline guide; and x-ray beamline guide

Atti del XXXV Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche

La XXXV edizione del Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche (IDRA16), co-organizzata dal Gruppo Italiano di Idraulica (GII) e dal Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale, e dei Materiali (DICAM) dell’Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, si è svolta a Bologna dal 14 al 16 settembre 2016. Il Convegno Nazionale è tornato pertanto ad affacciarsi all’ombra del “Nettuno”, dopo l’edizione del 1982 (XVIII edizione). Il titolo della XXXV edizione, “Ambiente, Risorse, Energia: le sfide dell’Ingegneria delle acque in un mondo che cambia”, sottolinea l’importanza e la complessità delle tematiche che rivestono la sfera dello studio e del governo delle risorse idriche. Le sempre più profonde interconnessioni tra risorse idriche, sviluppo economico e benessere sociale, infatti, spronano sia l’Accademia che l’intera comunità tecnico-scientifica nazionale ed internazionale all’identificazione ed alla messa in atto di strategie di gestione innovative ed ottimali: sfide percepite quanto mai necessarie in un contesto ambientale in continua evoluzione, come quello in cui viviamo. La XXXV edizione del Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, pertanto, si è posta come punto d’incontro della comunità tecnico-scientifica italiana per la discussione a tutto tondo di tali problematiche, offrendo un programma scientifico particolarmente ricco e articolato, che ha coperto tutti gli ambiti riconducibili all’Ingegneria delle Acque. L’apertura dei lavori del Convegno si è svolta nella storica cornice della Chiesa di Santa Cristina, uno dei luoghi più caratteristici e belli della città ed oggi luogo privilegiato per l’ascolto della musica classica, mentre le attività di presentazione e discussione scientifica si sono svolte principalmente presso la sede della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Bologna sita in Via Terracini. Il presente volume digitale ad accesso libero (licenza Creative Commons 4.0) raccoglie le memorie brevi pervenute al Comitato Scientifico di IDRA16 ed accettate per la presentazione al convegno a valle di un processo di revisione tra pari. Il volume articola dette memorie in sette macro-tematiche, che costituiscono i capitoli del volume stesso: I. meccanica dei fluidi; II. ambiente marittimo e costiero; III. criteri, metodi e modelli per l’analisi dei processi idrologici e la gestione delle acque; IV. gestione e tutela dei corpi idrici e degli ecosistemi; V. valutazione e mitigazione del rischio idrologico e idraulico; VI. dinamiche acqua-società: sviluppo sostenibile e gestione del territorio; VII. monitoraggio, open-data e software libero. Ciascuna macro-tematica raggruppa più sessioni specialistiche autonome sviluppatesi in parallelo durante le giornate del Convegno, i cui titoli vengono richiamati all’interno del presente volume. La vastità e la diversità delle tematiche affrontate, che ben rappresentano la complessità delle numerose sfide dell’Ingegneria delle Acque, appaiono evidenti dalla consultazione dell’insieme di memorie brevi presentate. La convinta partecipazione della Comunità Scientifica Italiana è dimostrata dalle oltre 350 memorie brevi, distribuite in maniera pressoché uniforme tra le sette macro-tematiche di riferimento. Dette memorie sono sommari estesi di lunghezza variabile redatti in lingua italiana, o inglese. In particolare, la possibilità di stesura in inglese è stata concessa con l’auspicio di portare la visibilità del lavoro presentato ad un livello sovranazionale, grazie alla pubblicazione open access del volume degli Atti del Convegno. Il volume si divide in tre parti: la parte iniziale è dedicata alla presentazione del volume ed all’indice generale dei contributi divisi per macro-tematiche; la parte centrale raccoglie le memorie brevi; la terza parte riporta l’indice analitico degli Autori, che chiude il volume