3 research outputs found

    On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods

    Get PDF
    Microalgae are promising sources of fuels and other chemicals. To operate microalgal cultivations efficiently, process control based on monitoring of process variables is needed. On-line sensing has important advantages over off-line and other analytical and sensing methods in minimizing the measurement delay. Consequently, on-line, in-situ sensors are preferred. In this respect, optical sensors occupy a central position since they are versatile and readily implemented in an on-line format. In biotechnological processes, measurements are performed in three phases (gaseous, liquid and solid (biomass)), and monitored process variables can be classified as physical, chemical and biological. On-line sensing technologies that rely on standard industrial sensors employed in chemical processes are already well-established for monitoring the physical and chemical environment of an algal cultivation. In contrast, on-line sensors for the process variables of the biological phase, whether biomass, intracellular or extracellular products, or the physiological state of living cells, are at an earlier developmental stage and are the focus of this review. On-line monitoring of biological process variables is much more difficult and sometimes impossible and must rely on indirect measurement and extensive data processing. In contrast to other recent reviews, this review concentrates on current methods and technologies for monitoring of biological parameters in microalgal cultivations that are suitable for the on-line and in-situ implementation. These parameters include cell concentration, chlorophyll content, irradiance, and lipid and pigment concentration and are measured using NMR, IR spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and multispectral methods. An important part of the review is the computer-aided monitoring of microalgal cultivations in the form of software sensors, the use of multi-parameter measurements in mathematical process models, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. In the future, software sensors will play an increasing role in the real-time estimation of biological variables because of their flexibility and extendibility

    Applications of artificial neural networks in three agro-environmental systems: microalgae production, nutritional characterization of soils and meteorological variables management

    Get PDF
    La agricultura es una actividad esencial para los humanos, es altamente dependiente de las condiciones meteorol贸gicas y foco de investigaci贸n e innovaci贸n con el objetivo de enfrentar diversos desaf铆os. El cambio clim谩tico, calentamiento global y la degradaci贸n de los ecosistemas agr铆colas son s贸lo algunos de los problemas que los humanos enfrentamos para continuar con la esencial producci贸n de alimentos. Buscando la innovaci贸n en el sector agr铆cola, se consideraron tres t贸picos principales de investigaci贸n para esta tesis; la producci贸n de microalgas, el color del suelo y la fertilidad, y la adquisici贸n de datos meteorol贸gicos. Estos temas tienen roles cada vez m谩s importantes en la agricultura, especialmente bajo la incertidumbre del futuro de la producci贸n de alimentos. Las microalgas son una interesante alternativa para la fertilizaci贸n de cultivos y la sostenibilidad del suelo; mientras que los par谩metros de fertilidad del suelo necesitan ser m谩s estudiados para desarrollar m茅todos de an谩lisis de menor costo y m谩s r谩pidos para ayudar al manejo. La agricultura, como actividad altamente dependiente del clima, necesita de datos meteorol贸gicos para anticipar eventos, planificar y manejar los cultivos eficientemente. Estos temas se seleccionaron con el prop贸sito de mejorar el estado actual de la t茅cnica, proponer nuevas alternativas basadas, principalmente, en la aplicaci贸n de redes neuronales artificiales (ANN) como una manera novedosa de resolver los problemas y generar conocimiento de aplicaci贸n directa en sistemas de cultivos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue generar modelos de ANNs capaces de abordar problemas relacionados con la agricultura, como una alternativa a los m茅todos tradicionales y m谩s costosos empleados en el manejo, an谩lisis y adquisici贸n de datos en los sistemas agrarios.Departamento de Ingenier铆a Agr铆cola y ForestalDoctorado en Ciencia e Ingenier铆a Agroalimentaria y de Biosistema
    corecore