Design Of Generator Test Equipment With Microcontroller-Based Dummy Load Heating Element With Fuzzy Logic Method

New power plants are urgently needed to support the needs of the community and industry in accordance with government regulations on the need for renewable energy sources. However, in its implementation, the construction of this new power plant is hampered by the absence of facilities and infrastructure, especially the technology that supports it, one of which is pre-operation activities. At this stage, it is necessary to test the generators that will be used in the plants. Generators are an important component in the electricity system. Meanwhile, research on generator testing is still rare, as are the tools that support the process of generator testing. This study aims to design a generator test tool so that this test can take place more effectively and efficiently. In general, the testing method uses a dummy load so that the load on the generator can be manipulated. With fuzzy logic control on dummy load control, the testing process can be done more optimally and can be monitored on a larger system. The results of this study showed current measurement with a maximum error of 1.64%, voltage measurement with a maximum error of 0.5%, frequency measurement with a maximum error of 0.4%, and a maximum control error of 5.7%. The automation system applied is still limited to monitoring electrical parameters

Alone Self-Excited Induction Generators

In recent years, some converter structures and analyzing methods for the voltage regulation of stand-alone self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) have been introduced. However, all of them are concerned with the three-phase voltage control of three-phase SEIGs or the single-phase voltage control of single-phase SEIGs for the operation of these machines under balanced load conditions. In this paper, each phase voltage is controlled separately through separated converters, which consist of a full-bridge diode rectifier and one-IGBT. For this purpose, the principle of the electronic load controllers supported by fuzzy logic is employed in the two-different proposed converter structures. While changing single phase consumer loads that are independent from each other, the output voltages of the generator are controlled independently by three-number of separated electronic load controllers (SELCs) in two different mode operations. The aim is to obtain a rated power from the SEIG via the switching of the dump loads to be the complement of consumer load variations. The transient and steady state behaviors of the whole system are investigated by simulation studies from the point of getting the design parameters, and experiments are carried out for validation of the results. The results illustrate that the proposed SELC system is capable of coping with independent consumer load variations to keep output voltage at a desired value for each phase. It is also available for unbalanced consumer load conditions. In addition, it is concluded that the proposed converter without a filter capacitor has less harmonics on the currents

Doubly-fed induction generator used in wind energy

Wound-rotor induction generator has numerous advantages in wind power generation over other generators. One scheme for wound-rotor induction generator is realized when a converter cascade is used between the slip-ring terminals and the utility grid to control the rotor power. This configuration is called the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). In this work, a novel induction machine model is developed. This model includes the saturation in the main and leakage flux paths. It shows that the model which considers the saturation effects gives more realistic results. A new technique, which was developed for synchronous machines, was applied to experimentally measure the stator and rotor leakage inductance saturation characteristics on the induction machine. A vector control scheme is developed to control the rotor side voltage-source converter. Vector control allows decoupled or independent control of both active and reactive power of DFIG. These techniques are based on the theory of controlling the B- and q- axes components of voltage or current in different reference frames. In this work, the stator flux oriented rotor current control, with decoupled control of active and reactive power, is adopted. This scheme allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive power as well as the rotor speed to track the maximum wind power point. Conventionally, the controller type used in vector controllers is of the PI type with a fixed proportional and integral gain. In this work, different intelligent schemes by which the controller can change its behavior are proposed. The first scheme is an adaptive gain scheduler which utilizes different characteristics to generate the variation in the proportional and the integral gains. The second scheme is a fuzzy logic gain scheduler and the third is a neuro-fuzzy controller. The transient responses using the above mentioned schemes are compared analytically and experimentally. It has been found that although the fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy schemes are more complicated and have many parameters; this complication provides a higher degree of freedom in tuning the controller which is evident in giving much better system performance. Finally, the simulation results were experimentally verified by building the experimental setup and implementing the developed control schemes

Development of an intelligent electronic load controller for stand-alone micro-hydropower systems

Abstract: People living in rural and remote areas of Sub- Saharan Africa generally lack access to electricity due to their geographical location and the costs associated with connecting these areas to the national electrical grid. A viable technology to supply electricity to some of these areas are stand-alone microhydropower systems which harnesses energy from flowing water. Self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are commonly used for the generation of electricity in stand-alone micro-hydropower systems. The electricity supplied by a SEIG to the demand side i.e. the load needs to be maintained stable under various consumer load conditions. This is accomplished through the use of an electronic load controller (ELC). This paper presents the design and development of an intelligent ELC that is able to maintain stable voltage on the demand side of a 3-phase SEIG supplying varying single-phase consumer loads. The proposed intelligent ELC consists of an uncontrolled bridge rectifier, filtering capacitor, chopper switch, voltage sensor, optocoupler, Arduino microcontroller and a ballast load or storage, depending on site-specific requirements and economic viability. The fuzzy logic control method is implemented to maintain stable and reliable voltage. The ELC is designed and simulated under various consumer load conditions in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results of the ELC model are verified experimentally in a laboratory setting. The proposed intelligent ELC will contribute towards providing reliable and cost-effective means of enhancing the proliferation of micro-hydropower particularly in rural and remote applications in Sub-Saharan Africa

INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

DC Motor still plays a very important instrument in industrial field though many new designs have been develop. The current way of controlling DC Motor is by using PI feedback controller in order to achieve the set point. PI controller has been selected as the result of it advantages compare with the other types. However PI controller also contain a lot of disadvantages thus which proposed the author to proposal a new intelligent type of DC Motor controller which use Fuzzy Logic algorithm and called Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Due to this thesis, Fuzzy Logic Controller has been design and fabricate. This new controller is using microcontroller, PIC 16F877A as the main device to do the decision making and been programmed using C language. The test then been conducted on PI Controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller to compare the efficiency in controlling the DC Motor. Based on the result, Fuzzy Logic Controller gives better performance compare with PI Controller. For the further studies other intelligent approach was been suggested instead of using Fuzzy Logic algorithm

Advanced control system for stand-alone diesel engine driven-permanent magnetic generator sets

The main focus is on the development of an advanced control system for variable speed standalone diesel engine driven generator systems. An extensive literature survey reviews the historical development and previous relevant research work in the fields of diesel engines, electrical machines, power electronic converters, power and electronic systems. Models are developed for each subsystem from mathematical derivations with necessary simplifications made to reduce complexity while retaining the required accuracy. Initially system performance is investigated using simulation models in Matlab/Simulink. The AC/DC/AC power electronic conversion system used employs a voltage controlled dc link. The ac voltage is maintained at constant magnitude and frequency by using a dc-dc converter and a fixed modulation ratio VSI PWM inverter. The DC chopper provides fast control of the output voltage by dealing efficiently with transient conditions. A Variable Speed Fuzzy Logic Core (VSFLC) controller is combined with a classical control method to produce a novel hybrid controller. This provides an innovative variable speed control that responds to both load and speed changes. A new power balance based control strategy is proposed and implemented in the speed controller. Subsequently a novel overall control strategy is proposed to co-ordinate the hybrid variable speed controller and chopper controller to provide overall control for both fast and slow variations of system operating conditions. The control system is developed and implemented in hardware using Xilinx Foundation Express. The VHDL code for the complete control system design is developed and the designs are synthesised and analysed within the Xilinx environment. The controllers are implemented with XC95108-PC84 and XC4010-PC84 to provide a compact and cheap control system. A prototype experimental system is described and test results are obtained that show the combined control strategy to be very effective. The research work makes contributions in the areas of automatic control systems for diesel engine generator sets and CPLD/FPGA application that will benefit manufacturers and consumers.EPSR

Design and implementation of a wind turbine emulator using an induction motor and direct current machine

The study deals with the application details and validation of a wind turbine emulator (WTE) consisting of a user interface, 1.5kW squirrel-cage induction motor (IM) and separately excited direct current machine (DCM). To this end, an induction motor and direct current machine are mechanically coupled to behave like wind turbine. Thus, by controlling the asynchronous motor over wind data, the shaft of the asynchronous motor rotates like the high turbine shaft of the wind turbine and emulates the wind turbine in the laboratory environment. The user interface includes 12 commercial wind turbines with similar characteristics. The user selects the wind data for a day, then selects the wind turbine and operates the system. The system generates reference speed information in accordance with the user's preferences. The WTE calculations are performed on a PC and 32 bit ARM cortex board, both connected on UART. The generated speed information is applied to the frequency converter via the PI control technique and the induction motor is driven according to the reference speed. The purpose of the study is the hardware implementation of a wind energy conversion system for control and online monitoring in a laboratory environment. The system will allow testing various wind data and performing efficiency analyzes at any time and will enable the testing of small-scale power converters for wind power systems

An Implementation of Fuzzy PD Control Design for Five Flip Folders Folding Machine Using Arduino Mega2560

The arm manipulator application that has 1 degree of freedom (DOF) can be used to flip folders in folding machines. The used actuator in folding machine is a Brushed DC motor. The Fuzzy-PD control system in this application is using Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. Application of Fuzzy-PD control system on folding machine is able to move 5 flip folders. This Fuzzy-PD control system is able to improve the system response when there is a load, where the difference is only 7.73% from the no load condition. In addition, to implement this flip folder, a stochastic based method (ARX) is also applied on this system so it can be simulated directly. The simulation results from this folding machine model have a time constant of 0.510s, rise time of 1.501s, settling time of 1.5320s and delay time of 0.353s

INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

DC Motor still plays a very important instrument in industrial field though many new designs have been develop. The current way of controlling DC Motor is by using PI feedback controller in order to achieve the set point. PI controller has been selected as the result of it advantages compare with the other types. However PI controller also contain a lot of disadvantages thus which proposed the author to proposal a new intelligent type of DC Motor controller which use Fuzzy Logic algorithm and called Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Due to this thesis, Fuzzy Logic Controller has been design and fabricate. This new controller is using microcontroller, PIC 16F877A as the main device to do the decision making and been programmed using C language. The test then been conducted on PI Controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller to compare the efficiency in controlling the DC Motor. Based on the result, Fuzzy Logic Controller gives better performance compare with PI Controller. For the further studies other intelligent approach was been suggested instead of using Fuzzy Logic algorithm