3,290 research outputs found

    Automated and dynamic multi-level negotiation framework applied to an efficient cloud provisioning

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    L’approvisionnement du Cloud est le processus de dĂ©ploiement et de gestion des applications sur les infrastructures publiques du Cloud. Il est de plus en plus utilisĂ© car il permet aux fournisseurs de services mĂ©tiers de se concentrer sur leurs activitĂ©s sans avoir Ă  gĂ©rer et Ă  investir dans l’infrastructure. Il comprend deux niveaux d’interaction : (1) entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de services pour l’approvisionnement des applications, et (2) entre les fournisseurs de services et les fournisseurs de ressources pour l’approvisionnement des ressources virtuelles. L’environnement Cloud est devenu un marchĂ© complexe oĂč tout fournisseur veut maximiser son profit monĂ©taire et oĂč les utilisateurs finaux recherchent les services les plus efficaces tout en minimisant leurs coĂ»ts. Avec la croissance de la concurrence dans le Cloud, les fournisseurs de services mĂ©tiers doivent assurer un approvisionnement efficace qui maximise la satisfaction de la clientĂšle et optimise leurs profits.Ainsi, les fournisseurs et les utilisateurs doivent ĂȘtre satisfaits en dĂ©pit de leurs besoins contradictoires. La nĂ©gociation est une solution prometteuse qui permet de rĂ©soudre les conflits en comblant le gap entre les capacitĂ©s des fournisseurs et les besoins des utilisateurs. Intuitivement, la nĂ©gociation automatique des contrats (SLA) permet d’aboutir Ă  un compromis qui satisfait les deux parties. Cependant, pour ĂȘtre efficace, la nĂ©gociation automatique doit considĂ©rer les propriĂ©tĂ©s de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et les complexitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă  la dynamicitĂ© (dynamicitĂ© de la disponibilitĂ© des ressources, dynamicitĂ© des prix). En fait ces critĂšres ont un impact important sur le succĂšs de la nĂ©gociation. Les principales contributions de cette thĂšse rĂ©pondant au dĂ©fi de la nĂ©gociation multi-niveau dans un contexte dynamique sont les suivantes: (1) Nous proposons un modĂšle de nĂ©gociateur gĂ©nĂ©rique qui considĂšre la nature dynamique de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et son impact potentiel sur les rĂ©sultats dĂ©cisionnels. Ensuite, nous construisons un cadre de nĂ©gociation multicouche fondĂ© sur ce modĂšle en l’instanciant entre les couches du Cloud. Le cadre comprend des agents nĂ©gociateurs en communication avec les modules en relation avec la qualitĂ© et le prix du service Ă  fournir (le planificateur, le moniteur, le prospecteur de marchĂ©). (2) Nous proposons une approche de nĂ©gociation bilatĂ©rale entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de service basĂ©e sur une approche d’approvisionnement existante. Les stratĂ©gies de nĂ©gociation sont basĂ©es sur la communication avec les modules d’approvisionnement (le planificateur et l’approvisionneur de machines virtuelles) afin d’optimiser les bĂ©nĂ©fices du fournisseur de service et de maximiser la satisfaction du client. (3) Afin de maximiser le nombre de clients, nous proposons une approche de nĂ©gociation adaptative et simultanĂ©e comme extension de la nĂ©gociation bilatĂ©rale. Nous proposons d’exploiter les changements de charge de travail en termes de disponibilitĂ© et de tarification des ressources afin de renĂ©gocier simultanĂ©ment avec plusieurs utilisateurs non acceptĂ©s (c’est-Ă -dire rejetĂ©s lors de la premiĂšre session de nĂ©gociation) avant la crĂ©ation du contrat SLA. (4) Afin de gĂ©rer toute violation possible de SLA, nous proposons une approche proactive de renĂ©gociation aprĂšs l’établissement de SLA. La renĂ©gociation est lancĂ©e lors de la dĂ©tection d’un Ă©vĂ©nement inattendu (par exemple, une panne de ressources) pendant le processus d’approvisionnement. Les stratĂ©gies de renĂ©gociation proposĂ©es visent Ă  minimiser la perte de profit pour le fournisseur et Ă  assurer la continuitĂ© du service pour le consommateur. Les approches proposĂ©es sont mises en Ɠuvre et les expĂ©riences prouvent les avantages d’ajouter la (re)nĂ©gociation au processus d’approvisionnement. L’utilisation de la (re)nĂ©gociation amĂ©liore le bĂ©nĂ©fice du fournisseur, le nombre de demandes acceptĂ©es et la satisfaction du client.Cloud provisioning is the process of deployment and management of applications on public cloud infrastructures. Cloud provisioning is used increasingly because it enables business providers to focus on their business without having to manage and invest in infrastructure. Cloud provisioning includes two levels of interaction: (1) between end-users and business providers for application provisioning; and (2) between business providers and resource providers for virtual resource provisioning.The cloud market nowadays is a complex environment where business providers need to maximize their monetary profit, and where end-users look for the most efficient services with the lowest prices. With the growth of competition in the cloud, business providers must ensure efficient provisioning that maximizes customer satisfaction and optimizes the providers’ profit. So, both providers and users must be satisfied in spite of their conflicting needs. Negotiation is an appealing solution to solve conflicts and bridge the gap between providers’ capabilities and users’ requirements. Intuitively, automated Service Level Agreement (SLA) negotiation helps in reaching an agreement that satisfies both parties. However, to be efficient, automated negotiation should consider the properties of cloud provisioning mainly the two interaction levels, and complexities related to dynamicity (e.g., dynamically-changing resource availability, dynamic pricing, dynamic market factors related to offers and demands), which greatly impact the success of the negotiation. The main contributions of this thesis tackling the challenge of multi-level negotiation in a dynamic context are as follows: (1) We propose a generic negotiator model that considers the dynamic nature of cloud provisioning and its potential impact on the decision-making outcome. Then, we build a multi-layer negotiation framework built upon that model by instantiating it among Cloud layers. The framework includes negotiator agents. These agents are in communication with the provisioning modules that have an impact on the quality and the price of the service to be provisioned (e.g, the scheduler, the monitor, the market prospector). (2) We propose a bilateral negotiation approach between end-users and business providers extending an existing provisioning approach. The proposed decision-making strategies for negotiation are based on communication with the provisioning modules (the scheduler and the VM provisioner) in order to optimize the business provider’s profit and maximize customer satisfaction. (3) In order to maximize the number of clients, we propose an adaptive and concurrent negotiation approach as an extension of the bilateral negotiation. We propose to harness the workload changes in terms of resource availability and pricing in order to renegotiate simultaneously with multiple non-accepted users (i.e., rejected during the first negotiation session) before the establishment of the SLA. (4) In order to handle any potential SLA violation, we propose a proactive renegotiation approach after SLA establishment. The renegotiation is launched upon detecting an unexpected event (e.g., resource failure) during the provisioning process. The proposed renegotiation decision-making strategies aim to minimize the loss in profit for the provider and to ensure the continuity of the service for the consumer. The proposed approaches are implemented and experiments prove the benefits of adding (re)negotiation to the provisioning process. The use of (re)negotiation improves the provider’s profit, the number of accepted requests, and the client’s satisfaction

    A Review on Dynamically Changing the Quality of Service Requirements for SOA based Applications in Cloud

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    Service Oriented Applications have the ability to change their constituent services dynamically This implies that they have the ability to change both their functionality and their Quality of Service attributes dynamically We present a Cloud-based-Multi-Agent System Clobmas that uses multiple double auctions to enable applications to self-adapt based on their Quality of Service requirements and cost restraints Quality of Service attributes needed to provided maintained monitored at run time A double auction is a two-sided auction i e both the buyers and the sellers indicate the price that they re willing to pay and accept respectively If any application uses self adaptation mechanism then it exhibits a high Quality of Service Here we design a market mechanism that allows applications to select services in a decentralized manne

    Leveraging Market Research Techniques in IS – A Review of Conjoint Analysis in IS Research

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    With the increasing importance of mass-market information systems (IS), understanding individual user preferences for IS design and adoption is essential. However, this has been a challenging task due to the complexity of balancing functional, non-functional, and economic requirements. Conjoint analysis (CA), a marketing research technique, estimates user preferences by measuring tradeoffs between products attributes. Although the number of studies applying CA in IS has increased in the past years, we still lack fundamental discussion on its use in our discipline. We review the existing CA studies in IS with regard to the application areas and methodological choices along the CA procedure. Based on this review, we develop a reference framework for application areas in IS that serves as foundation for future studies. We argue that CA can be leveraged in requirements management, business model design, and systems evaluation. As future research opportunities, we see domain-specific adaptations e.g., user preference models

    Automated and dynamic multi-level negotiation framework applied to an efficient cloud provisioning

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    L’approvisionnement du Cloud est le processus de dĂ©ploiement et de gestion des applications sur les infrastructures publiques du Cloud. Il est de plus en plus utilisĂ© car il permet aux fournisseurs de services mĂ©tiers de se concentrer sur leurs activitĂ©s sans avoir Ă  gĂ©rer et Ă  investir dans l’infrastructure. Il comprend deux niveaux d’interaction : (1) entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de services pour l’approvisionnement des applications, et (2) entre les fournisseurs de services et les fournisseurs de ressources pour l’approvisionnement des ressources virtuelles. L’environnement Cloud est devenu un marchĂ© complexe oĂč tout fournisseur veut maximiser son profit monĂ©taire et oĂč les utilisateurs finaux recherchent les services les plus efficaces tout en minimisant leurs coĂ»ts. Avec la croissance de la concurrence dans le Cloud, les fournisseurs de services mĂ©tiers doivent assurer un approvisionnement efficace qui maximise la satisfaction de la clientĂšle et optimise leurs profits.Ainsi, les fournisseurs et les utilisateurs doivent ĂȘtre satisfaits en dĂ©pit de leurs besoins contradictoires. La nĂ©gociation est une solution prometteuse qui permet de rĂ©soudre les conflits en comblant le gap entre les capacitĂ©s des fournisseurs et les besoins des utilisateurs. Intuitivement, la nĂ©gociation automatique des contrats (SLA) permet d’aboutir Ă  un compromis qui satisfait les deux parties. Cependant, pour ĂȘtre efficace, la nĂ©gociation automatique doit considĂ©rer les propriĂ©tĂ©s de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et les complexitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă  la dynamicitĂ© (dynamicitĂ© de la disponibilitĂ© des ressources, dynamicitĂ© des prix). En fait ces critĂšres ont un impact important sur le succĂšs de la nĂ©gociation. Les principales contributions de cette thĂšse rĂ©pondant au dĂ©fi de la nĂ©gociation multi-niveau dans un contexte dynamique sont les suivantes: (1) Nous proposons un modĂšle de nĂ©gociateur gĂ©nĂ©rique qui considĂšre la nature dynamique de l’approvisionnement du Cloud et son impact potentiel sur les rĂ©sultats dĂ©cisionnels. Ensuite, nous construisons un cadre de nĂ©gociation multicouche fondĂ© sur ce modĂšle en l’instanciant entre les couches du Cloud. Le cadre comprend des agents nĂ©gociateurs en communication avec les modules en relation avec la qualitĂ© et le prix du service Ă  fournir (le planificateur, le moniteur, le prospecteur de marchĂ©). (2) Nous proposons une approche de nĂ©gociation bilatĂ©rale entre les utilisateurs finaux et les fournisseurs de service basĂ©e sur une approche d’approvisionnement existante. Les stratĂ©gies de nĂ©gociation sont basĂ©es sur la communication avec les modules d’approvisionnement (le planificateur et l’approvisionneur de machines virtuelles) afin d’optimiser les bĂ©nĂ©fices du fournisseur de service et de maximiser la satisfaction du client. (3) Afin de maximiser le nombre de clients, nous proposons une approche de nĂ©gociation adaptative et simultanĂ©e comme extension de la nĂ©gociation bilatĂ©rale. Nous proposons d’exploiter les changements de charge de travail en termes de disponibilitĂ© et de tarification des ressources afin de renĂ©gocier simultanĂ©ment avec plusieurs utilisateurs non acceptĂ©s (c’est-Ă -dire rejetĂ©s lors de la premiĂšre session de nĂ©gociation) avant la crĂ©ation du contrat SLA. (4) Afin de gĂ©rer toute violation possible de SLA, nous proposons une approche proactive de renĂ©gociation aprĂšs l’établissement de SLA. La renĂ©gociation est lancĂ©e lors de la dĂ©tection d’un Ă©vĂ©nement inattendu (par exemple, une panne de ressources) pendant le processus d’approvisionnement. Les stratĂ©gies de renĂ©gociation proposĂ©es visent Ă  minimiser la perte de profit pour le fournisseur et Ă  assurer la continuitĂ© du service pour le consommateur. Les approches proposĂ©es sont mises en Ɠuvre et les expĂ©riences prouvent les avantages d’ajouter la (re)nĂ©gociation au processus d’approvisionnement. L’utilisation de la (re)nĂ©gociation amĂ©liore le bĂ©nĂ©fice du fournisseur, le nombre de demandes acceptĂ©es et la satisfaction du client.Cloud provisioning is the process of deployment and management of applications on public cloud infrastructures. Cloud provisioning is used increasingly because it enables business providers to focus on their business without having to manage and invest in infrastructure. Cloud provisioning includes two levels of interaction: (1) between end-users and business providers for application provisioning; and (2) between business providers and resource providers for virtual resource provisioning.The cloud market nowadays is a complex environment where business providers need to maximize their monetary profit, and where end-users look for the most efficient services with the lowest prices. With the growth of competition in the cloud, business providers must ensure efficient provisioning that maximizes customer satisfaction and optimizes the providers’ profit. So, both providers and users must be satisfied in spite of their conflicting needs. Negotiation is an appealing solution to solve conflicts and bridge the gap between providers’ capabilities and users’ requirements. Intuitively, automated Service Level Agreement (SLA) negotiation helps in reaching an agreement that satisfies both parties. However, to be efficient, automated negotiation should consider the properties of cloud provisioning mainly the two interaction levels, and complexities related to dynamicity (e.g., dynamically-changing resource availability, dynamic pricing, dynamic market factors related to offers and demands), which greatly impact the success of the negotiation. The main contributions of this thesis tackling the challenge of multi-level negotiation in a dynamic context are as follows: (1) We propose a generic negotiator model that considers the dynamic nature of cloud provisioning and its potential impact on the decision-making outcome. Then, we build a multi-layer negotiation framework built upon that model by instantiating it among Cloud layers. The framework includes negotiator agents. These agents are in communication with the provisioning modules that have an impact on the quality and the price of the service to be provisioned (e.g, the scheduler, the monitor, the market prospector). (2) We propose a bilateral negotiation approach between end-users and business providers extending an existing provisioning approach. The proposed decision-making strategies for negotiation are based on communication with the provisioning modules (the scheduler and the VM provisioner) in order to optimize the business provider’s profit and maximize customer satisfaction. (3) In order to maximize the number of clients, we propose an adaptive and concurrent negotiation approach as an extension of the bilateral negotiation. We propose to harness the workload changes in terms of resource availability and pricing in order to renegotiate simultaneously with multiple non-accepted users (i.e., rejected during the first negotiation session) before the establishment of the SLA. (4) In order to handle any potential SLA violation, we propose a proactive renegotiation approach after SLA establishment. The renegotiation is launched upon detecting an unexpected event (e.g., resource failure) during the provisioning process. The proposed renegotiation decision-making strategies aim to minimize the loss in profit for the provider and to ensure the continuity of the service for the consumer. The proposed approaches are implemented and experiments prove the benefits of adding (re)negotiation to the provisioning process. The use of (re)negotiation improves the provider’s profit, the number of accepted requests, and the client’s satisfaction

    UNDERSTANDING USER PERCEPTIONS AND PREFERENCES FOR MASS-MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS – LEVERAGING MARKET RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND EXAMPLES IN PRIVACY-AWARE DESIGN

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    With cloud and mobile computing, a new category of software products emerges as mass-market information systems (IS) that addresses distributed and heterogeneous end-users. Understanding user requirements and the factors that drive user adoption are crucial for successful design of such systems. IS research has suggested several theories and models to explain user adoption and intentions to use, among them the IS Success Model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Although these approaches contribute to theoretical understanding of the adoption and use of IS in mass-markets, they are criticized for not being able to drive actionable insights on IS design as they consider the IT artifact as a black-box (i.e., they do not sufficiently address the system internal characteristics). We argue that IS needs to embrace market research techniques to understand and empirically assess user preferences and perceptions in order to integrate the "voice of the customer" in a mass-market scenario. More specifically, conjoint analysis (CA), from market research, can add user preference measurements for designing high-utility IS. CA has gained popularity in IS research, however little guidance is provided for its application in the domain. We aim at supporting the design of mass-market IS by establishing a reliable understanding of consumer’s preferences for multiple factors combing functional, non-functional and economic aspects. The results include a “Framework for Conjoint Analysis Studies in IS” and methodological guidance for applying CA. We apply our findings to the privacy-aware design of mass-market IS and evaluate their implications on user adoption. We contribute to both academia and practice. For academia, we contribute to a more nuanced conceptualization of the IT artifact (i.e., system) through a feature-oriented lens and a preference-based approach. We provide methodological guidelines that support researchers in studying user perceptions and preferences for design variations and extending that to adoption. Moreover, the empirical studies for privacy- aware design contribute to a better understanding of the domain specific applications of CA for IS design and evaluation with a nuanced assessment of user preferences for privacy-preserving features. For practice, we propose guidelines for integrating the voice of the customer for successful IS design. -- Les technologies cloud et mobiles ont fait Ă©merger une nouvelle catĂ©gorie de produits informatiques qui s’adressent Ă  des utilisateurs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes par le biais de systĂšmes d'information (SI) distribuĂ©s. Les termes “SI de masse” sont employĂ©s pour dĂ©signer ces nouveaux systĂšmes. Une conception rĂ©ussie de ceux-ci passe par une phase essentielle de comprĂ©hension des besoins et des facteurs d'adoption des utilisateurs. Pour ce faire, la recherche en SI suggĂšre plusieurs thĂ©ories et modĂšles tels que le “IS Success Model” et le “Technology Acceptance Model”. Bien que ces approches contribuent Ă  la comprĂ©hension thĂ©orique de l'adoption et de l'utilisation des SI de masse, elles sont critiquĂ©es pour ne pas ĂȘtre en mesure de fournir des informations exploitables sur la conception de SI car elles considĂšrent l'artefact informatique comme une boĂźte noire. En d’autres termes, ces approches ne traitent pas suffisamment des caractĂ©ristiques internes du systĂšme. Nous soutenons que la recherche en SI doit adopter des techniques d'Ă©tude de marchĂ© afin de mieux intĂ©grer les exigences du client (“Voice of Customer”) dans un scĂ©nario de marchĂ© de masse. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, l'analyse conjointe (AC), issue de la recherche sur les consommateurs, peut contribuer au dĂ©veloppement de systĂšme SI Ă  forte valeur d'usage. Si l’AC a gagnĂ© en popularitĂ© au sein de la recherche en SI, des recommandations quant Ă  son utilisation dans ce domaine restent rares. Nous entendons soutenir la conception de SI de masse en facilitant une identification fiable des prĂ©fĂ©rences des consommateurs sur de multiples facteurs combinant des aspects fonctionnels, non-fonctionnels et Ă©conomiques. Les rĂ©sultats comprennent un “Cadre de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour les Ă©tudes d'analyse conjointe en SI” et des recommandations mĂ©thodologiques pour l'application de l’AC. Nous avons utilisĂ© ces contributions pour concevoir un SI de masse particuliĂšrement sensible au respect de la vie privĂ©e des utilisateurs et nous avons Ă©valuĂ© l’impact de nos recherches sur l'adoption de ce systĂšme par ses utilisateurs. Ainsi, notre travail contribue tant Ă  la thĂ©orie qu’à la pratique des SI. Pour le monde universitaire, nous contribuons en proposant une conceptualisation plus nuancĂ©e de l'artefact informatique (c'est-Ă -dire du systĂšme) Ă  travers le prisme des fonctionnalitĂ©s et par une approche basĂ©e sur les prĂ©fĂ©rences utilisateurs. Par ailleurs, les chercheurs peuvent Ă©galement s'appuyer sur nos directives mĂ©thodologiques pour Ă©tudier les perceptions et les prĂ©fĂ©rences des utilisateurs pour diffĂ©rentes variations de conception et Ă©tendre cela Ă  l'adoption. De plus, nos Ă©tudes empiriques sur la conception d’un SI de masse sensible au respect de la vie privĂ©e des utilisateurs contribuent Ă  une meilleure comprĂ©hension de l’application des techniques CA dans ce domaine spĂ©cifique. Nos Ă©tudes incluent notamment une Ă©valuation nuancĂ©e des prĂ©fĂ©rences des utilisateurs sur des fonctionnalitĂ©s de protection de la vie privĂ©e. Pour les praticiens, nous proposons des lignes directrices qui permettent d’intĂ©grer les exigences des clients afin de concevoir un SI rĂ©ussi

    Confidentiality-Preserving Publish/Subscribe: A Survey

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    Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is an attractive communication paradigm for large-scale distributed applications running across multiple administrative domains. Pub/sub allows event-based information dissemination based on constraints on the nature of the data rather than on pre-established communication channels. It is a natural fit for deployment in untrusted environments such as public clouds linking applications across multiple sites. However, pub/sub in untrusted environments lead to major confidentiality concerns stemming from the content-centric nature of the communications. This survey classifies and analyzes different approaches to confidentiality preservation for pub/sub, from applications of trust and access control models to novel encryption techniques. It provides an overview of the current challenges posed by confidentiality concerns and points to future research directions in this promising field

    Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey

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    As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace. Market research has shown a significant growth of sensor deployments over the past decade and has predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future. These sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data. However, in order to add value to raw sensor data we need to understand it. Collection, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context in relation to sensor data plays critical role in this challenge. Context-aware computing has proven to be successful in understanding sensor data. In this paper, we survey context awareness from an IoT perspective. We present the necessary background by introducing the IoT paradigm and context-aware fundamentals at the beginning. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of context life cycle. We evaluate a subset of projects (50) which represent the majority of research and commercial solutions proposed in the field of context-aware computing conducted over the last decade (2001-2011) based on our own taxonomy. Finally, based on our evaluation, we highlight the lessons to be learnt from the past and some possible directions for future research. The survey addresses a broad range of techniques, methods, models, functionalities, systems, applications, and middleware solutions related to context awareness and IoT. Our goal is not only to analyse, compare and consolidate past research work but also to appreciate their findings and discuss their applicability towards the IoT.Comment: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials Journal, 201

    Decentralized Resource Scheduling in Grid/Cloud Computing

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    In the Grid/Cloud environment, applications or services and resources belong to different organizations with different objectives. Entities in the Grid/Cloud are autonomous and self-interested; however, they are willing to share their resources and services to achieve their individual and collective goals. In such open environment, the scheduling decision is a challenge given the decentralized nature of the environment. Each entity has specific requirements and objectives that need to achieve. In this thesis, we review the Grid/Cloud computing technologies, environment characteristics and structure and indicate the challenges within the resource scheduling. We capture the Grid/Cloud scheduling model based on the complete requirement of the environment. We further create a mapping between the Grid/Cloud scheduling problem and the combinatorial allocation problem and propose an adequate economic-based optimization model based on the characteristic and the structure nature of the Grid/Cloud. By adequacy, we mean that a comprehensive view of required properties of the Grid/Cloud is captured. We utilize the captured properties and propose a bidding language that is expressive where entities have the ability to specify any set of preferences in the Grid/Cloud and simple as entities have the ability to express structured preferences directly. We propose a winner determination model and mechanism that utilizes the proposed bidding language and finds a scheduling solution. Our proposed approach integrates concepts and principles of mechanism design and classical scheduling theory. Furthermore, we argue that in such open environment privacy concerns by nature is part of the requirement in the Grid/Cloud. Hence, any scheduling decision within the Grid/Cloud computing environment is to incorporate the feasibility of privacy protection of an entity. Each entity has specific requirements in terms of scheduling and privacy preferences. We analyze the privacy problem in the Grid/Cloud computing environment and propose an economic based model and solution architecture that provides a scheduling solution given privacy concerns in the Grid/Cloud. Finally, as a demonstration of the applicability of the approach, we apply our solution by integrating with Globus toolkit (a well adopted tool to enable Grid/Cloud computing environment). We also, created simulation experimental results to capture the economic and time efficiency of the proposed solution
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