Vrylating van die gevangene : historiese ontwikkeling en penologiese perspektief

Text in AfrikaansHierdie navorsing is gerig op die vrylating van die gevangene en bet ten doel om aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie, die Suid-Afrikaanse vrylatingstelsel binne die korrektiewe sisteem, histories met die nodige penologiese perspektief te beskryf. Aangesien bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse penologiese literatuur arm is aan inligting met betrekking tot die vrylating van die gevangene en meer spesifiek die vorme van vrylating, is verskeie bronne geidentifiseer ten einde historisiteit saam te vat en kontemporere beleid in die verband te bespreek. Alhoewel 1910 as vertrekpunt geneem is, is die fokus in die grootste mate geplaas op ontwikkeling sedert 1962. Bepaalde aksies deur onder andere die Inrigtingskomitee en Paroolraad kulmineer in die vrylating van die gevangene en om die rede bet die navorser ook die samestelling, bevoegdhede en werksaamhede van vermelde liggame nagevors en beskryf.This research is aimed at the release of the prisoner and the objective is to historically elucidate the release system within the South African correctional system on the basis of a literature study, with the necessary penological perspective. Considering the fact that the existing literature on penology has hardly any information regarding the release of the prisoner and more specifically the different types of release, various sources have been identified in order to condense the historical information and to discuss contemporary policy in this regard. Although 1910 was taken as the starting point, the focus has largely been placed on development since 1962. Specific actions by, inter alia, the Institutional Committee and the Parole Board culminate in the release of the prisoner and for this reason the compilation, the competencies and the activities of the mentioned bodies were also described by the researcher.M.A. (Penologie)Sociolog

Alternatiewe vonnisse en rehabilitasie : 'n penologiese studie

Text in AfrikaansGevangenis oorbevolking is ʼn probleem waarmee die Suid-Afrikaanse korrektiewe stelsel reeds vir baie jare worstel. Suid-Afrika is een van die lande met die hoogste gevangenis bevolking in die wêreld. Een van die grootste probleme wat tot die situasie bydra, is die aantal oortreders wat nie in staat is om borg te betaal nie. ʼn Ander probleem is die aantal verhoorafwagtendes wat in aanhouding is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Witskrif van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, is vasberade om die rehabilitering van die oortreder te bevorder. Die fokus van die studie wentel om die rehabilitasie van die oortreder en die vraag of hierdie doelwit binne die korrektiewe stelsel haalbaar is. Heelwat klem word op die noodsaaklikheid van alternatiewe vonnisse geplaas asook rehabilitasie as strafoogmerk tydens vonnisoplegging. Dit is die navorser se mening dat die korrektiewe stelsel nie die geskikste plek is vir die rehabilitering van die oortreder nie.Criminology and Security ScienceD. Litt. et Phil. (Penology

'n Pleidooi vir die kriminalisering van stigma teen vrygelate gevangenes in Suid-Afrika

A plea for the criminalization of stigma against ex-offenders in South AfricaAgainst the backdrop of Agrizzi’s testimony of large-scale corruption in the Department of Correctional Services (the Bosasa scandal) and the new Minister’s initiative in assisting ex-offenders with job opportunities and resettlement, the question is asked whether or not the paralysing impact of post-release stigma is justified. From a comparative perspective, my point of departure is that imprisonment as South Africa’s dominant sentencing regime has not impacted our unsustainable rates of recidivism and may in fact have made the situation worse. A post-Marxist theoretical perspective questions and problematises the stigma which haunts ex-offenders in stigmatising shaming cultures (such as in South Africa and the US). After examining and rejecting as irrational, the justifications for stigma – since these either apply to the stereotype or are backed by unexamined prejudice – the largely discredited idea of individual responsibility is taken to task. The multi-level complexity of crime is considered, and criminogenic structural oppressions (racism, poverty, sexism, stigma against ex-offenders, growing inequality) are highlighted. It is submitted that stigma qualifies both as hate speech and as being unconstitutional in South Africa. A number of interventions are proposed (such as the criminalisation of stigma against ex-offenders) which are aimed at the promotion of an integrative shaming culture and in a deeply reflective conclusion, the hypocrisy in the wider community is lamented. OPSOMMINGTeen die agtergrond van Agrizzi se getuienis van grootskaalse korrupsie in die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste (die Bosasa-skandaal) en die nuwe Minister se oogmerk om vrygelate gevangenes behulpsaam te wees met werksverskaffing en hervestiging, word die vraag gevra of die verlammende invloed van post-vrylatingstigma geregverdig is. Vanuit ?n volksvergelykende perspektief is die vertrekpunt dat gevangenisstraf as Suid-Afrika se oorheersende strafparadigma nie ons onhoudbare hoë oortredingsyfers enigsins verlaag het nie en dit inderdaad aangeblaas het. ?n Post-Marxistiese teoretiese raamwerk bevraagteken en geproblematiseer die stigma waaronder vrygelate oortreders in harde stigmatiserend-beskamingskulture (Suid-Afrika, die VSA) gebuk gaan. Nadat die regverdigings vir stigma oorweeg en as onsinnig verwerp is – dit slaan op die stereotipe óf ongeregverdigde vooroordeel – word die grootliks gediskrediteerde gedagte aan indiwiduele aanspreeklikheid aan die orde gestel. Die multivlak-kompleksiteit van misdaad as ?n maatskaplike verskynsel word ondersoek en strukturele verdrukkings (rassisme, chauvinisme, armoede, stigma teen vrygelate voormalige oortreders, verdiepende ongelykheid) wat as teelaarde vir misdaad dien, word ook belig. Ek doen aan die hand dat sodanige stigma op beide haatspraak en ongrondwetlikheid in Suid-Afrika neerkom. Ten slotte word ingrype (byvoorbeeld kriminalisering van stigma) ter bevordering van ?n integrerend-beskamende kultuur aan die hand gedoen en in ?n bepeinsende slotsom word die maatskaplike huigelary rondom hierdie vraagstuk bekla.   https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.85.1.247

Evaluering van die effektiwiteit van die vaardigheidsprogram soos aangebied deur maatskaplike werkers in 'n gevangenis

Summaries in Engish and AfrikaansThe goal of this research is to evaluate whether a personal and social skills program can effectively be implemented by social workers in a prison. A control- and experimental group were used in a quasiexperimental design. The respondents were twenty-four white, male, sentenced prisoners in Pretoria Central Prison. The Heimler scale for social functioning and the Hudson-scale for family relations are the standard questionnaires, which were utilised to measure results during the pre-testing and post-testing phase. All twenty-four respondents completed the scales during the pre- and post-testing phase. The Wilcoxon t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical purposes. A computer was used to process data. Both measurement scales confirmed positive results. The independent variable, that is, the personal and social skills program had an effect in the desired direction on respondents in the experimental group. The Hudson-scale for interpersonal relationships, however, showed more dramatic results. The results for the control group, showed noticeable decline in both social functioning of the respondents as well as experience of family relationships.Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal of maatskaplike werkers in 'n gevangenis 'n persoonlike en sosiale vaardigheidsprogram effektief kan implementeer. 'n Kontrole- en eksperimentele groep was benut in die uitvoering van 'n kwasi-eksperimentele ontwerp. Die proefpersone was vier-entwintig Blanke, manlike gevangenes te Pretoria-Sentraal Gevangenis. Die Heimler-skaal vir maatskaplike funksionering en die Hudsonskaal vir gesinsverhoudinge was die gestandardiseerde vraelyste, wat gebruik is om die resultate tydens voor- en na-toetsing. Die meetinstrumente is deur al vier-en-twintig respondente voltooi. Die Wilcoxon t-toets en Mann-Whitney U-toets is benut vir statistiese doeleindes. 'n Rekenaar is gebruik om data te verwerk. Beide metingskale het positiewe resultate getoon. Die onafhanklike veranderlike, die persoonlike- en sosialevaardigheidsprogram, het 'n effek in die gewenste rigtings gehad op die proefpersone in die ksperimentele groep, hoewel die Hudson-skaal vir gesinsverhoudinge, meer dramatiese resultate getoon het. Die resultate van die proefpersone in die kontrole groep, het merkbare agteruitgang getoon op beide skale.Social SciencesM.A. (Social Work

Penologiese ondersoek rakende die assessering en evaluering van oortreders vir korrektiewe toesig

Summaries in English and AfrikaansDie proefskrif poog om 'n penologiese evaluering rakende die assessering van oortreders vir korrektiewe toesig weer te gee. Korrektiewe toesig is 'n vonnisopsie wat oortreders binne die gemeenskap rebabiliteer. 'n Literatuurstudie oor die ontwikkeling van korrektiewe toesig in verskillende wereldlande is ingestel asook die wetlike ontstaan en praktiese toepassing in Suid-Afrika. Korrektiewe toesig is met deeglike navorsing deur die Krugel-Werkgroep vooraf gegaan. Die Witskrif rakende die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste wat op navorsing gevolg bet, is gedurende Mei 1991 in die parlement van Suid-Afrika ter tafel gele. Parlementsdebatte is gevolg deur wetswysigings van onder andere die Strafproseswet, 1977 en die Wet op Gevangenisse, 1959. Eenstemmigheid het genoemde parlementsitting gekenmerk wat gevolg het tot die instelling van korrektiewe toesig. Korrektiewe toesig soos deur die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste toegepas word, is ondersoek maar veral die funksionering van huisarres, monitering en gemeenskapsdiens. Die assessering van oortreders en hul promovering vanaf maksimum intensiewe na medium - en na minimum - van huisarres sowel as monitering is nagegaan. Assesseringsmetodes van die State Georgie en Wisconsin in die V.S.A. asook ander kriteria is ondersoek om die geskiktheid van oortreders te klassifiseer deur middel van 'n seleksieproses. 'n Profielstudie van kandidate by die Kaapstadse gemeenskapskorreksie-kantoor is opgestel met 'n ondersoek vanuit 624 gevalle asook die menings van landdroste in Pretoria en die distrik van Wonderboom rakende korrektiewe toesig.This thesis is an attempt to give a penological evaluation relating to the assessment and suitability of offenders for correctional supervision. Correctional supervision is a sentencing option aimed at rehabilitating offenders within community context. This research will focus on the development of correctional supervision in differnt countries around the world inclusive of South Africa. The implementation of correctional supervision in South Africa was precede by research done by the Kriigel Commission. In May 1991 a White paper was tabled in Parliament regarding the broadening of the mission of the Department of Correctional Services. Much debate in Parliament resulted in amendments to inter alia the Criminal Procedures Act, 1977 and the Prisons Act, 1959. In this thesis the application of cor!'ectional supervision as redered by the Department of Correctional Services is investigated with special reference to house arrest, monitoring and community service. Assessment and promotion from maximum intensive to medium intensive and to minimum intensive supervision are also looked at. Assessment methods and other criteria in the States of Georgia and Wisconsin in the United States of America are investigated in order to propose classification categories for the selection of offenders. A profile of an offender under supervision was undertaken with 624 cases from the Cape Town office for Correctional Supervision as well as in Pretoria and the district of Wonderboom.Criminology and Security ScienceD.Litt. et Phil. (Kriminologie

Groepwerk binne die gevangenis met oortreders van vader-dogter bloedskande

Tesis (M.A.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1993.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oortreders van vader-dogter bloedskande is 'n vinnig groeiende deel van die gevangenisbevolking. Maatskaplike werkers in die gevangenisopset is reeds vir 'n geruime tyd bewus van leemtes wat bestaan ten hulpverlening aan hierdie oortreders. In hierdie ondersoek is gefokus op die kennis, houding en vaardighede waaroor die maatskaplike werkers moet beskik wat groepwerk, die aangewese metodie, met hierdie oortreders wil doen nie slegs is die kennis, vaardighede en houding wat noodsaaklik is teoreties bepaal nie, maar die navorser het ook die kennis, vaardighede en houding van maatskaplike werkers werksaam in die gevangenisopset empiries ondersoek met behulp van vraelyste wat hulle voltooi het. Gebrekkige vaardighede rakende groepwerk met hierdie oortreders, en ook gebrekkige kennis van die kenmerke van die oortreders was deel van die aansienlike aantal leerbehoeftes wat deur die respondente uitgewys is. Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak en aanbevelings is gedoen rakende groepwerk - volgens kognitiewe herstrukturering en gedragsmodifikasie - met die oortreders van vader-dogter bloedskande in die gevangenisopset. Klem is geplaas op die stel van riglyne rakende die kenmerke van die oortreders, oorsaaklike faktore en groepswerk met hierdie oortreders, wat die maatskaplike werkers van hulp kan wees met hulpverlening aan insestuese oortreders in die gevangenisopset.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Offenders of father-daughter incest is a rapidly growing part of the prison population. Social workers in the prison set-up are already aware of loopholes which exist with regard to the guidance of these offenders. In this investigation, focus was placed on the knowledge, attitude and skills of which the social workers must dispose to do group work, which is the appropriate method for these offenders. Not only was the knowledge, attitude and skills which is necessary theoretically determined, but the researcher also empirically investigated the knowledge, skills and attitude of social workers working in the prison set-up with the aid of questionnaires which they completed. Insufficient skills regarding group work with these offenders and also insufficient knowledge of the characteristic of these offenders were part of the substantial amount of learning requirements which were exposed by the respondents. Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding group work according to cognitive restructuring and behaviour modification with the offenders of father-daughter incest in the prison set-up. Emphasis is placed on the setting of guidelines regarding the characteristic of these offenders, factors causing these offenses, and group work with these offenders, which would help the social workers with assistance to these offenders in the prison set-up

Regstellende aksie in die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste (1995-1999)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study explores how affirmative action took place in the Department of Correctional Services (DCS)from 1995to 1999 in the Western Cape. There are many impediments that must still be bridged. This study is not guided by a specific research hypothesis but focuses on the process of affirmative action from 1995 to 1999. A systematic outline of the development of the affirmative action process in the public sector are given. Firstly, guidelines as set out for a transformation process in the white paper : transformation of the public sector are highlighted, secondly guidelines for Department Affirmative Action programmes and lastly Affirmative Action in the Department of Correctional Services with specific referral to Linda Human's Blueprint for AA in above mentioned Department. The core focus is to gain perspective with regard to affirmative action in the South African context, the aspects that led to the process of affirmative action, identification of current policy and legislation which encourages affirmative action, the timeframe set aside for this process in the public sector with a specific focus on the Department of Correctional Services. In order to detect how affirmative action took place on grassroots level within the DCS, a case study was conducted, focussing on a specific management area Drakenstein. Generalisation to other management areas cannot occur, since each area is unique with regard to affirmative action needs although application of the process is based on broader national and provincial objectives. The st~dy can precede a more in depth study of programme evaluation of affirmative action over the past five years since 1995. Methodological problems and challenges of the research goal are highlighted and explained. Recommendation for an affirmative action plan en further research on the subject of affirmative action,will be given.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is verkennend van aard en stel vas hoe regstellende aksie binne die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste vanaf 1995tot 1999 in die Wes-Kaap plaasgevind het. Regstellende aksie is 'n nuwe proses, wat deurlopend plaasvind. Vir praktiese redes word daar slegs vasgestel hoe die proses binne een Staatsdepartement aangepak is in die genoemde vyfjaar tydperk. Daar is nog baie hindernisse en foute wat oorbrug moet word. Die studie word dus nie deur 'n spesifieke navorsingshiptotese gelei nie, maar fokus slegs op die verloop van die proses vanaf 1995- 1999. 'n Sistematiese uiteensetting van die verloop van die regstellende aksie proses in die openbare sektor word gegee. Eerstens word daar gekyk na riglyne vir die transformasieproses soos uiteengesit in die Witskrif: Transformasie van die Openbare Sektor, tweedens na riglyne vir Departementele Regstellende Aksie programme en laastens na regstellende aksie in die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste met spesifieke verwysing na Linda Human se blouskrif vir Regstellende Aksie binne genoemde departement. Die volgende doelwitte is dus met die studie beoog :- Om perspektief te verkry met betrekking tot regstellende aksie binne die Suid Afrikaanse konteks - watter aspekte aanleiding gegee het tot die proses van regstellende aksie, die identifisering van huidige beleid en wetgewing wat regstellende aksie aanmoedig, die verloop van die proses van regstellende aksie in die openbare sektor met spesifieke fokus op die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste. Ook om te fokus op 'n spesifieke Bestuursarea binne die DKD, naamlik Drakenstein om vas te stel of regstellende aksie wel op grondvlak plaasvind en hoe ingelig lede met betrekking tot die proses is, alhoewel daar nie veralgemeen kan word na ander Bestuurareas nie aangesien elke Bestuursarea sy eie unieke regstellende aksie behoeftes gei'dentifiseer en toegepas het op grond van bree Nasionale en Provinsiale doelwitte. Die studie kan 'n meer indiepte studie van program evaluasie van regstellende aksie voorafgaan, waarin die program van regstellende aksie binne die DKD oor die afgelope vyf jaar sedert 1995 krities geevalueer word, Die metodologiese problematiek en uitdagings wat deur bogenoemde navorsingsdoelwit gestel word, word verklaar en in perspektief gestel. Die tesis word afgesluit met aanbevelings vir 'n regstellende aksieplan en verdere navorsing

'n Teologiese evaluasie van Kapelane in die Suid-Afrikaanse departement van Korrektiewe dienste as herstellende geregtigheids missionale leiers

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tussentydse / Interim Konstitusie wat gedurende 1993 in Suid-Afrika bekend gestel is, het die fokus na die fundamentele regte van alle mense woonagtig in ons land, verskuif. Dit het ook die regte van oortreders ingesluit. Dit was egter ń uitdaging aan die Department van Korrektiewe Dienste om ń rigtinggewende Strategiese Plan te ontwikkel, om te waarborg dat veilige menswaardige omstandighede gehandhaaf sal word binne die oortreder populasie in gevangenisse. Die eerste vyf jaar van Demokrasie het geweldige transformasie binne die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste teweeg gebring. Met die aanvang van, en die in gebruikneming van Wet 8 van 1959, in die destydse Suid Afrikaanse Gevangenisdiens, is meer klem op die geestelike versorging van gevangenes aangekondig. Navorsing ten opsigte van die betrokkenheid van Kapelane en hul werk assulks by gevonnisde oortreders se geestelike versorging, was egter beperk. Kapelane het ‘n integrale rol gespeel in die lewe van gevonnisde oortreders. Korrektiewe Kapelane is beskou as belangrike agente van sosiale verandering binne die lewe van gevonnisde oortreders. Een van die bevindinge van ‘n studie van Glaser (1964), “Die Effektiwiteit van ‘n Gevangenes en Voorwaardelike Vrylating Sisteem”, het Korrektiewe Kapelane gemeet as die tweede belangrikste beamptes binne die Korrektiewe sisteem, wat gevangenes lei op die roete van rehabilitasie en verandering. Met die uitvoering van hierdie taak, word Korrektiewe Kapelane gesien as ondersteuners van een van die sleutel doelwitte binne die Korrektiewe Sisteem. Met die aanvang van 1990’s het nuwe navorsingsontwikkelaars, binne die paradigmatiese veld van teoriegedrewe evaluering, wat ook ingesluit het die opkomende paradigma van Toerie van Verandering en Kritiese Realisme, dít as begrip bekend gestel. Hierdie opkomende paradigma naamlik, Teorie van Verandering is ontwikkel by ‘n Rondetafel van Gemeenskapsverandering met die doel om kompleksgebaseerde veranderende intervensies, te evalueer. Verder moet dit geïmplimenteer word op grond van die evaluering van programteorieë, met die doel om vas te stel of die verbintenisse tussen intervensies, kontekste en uitkomste, deur die ontwikkeling en toetsing van logiese modelle, bestaan. Realistiese Evaluering (RE) wat deur Pawson en Tilly (1986) ontwikkel is, word deur hulle geargumenteer, deur te stel dat vanuit die staanspoor, dit van kardinale belang was vir programontwikkelaars en beleidsvormers om die volgende kritiese evaluerende vrae te vra, naamlik: ‘wat werk en in watter omstandighede -, vir wie werk dit, in kontras tot die normatiewe vraag, het dit gewerk, en dan bloot antwoorde daarop te verskaf. Realistiese Evaluasie poog om te identifiseer wat die onderliggende gegenereerde meganismes en die uitkomste van die intervensies is, en hoe dít lei tot die navorser se konseptualisering daarvan. Dit het sy oorspronklike ontstaan in die filosofiese wortels van Kritiese Realisme gehad. Binne die Kritiese Realistiese benadering word die "Context - Mechanism - Outcome: CMOs", as strategie vir data analise gebruik. Kritiese Realisme: Potensiaal om die agentskap vir God oop te maak: Kritiese realisme verbind Realistiese ontologie met relativistiese epistolomologie. Dit erken dat die kennis subjektief is en alle pogings om die wȇreld te verstaan begin by ons konsep daarvan (Danermark et al. 2002:15). Terselfdertyd beweer kritiese realisme dat daar iets daar buite is wat ‘n werklikheid is: iets meer verhewe aswat ons dit vir onsself kan konseptualiseer. Kritiese realisme vermy die ‘epistemiese feilbaarheid / broosheid’ van die vermindering van die ontologiese wȇreld wat van dit verstaan kan word. Dít is belangrik in missiologie dat daar aandag aan die mission Dei aspek gegee word, terwyl dit soms onmoontlik is om die bestaan van God te bewys. Alhoewel ons nog steeds die punt bereik van rede en voorwaardelikheid, wat ons oordele van die realiteit, objektief beinvloed. (Archer, Collier, and Porpora 2004:2 et al Taylor 2020:58)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Interim Constitution that was introduced during 1993 in South Africa placed the focus on the fundamental rights of all humans, who live in our country. This also included the rights of offenders. One of the objectives was also to create a culture of Human Rights within the South African Correctional System. However the Department of Correctional Services was challenged with developing a 'Strategic Direction Plan' to ensure that safe human conditions are upheld within their offender population. The first five years of Democracy brought enormous transformation within the Department. With the inception of Act 8 of 1959, within the old dispensation of the South African Prison Service, the focus was for the first time placed on spiritual care of offenders. Chaplains began to play an integrated role in the lives of sentenced offenders. Research in relation to spiritual care of sentenced offenders was limited. Correctional Chaplains became important agents of social change within the lives of sentenced offenders. One of the findings of a research study that was conducted by Glaser (1964), 'The Effectiveness of a Prison and Probation System', offenders measured Correctional Chaplains as the second highest members of importance within a Correctional System that guides them on the path of rehabilitation and change. With the execution of this task, Correctional Chaplains are seen as supporters of one of the key objectives within a Correctional System. With the dawn of the new dispensation in South Africa in the 1990’s, new research developers within the paradigm field of theory-driven evaluation, which also included the emerging paradigm of Theory of Change, and Critical Realism, was introduced. This emerging paradigm, Theory of Change was developed within a Round Table concept of community meetings, with the purpose to evaluate the complex changing interventions. Furthermore, it must be implemented on the evaluation of program theories with the purpose of determining the links between interventions, context and outcomes through developing and testing logical models. Realistic Evaluation (RE) was developed by Pawson and Tilly (1996) that argued from the onset that it became important for program developers and policy makers to critically ask the following evaluative questions namely: what works, in which circumstances it works and for whom does it works in contrast to the normative question of did it work and to only give answers. Realistic Evaluation attempts to identify the underpinned generative mechanisms and outcomes of interventions and it also guides the researcher to conceptualization. This has it’s origin in the philosophy of critical realism. Within the Critical Realism approach, the 'CMO' [Context, Mechanism and Outcome] is used as strategy for data analyses. Critical Realism: Potentially Open to the Agency of God: Critical realism combines a realist ontology with a relativist epistemology. It acknowledges that knowledge is subjective and every “attempt to understand and explain the world starts from our concepts of it” (Danermark et al. 2002:15). At the same time, critical realism also contends that there is something real out there: something more than what we can construct or conceptualize for ourselves. By holding these ideas in tension, critical realism avoids the “epistemic fallacy” of reducing the ontological world to what can be understood of it. This is important in missiology that seeks to be attentive to the missio Dei. While unable to prove the existence of God, we may still arrive at “reasoned, though provisional, judgements about what reality is objectively like”. (Archer, Collier, and Porpora 2004:2 et al Taylor 2020:58)Doctora

Outonomie in gevangeskap : 'n ekosistemiese perspektief

Text in AfrikaansDie tradisionele Newtoniaanse wetenskapsbeskouing berus op drie basiese aannames, naamlik lineere oorsaaklikheid, reduksionisme en objektiwiteit. Ernstige kritiek word al hoe meer teen hierdie basiese aannames van die Newtoniaanse benadering geopper. Veral vanuit die sistemiese en ekosistemiese benaderings is alternatiewelike denkraamwerke tot hierdie benadering voorgestel. Die mees kontemporere denkraamwerk (epistemologie), naamlik die ekosistemiese benadering, is gebaseer op outonomie, struktuurgedetermineerdheid, attribusie van betekenis en konstruktivisme. Hierdie ekosistemiese beginsels is in hierdie studie gebruik om gevangenisproblematiek (wat tot op hede gekenmerk was deur Newtoniaanse denke) te herkonseptualiseer. Die nuwe konseptualisering is prakties in die psigoterapeutiese proses met gevangenes ge'lllustreer. In hierdie proses is outonomie op drie vlakke (die van gevangene, terapeut en gevangenisstelsel) bevorder. Hierdie konseptualisering skyn dus 'n wetenskaplikverantwoordbare basis te bied waarbinne gevangenisstelsels beskou kan word.The traditional Newtonian approach to science is based on three fundamental assumtions, namely linear causality, reductionism and objectivity. Serious criticism is increasingly being brought against these fundamental assumptions of the Newtonian approach. Specifically the systemic and ecosystemic approaches have presented alternative ways of thought (epistemology). The mos t contemporary epistemology, namely the ecosystemic approach, is based on autonomy, structure-determinism, attribution of meaning and constructivism. These ecosystemic principles were used in this study to reconceptualize problems associated with prisoners, problems previously approached in a Newtonian way. This new conceptualization was practically illustrated in the psychotherapeutic process with prisoners. In this process autonomy of the prisoner, therapist and the prison system was promoted. This conceptualization present a scientifically justified basis for thinking about correctional systems.PsychologyM.A. (Sielkunde

'n Kriminologiese ondersoek na motorvoertuigkaping met spesifieke verwysing na slagoffervatbaarheid, slagofferaandadigheid en die modus operandi van die oortreder (Afrikaans)

The nature and extent of vehicle hijacking is increasing world-wide. Vehicle hijacking is also one of the most serious crimes the South African Police Service has to deal with. The climate of violence that currently exists in South Africa and the need for more knowledge concerning priority crimes necessitate research on this topic. Although research that has been undertaken in South Africa to date focuses on the nature and extent of vehicle hijacking as well as the victim’s experience of the event, little empirical information exists regarding the modus operandi of offenders and the victim’s role in the commission of the crime. On account of this it was decided to investigate the planning, operational and escaping phases which reflect the modus operandi of the hijacker. An attempt was also made to determine the extent to which victims are vulnerable to vehicle hijacking and how individuals could contribute to their victimisation. To test the research expectations and hypotheses, 110 victims and 12 vehicle hijackers were involved in the study. A mailed questionnaire was sent to the victims, while interviews were conducted with 12 hijackers in the Pretoria Central Prison. Based upon the analysis and interpretation of the data it was found that most hijackers spend at least some time on the planning of a vehicle hijacking. They also considered both the positive (namely the financial advantage gained from hijacking) and the negative aspects (namely injuries, death, arrest and imprisonment) associated with committing the crime. Analysis of the data shows that vehicle hijacking does not occur involuntarily and that hijackers select specific targets. Although the misconception exists that the vehicle and the motorist are equally important during the selection of the target, the findings show that the vehicle which is on order, serves as the main reason for target selection. The race of the motorist as well as the number of passengers in the vehicle are the only two variables that influence hijackers not to select an identified target. Furthermore, it seems evident that the presence of policy officials is the only environmental factor that will deter a hijacker from committing the crime. The findings also show that hijackers prefer a specific day, time, place and circumstances to hijack a vehicle and that hijacking is a group activity that is executed by two to four males. Verbal threats as well as violence form part of the hijacking. It appears that race and occupation are the only two demographic variables that influence vulnerability. The make and value of the vehicle as well as the number of passengers in the vehicle could increase a victim’s potential risk for victimisation. The findings show that victims cannot be held accountable for a vehicle hijacking. Victims rarely neglect to take the necessary precautions against victimisation, enter potentially dangerous situations and/or drive recklessly. Based upon that findings, certain conclusions with regard to the aims of the study are reached. Based on this, recommendations are made concerning further research as well as suggestions regarding the prevention of vehicle hijacking.Thesis (DPhil(Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2005.Social Work and CriminologyUnrestricte