Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tussentydse / Interim Konstitusie wat gedurende 1993 in Suid-Afrika bekend gestel is, het die fokus na die fundamentele regte van alle mense woonagtig in ons land, verskuif. Dit het ook die regte van oortreders ingesluit. Dit was egter ń uitdaging aan die Department van Korrektiewe Dienste om ń rigtinggewende Strategiese Plan te ontwikkel, om te waarborg dat veilige menswaardige omstandighede gehandhaaf sal word binne die oortreder populasie in gevangenisse. Die eerste vyf jaar van Demokrasie het geweldige transformasie binne die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste teweeg gebring.
Met die aanvang van, en die in gebruikneming van Wet 8 van 1959, in die destydse Suid Afrikaanse Gevangenisdiens, is meer klem op die geestelike versorging van gevangenes aangekondig. Navorsing ten opsigte van die betrokkenheid van Kapelane en hul werk assulks by gevonnisde oortreders se geestelike versorging, was egter beperk. Kapelane het ‘n integrale rol gespeel in die lewe van gevonnisde oortreders.
Korrektiewe Kapelane is beskou as belangrike agente van sosiale verandering binne die lewe van gevonnisde oortreders. Een van die bevindinge van ‘n studie van Glaser (1964), “Die Effektiwiteit van ‘n Gevangenes en Voorwaardelike Vrylating Sisteem”, het Korrektiewe Kapelane gemeet as die tweede belangrikste beamptes binne die Korrektiewe sisteem, wat gevangenes lei op die roete van rehabilitasie en verandering. Met die uitvoering van hierdie taak, word Korrektiewe Kapelane gesien as ondersteuners van een van die sleutel doelwitte binne die Korrektiewe Sisteem.
Met die aanvang van 1990’s het nuwe navorsingsontwikkelaars, binne die paradigmatiese veld van teoriegedrewe evaluering, wat ook ingesluit het die opkomende paradigma van Toerie van Verandering en Kritiese Realisme, dít as begrip bekend gestel. Hierdie opkomende paradigma naamlik, Teorie van Verandering is ontwikkel by ‘n Rondetafel van Gemeenskapsverandering met die doel om kompleksgebaseerde veranderende intervensies, te evalueer. Verder moet dit geïmplimenteer word op grond van die evaluering van programteorieë, met die doel om vas te stel of die verbintenisse tussen intervensies, kontekste en uitkomste, deur die ontwikkeling en toetsing van logiese modelle, bestaan.
Realistiese Evaluering (RE) wat deur Pawson en Tilly (1986) ontwikkel is, word deur hulle geargumenteer, deur te stel dat vanuit die staanspoor, dit van kardinale belang was vir programontwikkelaars en beleidsvormers om die volgende kritiese evaluerende vrae te vra, naamlik: ‘wat werk en in watter omstandighede -, vir wie werk dit, in kontras tot die normatiewe vraag, het dit gewerk, en dan bloot antwoorde daarop te verskaf. Realistiese Evaluasie poog om te identifiseer wat die onderliggende gegenereerde meganismes en die uitkomste van die intervensies is, en hoe dít lei tot die navorser se konseptualisering daarvan. Dit het sy oorspronklike ontstaan in die filosofiese wortels van Kritiese Realisme gehad. Binne die Kritiese Realistiese benadering word die "Context - Mechanism - Outcome: CMOs", as strategie vir data analise gebruik.
Kritiese Realisme: Potensiaal om die agentskap vir God oop te maak: Kritiese realisme verbind Realistiese ontologie met relativistiese epistolomologie. Dit erken dat die kennis subjektief is en alle pogings om die wȇreld te verstaan begin by ons konsep daarvan (Danermark et al. 2002:15). Terselfdertyd beweer kritiese realisme dat daar iets daar buite is wat ‘n werklikheid is: iets meer verhewe aswat ons dit vir onsself kan konseptualiseer. Kritiese realisme vermy die ‘epistemiese feilbaarheid / broosheid’ van die vermindering van die ontologiese wȇreld wat van dit verstaan kan word. Dít is belangrik in missiologie dat daar aandag aan die mission Dei aspek gegee word, terwyl dit soms onmoontlik is om die bestaan van God te bewys. Alhoewel ons nog steeds die punt bereik van rede en voorwaardelikheid, wat ons oordele van die realiteit, objektief beinvloed. (Archer, Collier, and Porpora 2004:2 et al Taylor 2020:58)ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Interim Constitution that was introduced during 1993 in South Africa placed the focus on the fundamental rights of all humans, who live in our country. This also included the rights of offenders. One of the objectives was also to create a culture of Human Rights within the South African Correctional System. However the Department of Correctional Services was challenged with developing a 'Strategic Direction Plan' to ensure that safe human conditions are upheld within their offender population. The first five years of Democracy brought enormous transformation within the Department.
With the inception of Act 8 of 1959, within the old dispensation of the South African Prison Service, the focus was for the first time placed on spiritual care of offenders. Chaplains began to play an integrated role in the lives of sentenced offenders. Research in relation to spiritual care of sentenced offenders was limited. Correctional Chaplains became important agents of social change within the lives of sentenced offenders. One of the findings of a research study that was conducted by Glaser (1964), 'The Effectiveness of a Prison and Probation System', offenders measured Correctional Chaplains as the second highest members of importance within a Correctional System that guides them on the path of rehabilitation and change. With the execution of this task, Correctional Chaplains are seen as supporters of one of the key objectives within a Correctional System. With the dawn of the new dispensation in South Africa in the 1990’s, new research developers within the paradigm field of theory-driven evaluation, which also included the emerging paradigm of Theory of Change, and Critical Realism, was introduced. This emerging paradigm, Theory of Change was developed within a Round Table concept of community meetings, with the purpose to evaluate the complex changing interventions. Furthermore, it must be implemented on the evaluation of program theories with the purpose of determining the links between interventions, context and outcomes through developing and testing logical models. Realistic Evaluation (RE) was developed by Pawson and Tilly (1996) that argued from the onset that it became important for program developers and policy makers to critically ask the following evaluative questions namely: what works, in which circumstances it works and for whom does it works in contrast to the normative question of did it work and to only give answers. Realistic Evaluation attempts to identify the underpinned generative mechanisms and outcomes of interventions and it also guides the researcher to conceptualization. This has it’s origin in the philosophy of critical realism. Within the Critical Realism approach, the 'CMO' [Context, Mechanism and Outcome] is used as strategy for data analyses.
Critical Realism: Potentially Open to the Agency of God: Critical realism combines a realist ontology with a relativist epistemology. It acknowledges that knowledge is subjective and every “attempt to understand and explain the world starts from our concepts of it” (Danermark et al. 2002:15). At the same time, critical realism also contends that there is something real out there: something more than what we can construct or conceptualize for ourselves. By holding these ideas in tension, critical realism avoids the “epistemic fallacy” of reducing the ontological world to what can be understood of it. This is important in missiology that seeks to be attentive to the missio Dei. While unable to prove the existence of God, we may still arrive at “reasoned, though provisional, judgements about what reality is objectively like”. (Archer, Collier, and Porpora 2004:2 et al Taylor 2020:58)Doctora
