169,336 research outputs found
(Un)Conditional Sample Generation Based on Distribution Element Trees
Recently, distribution element trees (DETs) were introduced as an accurate
and computationally efficient method for density estimation. In this work, we
demonstrate that the DET formulation promotes an easy and inexpensive way to
generate random samples similar to a smooth bootstrap. These samples can be
generated unconditionally, but also, without further complications,
conditionally utilizing available information about certain probability-space
components.Comment: published online in the Journal of Computational and Graphical
Statistic
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Log-Concave Densities on Tree Space
Phylogenetic trees are key data objects in biology, and the method of
phylogenetic reconstruction has been highly developed. The space of
phylogenetic trees is a nonpositively curved metric space. Recently,
statistical methods to analyze the set of trees on this space are being
developed utilizing this property. Meanwhile, in Euclidean space, the
log-concave maximum likelihood method has emerged as a new nonparametric method
for probability density estimation. In this paper, we derive a sufficient
condition for the existence and uniqueness of the log-concave maximum
likelihood estimator on tree space. We also propose an estimation algorithm for
one and two dimensions. Since various factors affect the inferred trees, it is
difficult to specify the distribution of sample trees. The class of log-concave
densities is nonparametric, and yet the estimation can be conducted by the
maximum likelihood method without selecting hyperparameters. We compare the
estimation performance with a previously developed kernel density estimator
numerically. In our examples where the true density is log-concave, we
demonstrate that our estimator has a smaller integrated squared error when the
sample size is large. We also conduct numerical experiments of clustering using
the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and compare the results with
k-means++ clustering using Fr\'echet mean.Comment: 41 pages, 10 figure
Estimasi Biomasa Dan Karbon Tersimpan Pada Pinus Merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese Di Hutan Pinus Gn. Bunder, Tn. Gn. Halimun Salak [Biomass Estimation and Carbon Stock on Pinus Merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese in Pine Forest at Bunder Mount, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park]
A study on the biomass and carbon stock estimation of Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese plantation has been conducted on 17-years and 30-years old pine forest in Gunung Bunder, Halimun Salak National Park. The method used was the allometric with non destructive technique. The results showed that pine trees density of 30-years old pine was 542 trees ha-1 ; the basal area (BA) was 26.8 m2 ha-1; trees density of 17-years old pine was 1,398 tree ha-1 with BA was 36.2 m2 ha-1. The estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 30-years old pine were 203.7, 96.5 and 354.2 ton ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimation of biomass, carbon sinks and CO2 sequestration of 17-years old pine were 188.3, 86.8 and 318.5 ton ha-1, respectively. Value of the environmental services derived from the CO2 absorption for the development of a pine forest ranged from US.$ 1,847.09 to 2,054.22, at two ages of pine trees
Density Trees for Efficient Nonlinear State Estimation
In this paper, a new class of nonlinear Bayesian estimators based on a special space partitioning structure, generalized Octrees, is presented. This structure minimizes memory and calculation overhead. It is used as a container framework for a set of node functions that approximate a density piecewise. All necessary operations are derived in a very general way in order to allow for a great variety of Bayesian estimators. The presented estimators are especially well suited for multi-modal nonlinear estimation problems. The running time performance of the resulting estimators is first analyzed theoretically and then backed by means of simulations. All operations have a linear running time in the number of tree nodes
Cascaded High Dimensional Histograms: A Generative Approach to Density Estimation
We present tree- and list- structured density estimation methods for high
dimensional binary/categorical data. Our density estimation models are high
dimensional analogies to variable bin width histograms. In each leaf of the
tree (or list), the density is constant, similar to the flat density within the
bin of a histogram. Histograms, however, cannot easily be visualized in higher
dimensions, whereas our models can. The accuracy of histograms fades as
dimensions increase, whereas our models have priors that help with
generalization. Our models are sparse, unlike high-dimensional histograms. We
present three generative models, where the first one allows the user to specify
the number of desired leaves in the tree within a Bayesian prior. The second
model allows the user to specify the desired number of branches within the
prior. The third model returns lists (rather than trees) and allows the user to
specify the desired number of rules and the length of rules within the prior.
Our results indicate that the new approaches yield a better balance between
sparsity and accuracy of density estimates than other methods for this task.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figure
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