1,496 research outputs found
Privacy and Transparency in Blockchain-based Smart Grid Operations
In the past few years, blockchain technology has emerged in numerous smart grid applications,
enabling the construction of systems without the need for a trusted third party. Blockchain
offers transparency, traceability, and accountability, which lets various energy management system
functionalities be executed through smart contracts, such as monitoring, consumption analysis,
and intelligent energy adaptation. Nevertheless, revealing sensitive energy consumption information
could render users vulnerable to digital and physical assaults. This paper presents a novel method
for achieving a dual balance between privacy and transparency, as well as accountability and
verifiability. This equilibrium requires the incorporation of cryptographic tools like Secure Mul-
tiparty Computation and Verifiable Secret Sharing within the distributed components of a multi-
channel blockchain and its associated smart contracts. We corroborate the suggested architecture
throughout the entire process of a Demand Response scenario, from the collection of energy data
to the ultimate reward. To address our proposal’s constraints, we present countermeasures against
accidental crashes and Byzantine behavior while ensuring that the solution remains appropriate
for low-performance IoT devices
Consensus Algorithms and Deep Reinforcement Learning in Energy Market: A Review
Blockchain (BC) and artificial intelligence (AI) are often utilised separately in energy trading systems (ETS). However, these technologies can complement each other and reinforce their capabilities when integrated. This paper provides a comprehensive review of consensus algorithms (CA) of BC and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in ETS. While the distributed consensus underpins the immutability of transaction records of prosumers, the deluge of data generated paves the way to use AI algorithms for forecasting and address other data analytic related issues. Hence, the motivation to combine BC with AI to realise secure and intelligent ETS. This study explores the principles, potentials, models, active research efforts and unresolved challenges in the CA and DRL. The review shows that despite the current interest in each of these technologies, little effort has been made at jointly exploiting them in ETS due to some open issues. Therefore, new insights are actively required to harness the full potentials of CA and DRL in ETS. We propose a framework and offer some perspectives on effective BC-AI integration in ETS
BC4LLM: Trusted Artificial Intelligence When Blockchain Meets Large Language Models
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are
reshaping society's production methods and productivity, and also changing the
paradigm of scientific research. Among them, the AI language model represented
by ChatGPT has made great progress. Such large language models (LLMs) serve
people in the form of AI-generated content (AIGC) and are widely used in
consulting, healthcare, and education. However, it is difficult to guarantee
the authenticity and reliability of AIGC learning data. In addition, there are
also hidden dangers of privacy disclosure in distributed AI training. Moreover,
the content generated by LLMs is difficult to identify and trace, and it is
difficult to cross-platform mutual recognition. The above information security
issues in the coming era of AI powered by LLMs will be infinitely amplified and
affect everyone's life. Therefore, we consider empowering LLMs using blockchain
technology with superior security features to propose a vision for trusted AI.
This paper mainly introduces the motivation and technical route of blockchain
for LLM (BC4LLM), including reliable learning corpus, secure training process,
and identifiable generated content. Meanwhile, this paper also reviews the
potential applications and future challenges, especially in the frontier
communication networks field, including network resource allocation, dynamic
spectrum sharing, and semantic communication. Based on the above work combined
and the prospect of blockchain and LLMs, it is expected to help the early
realization of trusted AI and provide guidance for the academic community
Zone-Based Privacy-Preserving Billing for Local Energy Market Based on Multiparty Computation
This paper proposes a zone-based privacy-preserving billing protocol for
local energy markets that takes into account energy volume deviations of market
participants from their bids. Our protocol incorporates participants' locations
on the grid for splitting the deviations cost. The proposed billing model
employs multiparty computation so that the accurate calculation of individual
bills is performed in a decentralised and privacy-preserving manner. We also
present a security analysis as well as performance evaluations for different
security settings. The results show superiority of the honest-majority model to
the dishonest majority in terms of computational efficiency. They also show
that the billing can be executed for 5000 users in less than nine seconds in
the online phase for all security settings, demonstrating its feasibility to be
deployed in real local energy markets
Blockchain in the built environment: analysing current applications and developing an emergent framework
Distributed ledger technology (DLT), commonly referred to as ‘blockchain’ and originally invented to create a peer-to-peer digital currency, is rapidly attracting interest in other sectors. The aim in this paper is (1) to investigate the applications of DLT within the built environment, and the challenges and opportunities facing its adoption; and (2) develop a multi-dimensional emergent framework for DLT adoption within the construction sector.
Key areas of DLT applications were found in: smart energy; smart cities and the sharing economy; smart government; smart homes; intelligent transport; Building Information Modelling (BIM) and construction management; and business models and organisational structures. The results showed a significant concentration of DLT research on the operation phase of assets. This is expected given the significant resources and lifespan associated with the operation phase of assets and their social, environmental and economic impact. However, more attention is required to address the current gap at the design and construction phases to ensure that these phases are not treated in isolation from the operational phase.
An emergent framework combining the political, social and technical dimensions was developed. The framework was overlaid with an extensive set of challenges and opportunities. The structured and inter-connected dimensions provided by the framework can be used by field researchers as a point of departure to investigate a range of research questions from political, social or technical perspectives
Smarter City: Smart Energy Grid based on Blockchain Technology
The improvement of the Quality of Life (QoL) and the enhancement of the Quality of Services (QoS) represent the main goal of every city evolutionary process. It is possible making cities smarter promoting innovative solutions by use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for collecting and analysing large amounts of data generated by several sources, such as sensor networks, wearable devices, and IoT devices spread among the city. The integration of different technologies and different IT systems, needed to build smart city applications and services, remains the most challenge to overcome. In the Smart City context, this paper intends to investigate the Smart Environment pillar, and in particular the aspect related to the implementation of Smart Energy Grid for citizens in the urban context. The innovative characteristic of the proposed solution consists of using the Blockchain technology to join the Grid, exchanging information, and buy/sell energy between the involved nodes (energy providers and private citizens), using the Blockchain granting ledger
Using blockchain to create and capture value in the energy sector
The undergoing digital transition of the energy sector refers to the integration of
decentralized ledger technologies and data-driven solutions that have the potential to truly
revolutionize its ecosystem and business practices. The aim of a decentralized, inter connected and two-way interactive energy grid can be enabled by leveraging blockchain
technologies. This research investigates how blockchain technology can create and capture
value from data and the new business models applied in Web 3.0 and blockchain-based
environments in the energy sector. A qualitative case study research design was conducted for
primary data collection and pilot projects by the European Commission were used for
secondary data collection. The analysis shows local energy communities as the main
blockchain application in this sector, with adjacent applications such as P2P energy trading,
smart contract & metering, carbon trading and grid management. The main benefits
associated are transparency, integrity, grid automation and renewable energy sources
promotion, and obstacles are mainly associated with the contrasting centralized design of the
current energy systems. We conclude that value is created and captured through data
provenance and transparency, data monetization and tokenization, and data sharing and
collaboration in blockchain platforms. New business models include the decentralization and
fusion between energy production and consumption, generating a new actor known as the
prosumer. Fundamental to a successful implementation of local energy communities that
allow energy and asset trading between peers.A transição digital do sector energético baseia-se na integração de tecnologias de registo
descentralizadas e de soluções de tratamento de dados que têm o potencial de revolucionar o
seu ecossistema. O objetivo de uma rede de energia descentralizada e interconectada em
ambos os sentidos, pode ser concretizado através do recurso a tecnologias blockchain. Esta
investigação analisa a forma como esta tecnologia pode criar e reter valor a partir de dados e
dos novos modelos de negócio associados à Web 3.0 e a ambientes baseados em blockchain
neste sector. Para a recolha de dados primários, foi efetuado um caso de estudo qualitativo.
Para dados secundários foram analisados os projetos-piloto da Comissão Europeia. A análise
demonstra que as comunidades locais de energia são a principal aplicação da blockchain, com
aplicações adjacentes como trocas de energia P2P, contratos e contadores inteligentes,
comércio de carbono e gestão da rede. Os principais benefícios associados são a
transparência, a integridade, a automatização da rede e a promoção das fontes de energia
renováveis. Os obstáculos estão principalmente associados à estrutura centralizada dos atuais
sistemas energéticos. Concluímos que o valor é criado e capturado através da proveniência,
transparência, monetização, tokenização e integração de dados em plataformas blockchain. Os
novos modelos de negócio incluem a descentralização e a fusão entre a produção e o consumo
de energia, gerando um novo elemento neste sector, o prosumer. Fundamental para uma
implementação bem sucedida de comunidades locais de energia que permitam o comércio de
energia e de ativos entre pares
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