Looking beyond Pixels:Theory, Algorithms and Applications of Continuous Sparse Recovery

Sparse recovery is a powerful tool that plays a central role in many applications, including source estimation in radio astronomy, direction of arrival estimation in acoustics or radar, super-resolution microscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Conventional approaches usually resort to discretization, where the sparse signals are estimated on a pre-defined grid. However, sparse signals do not line up conveniently on any grid in reality. While the discrete setup usually leads to a simple optimization problem that can be solved with standard tools, there are two noticeable drawbacks: (i) Because of the model mismatch, the effective noise level is increased; (ii) The minimum reachable resolution is limited by the grid step-size. Because of the limitations, it is essential to develop a technique that estimates sparse signals in the continuous-domain--in essence seeing beyond pixels. The aims of this thesis are (i) to further develop a continuous-domain sparse recovery framework based on finite rate of innovation (FRI) sampling on both theoretical and algorithmic aspects; (ii) adapt the proposed technique to several applications, namely radio astronomy point source estimation, direction of arrival estimation in acoustics, and single image up-sampling; (iii) show that the continuous-domain sparse recovery approach can surpass the instrument resolution limit and achieve super-resolution. We propose a continuous-domain sparse recovery technique by generalizing the FRI sampling framework to cases with non-uniform measurements. We achieve this by identifying a set of unknown uniform sinusoidal samples and the linear transformation that links the uniform samples of sinusoids to the measurements. The continuous-domain sparsity constraint can be equivalently enforced with a discrete convolution equation of these sinusoidal samples. The sparse signal is reconstructed by minimizing the fitting error between the given and the re-synthesized measurements subject to the sparsity constraint. Further, we develop a multi-dimensional sampling framework for Diracs in two or higher dimensions with linear sample complexity. This is a significant improvement over previous methods, which have a complexity that increases exponentially with dimension. An efficient algorithm has been proposed to find a valid solution to the continuous-domain sparse recovery problem such that the reconstruction (i) satisfies the sparsity constraint; and (ii) fits the measurements (up to the noise level). We validate the flexibility and robustness of the FRI-based continuous-domain sparse recovery in both simulations and experiments with real data. We show that the proposed method surpasses the diffraction limit of radio telescopes with both realistic simulation and real data from the LOFAR radio telescope. In addition, FRI-based sparse reconstruction requires fewer measurements and smaller baselines to reach a similar reconstruction quality compared with conventional methods. Next, we apply the proposed approach to direction of arrival estimation in acoustics. We show that accurate off-grid source locations can be reliably estimated from microphone measurements with arbitrary array geometries. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the continuous-domain sparsity constraint in regularizing an otherwise ill-posed inverse problem, namely single-image super-resolution. By incorporating image edge models, the up-sampled image retains sharp edges and is free from ringing artifacts

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion

A complex systems approach to education in Switzerland

The insights gained from the study of complex systems in biological, social, and engineered systems enables us not only to observe and understand, but also to actively design systems which will be capable of successfully coping with complex and dynamically changing situations. The methods and mindset required for this approach have been applied to educational systems with their diverse levels of scale and complexity. Based on the general case made by Yaneer Bar-Yam, this paper applies the complex systems approach to the educational system in Switzerland. It confirms that the complex systems approach is valid. Indeed, many recommendations made for the general case have already been implemented in the Swiss education system. To address existing problems and difficulties, further steps are recommended. This paper contributes to the further establishment complex systems approach by shedding light on an area which concerns us all, which is a frequent topic of discussion and dispute among politicians and the public, where billions of dollars have been spent without achieving the desired results, and where it is difficult to directly derive consequences from actions taken. The analysis of the education system's different levels, their complexity and scale will clarify how such a dynamic system should be approached, and how it can be guided towards the desired performance

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

PROCEEDING THE 2nd INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON LINGUISTICS (ISOL-2): Language and Civilization

ISOL is a biennial international seminar held by the Linguistics Graduate Program of Faculty of Humanity, Andalas University in collaboration with the Linguistic Society of Indonesia (MLI), Unand Chapter. ISOL aims to provide a discussion platform for linguists and language observers across Indonesia. Its main objective is to enhance the exchange of research and new approaches in language studies. The seminar is open to interested people from outside of Indonesia. The theme of the 2nd ISOL is Language and Civilization. Civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization. It is also defined as the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. Over time, the word civilization has come to imply something beyond the organization. It refers to a particular shared way of thinking about the world as well as a reflection on that world in art, literature, drama and a host of other cultural happenings. Language is itself a social construct – a component of social reality. Thus, like all social constructs and conventions, it can be changed. A civilization is any complex state society which is characterized by urban development, social stratification, symbolic communication forms and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment. To advance civilization is to construct a new social reality which emerges through language. In other words, social reality is the operational expression of words and the meanings of them that society has agreed upon. Language is itself a social construct – a component of social reality. Thus, like all social constructs and conventions, it can be changed