Clinical decision support system, a potential solution for diagnostic accuracy improvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a rapidly progressive disease and despite the progress in the treatment of cancer, remains a life-threatening illness with a poor prognosis. Diagnostic techniques of the oral cavity are not painful, non-invasive, simple and inexpensive methods. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are the most important diagnostic technologies used to help health professionals to analyze patients’ data and make decisions. This paper, by studying CDSS applications in the process of providing care for the cancer patients, has looked into the CDSS potentials in OSCC diagnosis. METHODS: We retrieved relevant articles indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed database using high-quality keywords. First, the title and then the abstract of the related articles were reviewed in the step of screening. Only research articles which had designed clinical decision support system in different stages of providing care for the cancer patient were retained in this study according to the input criteria. RESULTS: Various studies have been conducted about the important roles of CDSS in health processes related to different types of cancer. According to the aim of studies, we categorized them into several groups including treatment, diagnosis, risk assessment, screening, and survival estimation. CONCLUSION: Successful experiences in the field of CDSS applications in different types of cancer have indicated that machine learning methods have a high potential to manage the data and diagnostic improvement in OSCC intelligently and accurately. KEYWORDS: Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Clinical Decision Support System; Neoplasm; Dental Informatic

Machine Learning Applications in Dentistry

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a breakthrough in many fields including medicine and dentistry where new approaches can be employed to solve challenging decision making processes faced in the dental field. Artificial intelligence can be used as a decision support mechanism to solve the increasing population and consequently the increasing dental treatment needs. It also assists dentists in diagnosis and treatment planning stages that require expert opinion. This mini-review covers some of the recent studies in this area and envisions future directions on the use of machine learning in dental problems

An in vitro study of post-restorative bleaching: effect on microleakage

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Aim and Objectives: To assess the effect of bleaching on the marginal integrity of Class V composite resin restorations. To determine the effect of a 6% hydrogen peroxide over the counter and a 38% hydrogen peroxide in-office vital bleaching treatment products on the microleakage of Class V composite restorations.South Afric

Correlation between Natural Tooth Shade and Scleral Shade using Vita Toothguide 3D-Master Shade Guide and Digital Photography

INTRODUCTION: Prosthodontists have always been faced with the challenge of harmonizing tooth shade with facial appearance in patients undergoing full mouth restorations. The knowledge of human tooth shade and its distribution are very important to the understanding of shade matching in aesthetic dentistry. In prosthetic applications, shade selection of an artificial teeth is based mainly on visual comparison of the remaining teeth. Attempt has been made to find out the association of tooth shade with colour of skin, hairs, iris etc. with the aid of commercially available shade matching systems to improve the quality of shade matching. Traditionally, shade selection has been performed visually with the aid of a shade guide. The ability to perceive color differences varies from person to person, and experience in shade matching may also be of importance. Digital imaging has potential use in dental shade determination. Various shade matching software’s are also available to analyze the digital images to aid in shade matching. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to find the correlation between natural tooth shade and scleral shade using vita tooth guide 3d-master shade guide and digital photography MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 subjects, were selected based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomly chosen. They are subjected to thorough history and clinical examination as per the structured case proforma sheet designed for the study. Patients tooth shade will be assessed using vita 3d-master shade guide and photography will be taken. Then patients scleral shade will be assessed using vita 3d master shade guide and photographs will be taken using DSLR camera and the digital images obtained are analyzed using photoshop software and L, a, b values are obtained. RESULTS: In this study it is found that there is moderately strong correlation between the value of tooth shade and scleral shade obtained. The correlation strength of chroma of tooth shade and scleral shade is weak. The hue of tooth shade and scleral shade is strongly correlating. The hue, chroma, value of tooth and scleral shade was assessed by visual shade matching method using vita3d master shade guide. Digital images acquired in digital photography was assessed using photoshop software and L, a, b values are calculated. The correlation strength of lightness (L) value of tooth and sclera is very strong and the a, b values were found to be moderately strong. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results obtained it is concluded that there is a correlation between the tooth shade and scleral shade of the study population. The hue, value of tooth shade and scleral shade showed a strong correlation whereas they differed in the intensity. The chroma (intensity) of scleral shade was lesser when compared to tooth shade. This may be due to the presence of conjunctiva, subconjunctival space and tenons capsule outside the sclera. The values of CIELAB obtained by digital photography ha shown a strong association between the tooth and scleral shade. Hence, scleral shade can be used as a guide in tooth shade selection in completely edentulous patients and vice versa

Study of the relationship between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children attending pediatric clinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry

Obesity is an alarming worldwide health concern as both adults and children can be affected. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus are among the most commonly associated systemic problems with obesity. In addition, obesity in children has very harmful effects on the growth and development. Genetic factors can contribute to obesity, however, in most of the cases, it is caused by poor dietary habits, high sugar and fat intake and reduced physical activity. On the other hand, the other effect of ingestion of unhealthy food is manifested on the oral health, such as development of dental caries. Tooth decay is associated with poor oral hygiene and the consumption of high sugar foods will lead to a prolonged drop in intraoral pH and subsequently produce dental caries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship 1) between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries, and 2) between age group, daily sugar intake, daily oral self-care and dental caries among pediatric patients attending Polyclinic of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). A total of 120 patients attending pediatric clinic aged between three to twelve years old were involved in this study. A questionnaire about the daily sugar intake and oral care of the children was given and answered by the parents. Body weight and height of the children were measured. The children were grouped according to BMI categories: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Dental charting was done, and the children were categorized based on the caries risk assessment: low, medium, and high. Out of 120 patients, 20.8% patients were underweight, 65% were normal, 5% were overweight, and 9.2% were obese. Meanwhile, 16.7% of the children had low caries risk, 20.8% had medium caries risk and 62.5% had high caries risk. Even though both underweight and overweight children showed higher caries risk than normal weight children, however, there was no statistically significant association between BMI category and dental caries (p>0.0.5). Children in the age group three to six scored highest in high caries risk (74.2%). Additionally, children with low sugary intake showed the highest percentage of low caries risk (50%). This study also found that the children who did not brush their teeth showed the highest caries risk (76.9%). There was a statistically significant association between daily sugar intake and dental caries (p=0.045), sugar intake and BMI (p=0.03) and age group and caries risk (p=0.000). Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which is caused by various factors like age, diet, and oral self-care. Therefore, BMI can be attributed to play only a partial role in determining caries status in children. Hence, proper oral health education and dietary advice since early childhood should be emphasized to achieve a good oral healt

A Novel Decisionâ Making Process for Tooth Retention or Extraction

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141780/1/jper0476.pd

Dentist’s knowledge on management of first permanent molar with poor prognosis in children

The first permanent molars (FPM) has been identified as the permanent dentition tooth with the highest caries risk and a high prevalence of caries in children. The treatment would be conservative restoration. But when the tooth has become badly carious, unrestorable or non-vital in a developing dentition, it gives a significant challenge to decide whether to save the tooth by doing endodontic therapy or extracting the tooth. Orthodontically, the FPM is rarely the tooth of choice for extraction. However, in an ideal situation, the extraction of FPM will be followed by an eruption of a second permanent molar (SPM) to replace FPM, and the third molar will erupt to complete the dentition. Thus, this study aimed to assess the dentist’s knowledge regarding the management of poor FPM, their treatment choice and the reasons behind their choices. A cross-sectional sample of 17 dentists completed a selfadministered questionnaire covering; knowledge and practice of management of FPM with poor prognosis. Majority of them did not fully understand compensating and balancing extraction and the ideal timing for extracting FPMs. 64.7% believed in saving non-vital FPM in developing dentition rather than extracting them. However, 70% choose extraction to manage unrestorable and badly caries FPM. This indicated that most of the dentists who participated in this study were not aware of the enforced extraction of the FPM and the guideline of management of FPM with poor diagnosis

A pilot study on expectation and satisfaction of denture patients in IIUM dental clinic

A patient’s expectations can profoundly affect the satisfaction with a new denture construction. Previous studies have stated that prosthetic treatment failures occur not because of the clinical and technical problems but due to unrealistic expectations of the patient who expects the denture to be comparable to the natural dentition functionally and aesthetically. It is vital to determine the level of patient expectations and educate them so that their expectation could be kept at a reasonable level. In addition, this could ensure high satisfaction with the dental treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the patient expectation and satisfaction before and after denture construction. This research involves 40 patients who received one or a pair of complete dentures at the Kuliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM. The subjects were divided into two groups, a tested and a control group. The tested group received an informational pamphlet and none for the control group. Patients with partial dentition on both arches and patients with severe gag reflex were excluded from this study. The level of expectation and satisfaction of the patient toward the prosthesis was measured by using a self-administered questionnaire. There was no significance differences of expectation and satisfaction shown between the tested and control groups before treatment. However, after a session of denture education by using an informational pamphlet, the level of expectation reduced, and the level of satisfaction increased slightly in the tested group. The use of informational pamphlets during denture education does give a positive impact on the outcome of prosthodontics treatment

Compendium of dental sciences research

“Compendium of Dental Sciences Research” is a collection of research reports prepared by our own academicians and researchers from Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia. The research topic highlighted in the current publication encompassed multidisciplinary areas related to oral health and dental sciences with the overall aim to provide knowledge and share the outcome of the research with a wider community. The publication of the research book was to assist our lecturers to share and showcase their research output to a wider audience. It is also to acknowledge the work that has been carried out by our undergraduate students. This book will surely complement other references book especially when one would like to find the appropriate methodology and analysis to be applied particularly for those who will be doing similar oral health and dental sciences research. It is hoped that this book will create a continuous link between basic and clinical sciences, supporting and encouraging the expansion of knowledge for the advancement of dental sciences