Raffinement des intentions

Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur

Users' trust in information resources in the Web environment: a status report

This study has three aims; to provide an overview of the ways in which trust is either assessed or asserted in relation to the use and provision of resources in the Web environment for research and learning; to assess what solutions might be worth further investigation and whether establishing ways to assert trust in academic information resources could assist the development of information literacy; to help increase understanding of how perceptions of trust influence the behaviour of information users

Detection and resolution of normative conflicts in multi-agent systems : a literature survey

Peer reviewedPostprin

Evidence combination for incremental decision-making processes

The establishment of a medical diagnosis is an incremental process highly fraught with uncertainty. At each step of this painstaking process, it may be beneficial to be able to quantify the uncertainty linked to the diagnosis and steadily update the uncertainty estimation using available sources of information, for example user feedback, as they become available. Using the example of medical data in general and EEG data in particular, we show what types of evidence can affect discrete variables such as a medical diagnosis and build a simple and computationally efficient evidence combination model based on the Dempster-Shafer theory

Logic-Based Specification Languages for Intelligent Software Agents

The research field of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) aims to find abstractions, languages, methodologies and toolkits for modeling, verifying, validating and prototyping complex applications conceptualized as Multiagent Systems (MASs). A very lively research sub-field studies how formal methods can be used for AOSE. This paper presents a detailed survey of six logic-based executable agent specification languages that have been chosen for their potential to be integrated in our ARPEGGIO project, an open framework for specifying and prototyping a MAS. The six languages are ConGoLog, Agent-0, the IMPACT agent programming language, DyLog, Concurrent METATEM and Ehhf. For each executable language, the logic foundations are described and an example of use is shown. A comparison of the six languages and a survey of similar approaches complete the paper, together with considerations of the advantages of using logic-based languages in MAS modeling and prototyping.Comment: 67 pages, 1 table, 1 figure. Accepted for publication by the Journal "Theory and Practice of Logic Programming", volume 4, Maurice Bruynooghe Editor-in-Chie

Behavior change interventions: the potential of ontologies for advancing science and practice

A central goal of behavioral medicine is the creation of evidence-based interventions for promoting behavior change. Scientific knowledge about behavior change could be more effectively accumulated using "ontologies." In information science, an ontology is a systematic method for articulating a "controlled vocabulary" of agreed-upon terms and their inter-relationships. It involves three core elements: (1) a controlled vocabulary specifying and defining existing classes; (2) specification of the inter-relationships between classes; and (3) codification in a computer-readable format to enable knowledge generation, organization, reuse, integration, and analysis. This paper introduces ontologies, provides a review of current efforts to create ontologies related to behavior change interventions and suggests future work. This paper was written by behavioral medicine and information science experts and was developed in partnership between the Society of Behavioral Medicine's Technology Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Theories and Techniques of Behavior Change Interventions SIG. In recent years significant progress has been made in the foundational work needed to develop ontologies of behavior change. Ontologies of behavior change could facilitate a transformation of behavioral science from a field in which data from different experiments are siloed into one in which data across experiments could be compared and/or integrated. This could facilitate new approaches to hypothesis generation and knowledge discovery in behavioral science

Physicians’ attitudes towards human papillomavirus vaccination programme: A systematic review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a newly introduced vaccine against cervical cancer in adolescent girls. Uptake of the vaccine will be dependent on parental acceptability and physician recommendation. To review physicians’ attitudes towards HPV vaccine and identify factors that may influence their intent. Also, to determine if there is any difference in the views of different medical specialties with regards to HPV vaccination. Articles were obtained through computerised searches of CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library and Science Direct, as well as manual searches in recognised scientific journal. Articles involving physicians’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviour towards HPV vaccine published from 2007 onwards. One reviewer independently assessed relevant studies, risk of bias and data extraction. Twenty nine studies were included in the final review. Twenty four studies used survey for data collection and five studies used interview. Majority of the studies revealed positive view of physicians towards HPV vaccine with high intent to provide vaccination. Barriers identified against HPV vaccination include the following: cost and reimbursement issue; providers concern about vaccine safety; parental concern over vaccine’s safety and efficacy; age is considered too young for vaccination; issue that HPV vaccine could promote sexual activity, recommendation of HPV vaccine from organisations; communication related to sexuality; need for education and other factors like dosing, patient overload, boys should also be vaccinated and parental religious beliefs. No significant difference was noted between specialties with regards to their view about HPV vaccine. Physicians’ role is important in the promotion of HPV vaccine with their high intent and positive attitudes. In order for the HPV vaccination programme to succeed, vaccine should be made available and affordable especially to countries with high incidence of cervical cancer