New Fundamental Technologies in Data Mining

The progress of data mining technology and large public popularity establish a need for a comprehensive text on the subject. The series of books entitled by "Data Mining" address the need by presenting in-depth description of novel mining algorithms and many useful applications. In addition to understanding each section deeply, the two books present useful hints and strategies to solving problems in the following chapters. The contributing authors have highlighted many future research directions that will foster multi-disciplinary collaborations and hence will lead to significant development in the field of data mining

Single View Modeling and View Synthesis

This thesis develops new algorithms to produce 3D content from a single camera. Today, amateurs can use hand-held camcorders to capture and display the 3D world in 2D, using mature technologies. However, there is always a strong desire to record and re-explore the 3D world in 3D. To achieve this goal, current approaches usually make use of a camera array, which suffers from tedious setup and calibration processes, as well as lack of portability, limiting its application to lab experiments. In this thesis, I try to produce the 3D contents using a single camera, making it as simple as shooting pictures. It requires a new front end capturing device rather than a regular camcorder, as well as more sophisticated algorithms. First, in order to capture the highly detailed object surfaces, I designed and developed a depth camera based on a novel technique called light fall-off stereo (LFS). The LFS depth camera outputs color+depth image sequences and achieves 30 fps, which is necessary for capturing dynamic scenes. Based on the output color+depth images, I developed a new approach that builds 3D models of dynamic and deformable objects. While the camera can only capture part of a whole object at any instance, partial surfaces are assembled together to form a complete 3D model by a novel warping algorithm. Inspired by the success of single view 3D modeling, I extended my exploration into 2D-3D video conversion that does not utilize a depth camera. I developed a semi-automatic system that converts monocular videos into stereoscopic videos, via view synthesis. It combines motion analysis with user interaction, aiming to transfer as much depth inferring work from the user to the computer. I developed two new methods that analyze the optical flow in order to provide additional qualitative depth constraints. The automatically extracted depth information is presented in the user interface to assist with user labeling work. In this thesis, I developed new algorithms to produce 3D contents from a single camera. Depending on the input data, my algorithm can build high fidelity 3D models for dynamic and deformable objects if depth maps are provided. Otherwise, it can turn the video clips into stereoscopic video

Investigation and Analysis of Phenomena in the Far-Infrared Region

The far-infrared (IR) frequency range, or more specifically the terahertz (THz) frequency range, of the electromagnetic spectrum has been comparatively underutilised in the field of solid-state vibrational spectroscopy. This was historically owing to a lack of coherent sources and detectors but now stems from the challenges involved with the interpretation of the resultant spectra as the excited motions in this frequency range consist of complex motions that must be deciphered with the aid of computational simulation using methods such as Density Functional Theory (DFT). This, in turn, gives rise to its own challenges as the accurate simulation of large organic molecular crystals can be computationally expensive. In DFT, weak intermolecular bonds such as H-bonds are poorly represented and an empirical correction is often included to account for them. These are called dispersion corrections and an investigation into the appropriate dispersion correction for α-Lactose Monohydrate (α-LM) was conducted. This molecule was chosen owing to its uncommonly sharp absorption peaks in this frequency range. DFT uses the harmonic approximation to calculate vibrational mode frequencies but this will inevitably remove important anharmonic effects, such as thermal expansion, from the calculation which may reduce correlation between calculated and experimental spectra. The Quasi-Harmonic Approximation (QHA) allows for thermal expansion to be incorporated into the system by applying the harmonic approximation to a range of volumes. This was used to calculate the thermodynamic properties and temperature dependent mode properties of α-LM. This in turn was used to calculate the THz absorption spectrum of α-LM at 300 K. The primary source of THz radiation for broadband spectroscopy is photoconductive switches. These are excited with femtosecond laser pulses that are focused onto a gap between two electrodes. An investigation into the appropriate gap-size for a photoconductive switch being excited by a 150 mW fibre laser was carried out, with the appropriate gap-size being determined to be 20 µm

Microscopy Conference 2017 (MC 2017) - Proceedings

Das Dokument enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge aller Teilnehmer an der Mikroskopiekonferenz "MC 2017", die vom 21. bis 25.08.2017, in Lausanne stattfand

Microscopy Conference 2017 (MC 2017) - Proceedings

Das Dokument enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge aller Teilnehmer an der Mikroskopiekonferenz "MC 2017", die vom 21. bis 25.08.2017, in Lausanne stattfand