Review of codes of conduct, voluntary guidelines and principles relevant for farm data sharing

Codes of conduct, voluntary guidelines, sets of principles on how to transparently govern farm data are a recent thing. While laws and regulations that govern personal data are becoming more and more common, legislation still does not cover data flows in many industries where different actors in the value chain need to share data and at the same time protect all involved from the risks of data sharing. Data in these value chains is currently governed through private data contracts or licensing agreements, which are normally very complex and on which data producers have very little negotiating power. Codes of conduct have started to emerge to fill the legislative void and to set common standards for data sharing contracts: codes provide principles that the signatories/subscribers/members agree to apply in their contracts

Convergent innovation in emerging healthcare technology ecosystems: Addressing complexity and integration

Precision Medicine and Digital Health are emerging areas in healthcare, and they are underpinned by convergent or cross-industry innovation. However, convergence results in greater uncertainty and complexity in terms of technologies, value networks, and organization. There has been limited empirical research on emerging and convergent ecosystems, especially in addressing the issue of integration. This research identifies how organizations innovate in emerging and convergent ecosystems, specifically, how they address the challenge of integration. We base our research on empirical analyses using a series of longitudinal case studies employing a combination of case interviews, field observations, and documents. Our findings identify a need to embrace the complexity by adopting a variety of approaches that balance “credibility-seeking” and “advantage-seeking” behaviours, to navigate, negotiate, and nurture both the innovation and ecosystem, in addition to a combination of “analysis” and “synthesis” actions to manage aspects of integration. We contribute to the convergent innovation agenda and provide practical approaches for innovators in this domain.innovation and ecosystem, with a combination of ‘analysis’ and ‘synthesis’ actions to manage aspects of integration. We contribute to the convergent innovation agenda and provide practical approaches for innovators in this domain

Learning from Indigenous knowledge for improved natural resource management in the Barmah-Millewa in a changing and variable climate

The integration of different forms of knowledge of the relationships between climate, people and natural resources is an important issue in adapting to climate change. With some of the longest continuing cultures on earth, the indigenous communities of Australia hold valuable knowledge that has not generally been used effectively or equitably in environmental decision making. Indigenous people have not been empowered to participate in decision making processes due, in part, to lack of mutual understanding of western science and indigenous knowledge systems and lack of capacity to capture, manage and present traditional knowledge in indigenous communities. This project explored how the deep knowledge of country of the Yorta Yorta people on the Murray River could be used to strengthen their participation and influence in regional natural resource management processes affecting the Barmah-Millewa Forest. We undertook a community mapping process to collect Yorta Yorta knowledge and combine it in a GIS framework with conventional environmental and other data. This framework is the basis for producing integrated maps and analyses to support decision making in the region. In addition, we undertook an appraisal of institutional barriers and bridges to sustainable management of the Barmah-Millewa. The project arose as a community-led initiative following several years of conversation between the Yorta Yorta community and university academics on the threats climate change poses for the community and possible community responses. As a unique partnership, a key principle of this project was ethical and respectful relations among Western researchers and Indigenous partners, and hence authentic engagement with traditional knowledge keepers both within and beyond the research team was embedded in all stages of this project

From Sensor to Observation Web with Environmental Enablers in the Future Internet

This paper outlines the grand challenges in global sustainability research and the objectives of the FP7 Future Internet PPP program within the Digital Agenda for Europe. Large user communities are generating significant amounts of valuable environmental observations at local and regional scales using the devices and services of the Future Internet. These communities’ environmental observations represent a wealth of information which is currently hardly used or used only in isolation and therefore in need of integration with other information sources. Indeed, this very integration will lead to a paradigm shift from a mere Sensor Web to an Observation Web with semantically enriched content emanating from sensors, environmental simulations and citizens. The paper also describes the research challenges to realize the Observation Web and the associated environmental enablers for the Future Internet. Such an environmental enabler could for instance be an electronic sensing device, a web-service application, or even a social networking group affording or facilitating the capability of the Future Internet applications to consume, produce, and use environmental observations in cross-domain applications. The term ?envirofied? Future Internet is coined to describe this overall target that forms a cornerstone of work in the Environmental Usage Area within the Future Internet PPP program. Relevant trends described in the paper are the usage of ubiquitous sensors (anywhere), the provision and generation of information by citizens, and the convergence of real and virtual realities to convey understanding of environmental observations. The paper addresses the technical challenges in the Environmental Usage Area and the need for designing multi-style service oriented architecture. Key topics are the mapping of requirements to capabilities, providing scalability and robustness with implementing context aware information retrieval. Another essential research topic is handling data fusion and model based computation, and the related propagation of information uncertainty. Approaches to security, standardization and harmonization, all essential for sustainable solutions, are summarized from the perspective of the Environmental Usage Area. The paper concludes with an overview of emerging, high impact applications in the environmental areas concerning land ecosystems (biodiversity), air quality (atmospheric conditions) and water ecosystems (marine asset management)

APS200 project – the place of science in policy development in the public service

The report aims to achieve better government outcomes through facilitating the effective use of scientific input in policy development in the public service. The Australian Public Service (APS) is increasingly tasked with solving complex policy problems that require significant input from science in order to address them fully and appropriately. Policy making within the APS needs to be based on a rigorous, evidence‐based approach that routinely and systematically draws upon science as a key element. The Australian Government’s investment in science, research and innovation capacity supports a long‐term vision to address national challenges and open up new opportunities. This investment is also significant, with the Commonwealth providing $8.9 billion to support science, research and innovation in 2012‐13. There is an opportunity to harness this investment to address complex societal challenges, by ensuring that scientific research and advice is more effectively incorporated in the development of evidence‐based policy. There is an opportunity for policy makers to make better use of the science capacity provided by our science institutions, including publicly funded research agencies and other science agencies, universities, Cooperative Research Centres and Medical Research Institutes. There is also an opportunity to capitalise on the willingness of scientists to contribute their research results to the policy making process

Suuryrityksen kasvuohjelma startupeille

Sustaining a constant flow of innovation is necessary to obtain and maintain competitive advantage in any line of business. To enhance its innovation activities, the case company, Nokia Corporation, aims to embrace external sources of innovation, one of which is the ever growing startup community. Collaboration with startups enables Nokia to swiftly expand its product offering while avoiding the tedious early stages of new product development. The main purpose of the research was to identify the challenges that have emerged in the collaboration between Nokia and startups, and to formulate solutions to overcome them. Methods of accelerating startup growth were also explored. The desired outcome of the research was a light weight process, which Nokia could use to systematically work with startups. The findings of the research suggest that the challenges Nokia is facing are common in other large corporations, which are looking to collaborate with startups. These include the lack of clear ownership structure and vision, and heavy processes designed for large corporations. Even though the problems are common, no universally applicable solutions exist. The solutions need to be formulated and customized for each case separately. As a result of the study, a startup collaboration program was created for Nokia, comprising of four main building blocks: Foundation, Agile Environment, Gradual Partnership and Ecosystem. Through this program, Nokia may embrace external innovations while startups shall find new growth. The study provides practical implementation steps and an estimate of the resources required to maintain the program.Jatkuva innovaatioiden tuottaminen on välttämätöntä kilpailuedun saamiseksi ja säilyttämiseksi millä tahansa liiketoimialalla. Kohdeyritys Nokia pyrkii tehostamaan innovaatiotoimintojaan hyödyntämällä ulkoisia innovaation lähteitä, joista yksi on jatkuvasti kasvava startupyhteisö. Yhteistyö startupien kanssa avaa mahdollisuuden sovittaa uusia tuotteita nopeasti Nokian tarjontaan ohittamalla samalla tuotekehityksen hankalan alkuvaiheen. Tutkimuksen päätarkoituksena oli havaita Nokian ja startupien välisessä yhteistyössä ilmenneet haasteet ja kehittää niihin ratkaisut. Myös startupien liiketoiminnan kasvua kiihdyttäviä menetelmiä tutkittiin. Tutkimuksen toivottiin luovan prosessin, jonka avulla Nokia pystyy systemaattisesti työskentelemään startupien kanssa. Tutkimustyössä havaittiin Nokian kohtaavan ongelmia, jotka ovat tyypillisiä myös muissa startupien kanssa työskentelevissä suuryrityksissä. Näitä ovat muun muassa selkeän vastuurakenteen ja vision puuttuminen sekä raskaat, suuryrityksille tarkoitetut prosessit. Vaikka ongelmat ovat yleisiä, niille ei ole olemassa valmiiksi sovellettavia ratkaisuja. Ratkaisut tulee kehittää tapauskohtaisesti räätälöityinä. Tutkimuksen tuloksena Nokialle kehitettiin startuphojelma, joka koostuu neljästä rakennuspalikasta: Perustukset, vikkelä ympäristö, vaiheittainen kumppanuus ja ekosysteemi. Ohjelman avulla Nokia pystyy hyödyntämään ulkoisia innovaatioita ja startupit saavat uutta kasvua. Tutkimus laati käytännön askeleet ohjelman käyttöönottamiseksi sekä arvioi ohjelman ylläpitoon vaadittavat resurssit