8 research outputs found

    A comprehensive survey of V2X cybersecurity mechanisms and future research paths

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    Recent advancements in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication have notably improved existing transport systems by enabling increased connectivity and driving autonomy levels. The remarkable benefits of V2X connectivity come inadvertently with challenges which involve security vulnerabilities and breaches. Addressing security concerns is essential for seamless and safe operation of mission-critical V2X use cases. This paper surveys current literature on V2X security and provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the most relevant security enhancements to date. An in-depth classification of V2X attacks is first performed according to key security and privacy requirements. Our methodology resumes with a taxonomy of security mechanisms based on their proactive/reactive defensive approach, which helps identify strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art countermeasures for V2X attacks. In addition, this paper delves into the potential of emerging security approaches leveraging artificial intelligence tools to meet security objectives. Promising data-driven solutions tailored to tackle security, privacy and trust issues are thoroughly discussed along with new threat vectors introduced inevitably by these enablers. The lessons learned from the detailed review of existing works are also compiled and highlighted. We conclude this survey with a structured synthesis of open challenges and future research directions to foster contributions in this prominent field.This work is supported by the H2020-INSPIRE-5Gplus project (under Grant agreement No. 871808), the ”Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformacion Digital” and the European Union-NextGenerationEU in the frameworks of the ”Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia” and of the ”Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia” under references TSI-063000-2021-39/40/41, and the CHIST-ERA-17-BDSI-003 FIREMAN project funded by the Spanish National Foundation (Grant PCI2019-103780).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Diseño y desarrollo de una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas de nueva generación orientada al cálculo y predicción de índices compuestos aplicada en entornos reales

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    [ES] El Internet de las Cosas (IoT) ha experimentado un gran crecimiento en los últimos años. El incremento en el número de dispositivos, una mayor miniaturización de la capacidad de computación y las técnicas de virtualización, han favorecido su adopción en la industria y en otros sectores. Asimismo, la introducción de nuevas tecnologías (como la Inteligencia Artificial, el 5G, el Tactile Internet o la Realidad Aumentada) y el auge del edge computing preparan el terreno, y formulan los requisitos, para lo que se conoce como Internet de las Cosas de Nueva Generación (NGIoT). Estos avances plantean nuevos desafíos tales como el establecimiento de arquitecturas que cubran dichas necesidades y a la vez resulten flexibles, escalables y prácticas para implementar servicios que aporten valor a la sociedad. En este sentido, el IoT puede resultar un elemento clave para el establecimiento de políticas y la toma de decisiones. Una herramienta muy útil para ello es la definición y cálculo de indicadores compuestos, que representan un impacto en un fenómeno real a través de un único valor. La generación de estos indicadores es un aspecto promovido por entidades oficiales como la Unión Europea, aunque su automatización y uso en entornos de tiempo real es un campo poco explorado. Este tipo de índices deben seguir una serie de operaciones matemáticas y formalidades (normalización, ponderación, agregación¿) para ser considerados válidos. Esta tesis doctoral plantea la unión de ambos campos en alza, proponiendo una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas de nueva generación orientada al servicio de cálculo y predicción de indicadores compuestos. Partiendo de la experiencia del candidato en proyectos de investigación europeos y regionales, y construyendo sobre tecnologías open source, se ha incluido el diseño, desarrollo e integración de los módulos de dicha arquitectura (adquisición de datos, procesamiento, visualización y seguridad) como parte de la tesis. Dichos planteamientos e implementaciones se han validado en cinco escenarios diferentes, cubriendo cinco índices compuestos en entornos con requisitos dispares siguiendo una metodología diseñada durante este trabajo. Los casos de uso están centrados en aspectos de sostenibilidad en entornos urbano y marítimo-portuario, pero se ha destacado que la solución puede ser extrapolada a otros sectores ya que ha sido diseñada de una manera agnóstica. El resultado de la tesis ha sido, además, analizado desde el punto de vista de transferencia tecnológica. Se ha propuesto la formulación de un producto, así como una posible financiación en fases de madurez más avanzadas y su potencial explotación como elemento comercializable[CA] La Internet de les Coses (IoT) ha experimentat un gran creixement en els últims anys. L'increment en el nombre de dispositius, una major miniaturització de la capacitat de computació i les tècniques de virtualització, han afavorit la seua adopció en la indústria i en altres sectors. Així mateix, la introducció de noves tecnologies (com la Intel·ligència Artificial, el 5G, la Internet Tàctil o la Realitat Augmentada) i l'auge del edge computing preparen el terreny, i formulen els requisits, per al que es coneix com a Internet de les Coses de Nova Generació (NGIoT). Aquests avanços plantegen nous desafiaments com ara l'establiment d'arquitectures que cobrisquen aquestes necessitats i resulten, alhora, flexibles, escalables i pràctiques per a implementar serveis que aporten valor a la societat. Ací, el IoT pot resultar un element clau per a l'establiment de polítiques i la presa de decisions. Una eina molt útil en aquest sentit és la definició i càlcul d'indicadors compostos, que representen un impacte en un fenomen real a través d'un únic valor. La generació d'aquests indicadors és un aspecte promogut per entitats oficials com la Unió Europea, encara que la seua automatització i ús en entorns de temps real és un camp poc explorat. Aquest tipus d'índexs han de seguir una sèrie d'operacions matemàtiques i formalitats (normalització, ponderació, agregació¿) per a ser considerats vàlids. Aquesta tesi doctoral planteja la unió de tots dos camps en alça, proposant una arquitectura d'Internet de les Coses de nova generació orientada al servei de càlcul i predicció d'indicadors compostos. Partint de l'experiència del candidat en projectes d'investigació europeus i regionals, i construint sobre tecnologies open source, s'ha inclòs el disseny, desenvolupament i integració dels mòduls d'aquesta arquitectura (adquisició de dades, processament, visualització i seguretat) com a part de la tesi. Aquests plantejaments i implementacions s'han validat en cinc escenaris diferents, cobrint cinc índexs compostos en entorns amb requisits dispars seguint una metodologia dissenyada durant aquest treball. Els casos d'ús estan centrats en aspectes de sostenibilitat en entorns urbà i marítim-portuari, però s'ha destacat que la solució pot ser extrapolada a altres sectors ja que ha sigut dissenyada d'una manera agnòstica. El resultat de la tesi ha sigut, a més, analitzat des del punt de vista de transferència tecnològica. S'ha proposat la formulació d'un producte, així com un possible finançament en fases de maduresa més avançades i la seua potencial explotació com a element comercialitzable[EN] The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. The increase in the number of devices, greater miniaturization of computing capacity and virtualization techniques have favored its adoption in industry and other sectors. Likewise, the introduction of new technologies (such as Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Tactile Internet or Augmented Reality), together with the rise of edge computing, are paving the way, and formulating the requirements, for what is known as the Next Generation Internet of Things (NGIoT). These advances pose new challenges such as the establishment of proper architectures that meet those needs and, at the same time, are flexible, scalable, and practical for implementing services that bring value to society. In this sense, IoT could be a key element for policy and decision making. A very useful tool for this is the definition and calculation of composite indicators, which represent an impact on a real phenomenon through a single value. The generation of these indicators is an aspect promoted by official entities such as the European Union, although their automation and use in real-time environments is a rather uncharted research field. This type of indexes must follow a series of mathematical operations and formalities (normalization, weighting, aggregation...) to be considered valid. This doctoral thesis proposes the union of both fields, proposing a new generation Internet of Things architecture oriented to the calculation and prediction of composite indicators. Based on the candidate's experience in European and regional research projects, and building on open source technologies, the design, development and integration of the modules of such architecture (data acquisition, processing, visualization and security) has been included as part of the thesis. These approaches and implementations have been validated in five different scenarios, covering five composite indexes in environments with disparate requirements following a methodology designed during this work. The use cases are focused on sustainability aspects in urban and maritime-port environments, but it has been highlighted that the solution can be extrapolated to other sectors as it has been designed in an agnostic way. The result of the thesis has also been analyzed from the point of view of technology transfer. A tentative product definition has been formulated, as well as a possible financing in more advanced stages of maturity and its potential exploitation as a marketable elementLacalle Úbeda, I. (2022). Diseño y desarrollo de una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas de Nueva Generación orientada al cálculo y predicción de índices compuestos aplicada en entornos reales [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/19063

    2019 EC3 July 10-12, 2019 Chania, Crete, Greece

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    Full Proceedings, 2018

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    Full conference proceedings for the 2018 International Building Physics Association Conference hosted at Syracuse University

    An investigation into the mechanisms of angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis

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    A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.Breast cancer survival rates have increased over the years due to early detection and therapeutic efficacy. However, after many years of what appears to be disease-free health, cancer can return in the form of a secondary metastatic tumour. Formation of new blood vessels is a crucial stage in the progression of primary tumours to metastatic tumours. In many cases primary breast tumours that metastasise to the brain occur. Brain tumours are heterogenous malignancies with a low survival rate. Tumours often development therapy resistance by secreting different pro-angiogenic growth factors that allow them to overcome the effect of anti-angiogenic drugs. Thus, characterising the mechanisms that promote tumour angiogenesis may help to stop the development of tumour metastasis. Here it was determined that ATF2 is a downstream molecule activated (phosphorylated) by major pro-angiogenic factors and that its suppression in HUVECs resulted in increased upregulation of Notch signalling pathway (major regulator of angiogenesis) ligand DLL1 and DLL4. Additionally, we investigated genomic changes that may be involved in the development and progression of breast to brain metastasis (BBM). Whole exome sequencing (WES) of 26 breast to brain metastases was carried out. Bioinformatic analysis of WES data identified recurrent genomic alterations in several genes that may be associated with BBM development including an ARFEFG protein family member gene, BIG3. Functional analysis of BIG3 showed that this gene is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter receptors subunits in the BIG3-knockout MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Neurotransmitter regulation has been shown as one mechanism through which brain tumours integrate into the neuronal signalling network to promote colonisation of the brain. Results presented here show that investigating the possible mechanisms behind tumour angiogenesis, and the molecular changes that may be involved in metastatic tumour development and brain colonisation offers a better understanding of tumour mechanisms for growth and survival which can offer an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic targets.MESCY
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