4 research outputs found
Identifying attack surfaces in the evolving space industry using reference architectures
The space environment is currently undergoing a substantial change and many new entrants to the market are deploying devices, satellites and systems in space; this evolution has been termed as NewSpace. The change is complicated by technological developments such as deploying machine learning based autonomous space systems and the Internet of Space Things (IoST). In the IoST, space systems will rely on satellite-to-x communication and interactions with wider aspects of the ground segment to a greater degree than existing systems. Such developments will inevitably lead to a change in the cyber security threat landscape of space systems. Inevitably, there will be a greater number of attack vectors for adversaries to exploit, and previously infeasible threats can be realised, and thus require mitigation. In this paper, we present a reference architecture (RA) that can be used to abstractly model in situ applications of this new space landscape. The RA specifies high-level system components and their interactions. By instantiating the RA for two scenarios we demonstrate how to analyse the attack surface using attack trees
Aerospace Cyber-Physical Systems Education
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106495/1/AIAA2013-4809.pd
Hybrid Modular Redundancy: Exploring Modular Redundancy Approaches in RISC-V Multi-Core Computing Clusters for Reliable Processing in Space
Space Cyber-Physical Systems (S-CPS) such as spacecraft and satellites
strongly rely on the reliability of onboard computers to guarantee the success
of their missions. Relying solely on radiation-hardened technologies is
extremely expensive, and developing inflexible architectural and
microarchitectural modifications to introduce modular redundancy within a
system leads to significant area increase and performance degradation. To
mitigate the overheads of traditional radiation hardening and modular
redundancy approaches, we present a novel Hybrid Modular Redundancy (HMR)
approach, a redundancy scheme that features a cluster of RISC-V processors with
a flexible on-demand dual-core and triple-core lockstep grouping of computing
cores with runtime split-lock capabilities. Further, we propose two recovery
approaches, software-based and hardware-based, trading off performance and area
overhead. Running at 430 MHz, our fault-tolerant cluster achieves up to 1160
MOPS on a matrix multiplication benchmark when configured in non-redundant mode
and 617 and 414 MOPS in dual and triple mode, respectively. A software-based
recovery in triple mode requires 363 clock cycles and occupies 0.612 mm2,
representing a 1.3% area overhead over a non-redundant 12-core RISC-V cluster.
As a high-performance alternative, a new hardware-based method provides rapid
fault recovery in just 24 clock cycles and occupies 0.660 mm2, namely ~9.4%
area overhead over the baseline non-redundant RISC-V cluster. The cluster is
also enhanced with split-lock capabilities to enter one of the redundant modes
with minimum performance loss, allowing execution of a mission-critical or a
performance section, with <400 clock cycles overhead for entry and exit. The
proposed system is the first to integrate these functionalities on an
open-source RISC-V-based compute device, enabling finely tunable reliability
vs. performance trade-offs
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Parallel and distributed cyber-physical system simulation
textThe traditions of real-time and embedded system engineering have evolved into a new field of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The increase in complexity of CPS components and the multi-domain engineering composition of CPSs challenge the current best practices in design and simulation. To address the challenges of CPS simulation, this work introduces a simulator coordination method drawing from strengths of the field of parallel and distributed simulation (PADS), yet offering benefits aimed towards the challenges of coordinating CPS engineering design simulators. The method offers the novel concept of Interpolated Event data types applied to Kahn Process Networks in order to provide simulator coordination. This can enable conservative and optimistic coordination of multiple heterogeneous and homogeneous simulators, but provide important benefits for CPS simulation, such as the opportunity to reduce functional requirements for simulator interfacing compared to existing solutions. The method is analyzed in theoretical properties and instantiated in software tools SimConnect and SimTalk. Finally, an experimental study applies the method and tools to accelerate Spice circuit simulation with tradeoffs in speed versus accuracy, and demonstrates the coordination of three heterogeneous simulators for a CPS simulation with increasing component model refinement and realism.Electrical and Computer Engineerin