The Law and the Non-Law

This brief Comment reflects on the construction of the non-law as analytical categories in the four contributions. It suggests that the struggle with non-law reflects a deeper confusion about the role of law in ordering social relations broadly defined

DAMPAK SOSIAL KEBERADAAN PT VALE INDONESIA Tbk TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Sorowako Kecamatan Nuha Kabupaten Luwu Timur ) SOCIAL IMPACT EXISTENCE OF PT VALE INDONESIA TBK AGAINST PUBLIC LIFE (Case Study Sorowako District Nuha Luwu Timur)

2012PT Vale Indonesia Tbk is a mining company located in Sorowako. Mining \ud company that is the one pillar of the economy of East Luwu considering the budget \ud spent PT Vale Indonesia Tbk in assisting government programs in South Sulawesi to \ud develop the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the social impact \ud of the presence of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk on people's lives Sorowako Nuha \ud Subdistrict Luwu East. This study uses descriptive qualitative determination \ud techniques informant Purposive sampling. \ud The results of this study indicate that the social impact of the presence of \ud PT.Vale Indonesia Tbk Sorowako community life, can be seen from several aspects \ud such as educational aspect, the health aspect, cultural, environmental and economic \ud aspects. Aspects of education such as scholarships, internships, and the provision of \ud library reading garden; aspects of health care such as mapping programs; aspects of \ud culture such as assuming that PT Vale, to be one of the causes of eroding local \ud culture; economic aspects such as strengthening the home industry; aspects of the \ud environment such as providing environmental costs in 2010 reached 6432 million \ud U.S. dollars. \ud \ud Keywords: impact, community life, socia

L’influence du développement durable à travers la formation universitaire en design industriel

Aujourd’hui, nous savons qu’environ 75 à 80% des impacts environnementaux des produits sont déterminés lors de la conception. Le rôle du designer industriel est donc crucial pour arriver à une forme de développement plus viable. Cette recherche tente de cibler les champs de connaissances qui devraient faire partie de la formation des professionnels du développement de produits pour y intégrer les aspects environnementaux. Après une recension de la littérature en design industriel, en pédagogie et en environnement, l’étude de terrain a été conduite en deux temps. Selon des critères prédéfinis, des programmes universitaires « spécialisés » en environnement/développement durable, au Québec, ainsi que des formations en éco-conception, offerts en France, ont été analysés. L’étude de terrain a été complétée par un entretien en profondeur semi-dirigé avec un consultant, qui aide des entreprises québécoises à intégrer l’environnement en développement de produits. L’analyse des informations recueillies met en évidence la nécessité de transformer rapidement les formations universitaires en conception de produits. Le nouveau cursus de design industriel devrait; 1. Intégrer les connaissances relatives aux impacts environnementaux; 2. Encourager le travail en équipes multidisciplinaires pour enrichir la collecte d’informations relative aux projets de développement; 3. Établir une collaboration étroite entre les établissements d’enseignement et les industries, ce qui est essentiel à la compréhension des enjeux de développement de produits et services (culture de l’entreprise, coût, délais, logistique, réglementation, etc.).Today, the experience accumulated in the field of environmental design has put into perspective that approximately 75 to 80% of the environmental impacts of a product are determined during the design process. The role of the industrial designer is therefore crucial for achieving a better management of environmental impacts. In Quebec, the university curriculum in product design does not address sustainable development in a comprehensive manner; the introduction of this paradigm remains weak. This research seeks to target those areas of knowledge that should be part of the curriculum for training professionals in product development for environmental design. As a first step, we studied the curriculum of academic programs that "specialize" in environmental and sustainable development in Quebec, and then, the training programs in eco-design available in France. The field work was completed with an in-depth interview with a Quebec speaker who focuses on addressing environmental aspects in product development for enterprises. The information collected during these three phases of the field study was analyzed and highlighted the need for a major transformation of the university curriculum regarding the ways in which the environmental issues are addressed in industrial design as to: 1. Introduce the knowledge related to environmental issues; 2. Promote multidisciplinary team work; 3. Create collaboration between schools and industries for a better understanding of design processes (business culture, economic aspects, schedule, laws, etc.)

Portrayals of masculinity in selected Nigerian plays

This work critically interrogates the portrayal of masculinity in plays written by both male and female Nigerian playwrights. Selected plays (three from each author) of Wole Soyinka, Femi Osofisan, Tess Onwueme and Tracie Utoh-Ezeajugh were studied in order to proffer answers to certain critical questions, some of which include determining whether the way male playwrights construct the psychosocial temperament of lead male characters differs from how such is depicted in the works of female authors. The study also sought to ascertain how the concept of masculinity has evolved through the careers of three generations of playwriting in Nigeria. While evaluating the differences that exist in the portrayal of masculinity in the male lead characters in the works of selected male playwrights when compared to those of their female counterparts, the study equally examines the portrayals of male identities in the selected texts. It also evaluates the notion of masculinity shift among the three generations of Nigerian playwrights with a view to ascertaining how textual portrayals of characters and events reflect the changing values that are held about male identities in different Nigerian societies. In executing these objectives, the study adopts a qualitative method, and then eclectically employs Raewyn Connell’s (1995) Theory of Masculinity, Judith Butler’s (1990) Theory of Performativity, and Louis Athan Althusser’s (1970) Idea of Interpellation as the Theoretical Framework to guide the analysis and interpretation of the selected texts. Furthermore, the study follows a constructivist model that involves several stages including the identification of the selected plays as the main texts, a perusal of the plays, review of the literature on gender portrayals in the plays, and a critiquing of the portrayal of masculinity in them. The findings of the analysis reveal that masculinity is a conditional, provisional and elusive subject. It is created in a certain socio-cultural and historical context and evolves according to situations. The studied texts demonstrate the artistic agency of women in constructing men’s masculinity. They imply that masculinity and femininity are like Siamese twins in the building of a peaceful, strong, and new nation. Moreover, the playwrights under study divulge that power is the key factor in (de)constructing and (re)defining of masculinity of men. Through their plays, the dramatists challenge and attempt to change the stereotypical constructs of men, dismantle the traditional gender roles and propose a new way of envisioning gender, where hegemonic principles can be nullified. It is therefore the submission of this work that Soyinka, Osofisan, Onwueme and Utoh-Ezeajugh do not affirm the social construct of masculinity but rather interrogate them.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202

Portrayals of masculinity in selected Nigerian plays

This work critically interrogates the portrayal of masculinity in plays written by both male and female Nigerian playwrights. Selected plays (three from each author) of Wole Soyinka, Femi Osofisan, Tess Onwueme and Tracie Utoh-Ezeajugh were studied in order to proffer answers to certain critical questions, some of which include determining whether the way male playwrights construct the psychosocial temperament of lead male characters differs from how such is depicted in the works of female authors. The study also sought to ascertain how the concept of masculinity has evolved through the careers of three generations of playwriting in Nigeria. While evaluating the differences that exist in the portrayal of masculinity in the male lead characters in the works of selected male playwrights when compared to those of their female counterparts, the study equally examines the portrayals of male identities in the selected texts. It also evaluates the notion of masculinity shift among the three generations of Nigerian playwrights with a view to ascertaining how textual portrayals of characters and events reflect the changing values that are held about male identities in different Nigerian societies. In executing these objectives, the study adopts a qualitative method, and then eclectically employs Raewyn Connell’s (1995) Theory of Masculinity, Judith Butler’s (1990) Theory of Performativity, and Louis Athan Althusser’s (1970) Idea of Interpellation as the Theoretical Framework to guide the analysis and interpretation of the selected texts. Furthermore, the study follows a constructivist model that involves several stages including the identification of the selected plays as the main texts, a perusal of the plays, review of the literature on gender portrayals in the plays, and a critiquing of the portrayal of masculinity in them. The findings of the analysis reveal that masculinity is a conditional, provisional and elusive subject. It is created in a certain socio-cultural and historical context and evolves according to situations. The studied texts demonstrate the artistic agency of women in constructing men’s masculinity. They imply that masculinity and femininity are like Siamese twins in the building of a peaceful, strong, and new nation. Moreover, the playwrights under study divulge that power is the key factor in (de)constructing and (re)defining of masculinity of men. Through their plays, the dramatists challenge and attempt to change the stereotypical constructs of men, dismantle the traditional gender roles and propose a new way of envisioning gender, where hegemonic principles can be nullified. It is therefore the submission of this work that Soyinka, Osofisan, Onwueme and Utoh-Ezeajugh do not affirm the social construct of masculinity but rather interrogate them.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202