Measures of Adult Knee Function

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163466/2/acr24235_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163466/1/acr24235.pd

Systematic review of health-related work outcome measures and quality criteria-based evaluations of their psychometric properties

Objective To examine the state of psychometric validation in the health-related work outcome literature. Data Sources We searched PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, Embase (plus Embase Classic), and PsycINFO from inception to January 2016 using the following search terms: stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal disease, work, absenteeism, presenteeism, occupation, employment, job, outcome measure, assessment, work capacity evaluation, scale, and questionnaire. Study Selection From the 22,676 retrieved abstracts, 597 outcome measures were identified. Inclusion was based on content analysis. There were 95 health-related work outcome measures retained; of these, 2 were treated as outliers and therefore are discussed separately. All 6 authors individually organized the 93 remaining scales based on their content. Data Extraction A follow-up search using the same sources, and time period, with the name of the outcome measures and the terms psychometric, reliability, validity, and responsiveness, identified 263 unique classical test theory psychometric property datasets for the 93 tools. An assessment criterion for psychometric properties was applied to each article, and where consensus was not achieved, the rating delivered by most of the assessors was reported. Data Synthesis Of the articles reported, 18 reporting psychometric data were not accessible and therefore could not be assessed. There were 39 that scored 80%. The 3 outcome measures associated with the highest scoring datasets were the Sheehan Disability Scale, the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and the assessment of the Subjective Handicap of Epilepsy. Finally, only 2 psychometric validation datasets reported the complete set of baseline psychometric properties. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the current limitations of the health-related work outcome measure literature, including the limited number of robust tools available

The experience of pain and pain management among culturally and linguistically diverse communities living in Australia

The studies presented in this thesis enlighten contemporary understandings of the experience of chronic pain for CALD (culturally and linguistically diverse) communities. Each study is an original piece of scientific work that contributes to the field of research in chronic pain and provides healthcare providers with tangible opportunities to culturally adapt their interventions.Taken together, the studies also provide a practical guide for future researchers seeking to engage CALD communities. Finally, this thesis argues that for healthcare to be responsive to the needs of multicultural Australia, change needs to be enacted more broadly. Educational institutions, professional organisations and healthcare accreditation agencies have a role to play to ensure that CALD patients and communities are part of initiatives seeking to address the multifaceted disparities in healthcare that exist for CALD communities

Advancements in Standardising Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data can deliver crucial information for diagnostic purposes and regarding benefits and possible harms of medical interventions. Recognising the potential of the patient’s voice, PRO data are increasingly integrated in clinical practice and clinical research, and they play an increasingly important role in medical and health policy decision making. With the growing focus on patient centeredness, the requirements towards the quality of PRO data are steadily increasing as well, and outcomes researchers and other stakeholders working in related disciplines such as academia, the pharmaceutical industry and the not-for-profit sector have a growing ethical responsibility to use only those PRO instruments that generate robust data and allow for valid inferences from PRO scores. To achieve high quality PRO data, standardised processes spanning from PRO instrument development and content validation, translation and cultural adaptation, statistical analysis and interpretation of PRO data are key to ensure that data collected via patient self-report can be trusted. This habilitation thesis focuses on PRO standardisation efforts worldwide, including an overview of PRO projects that were run in the context of two key PRO measurement systems, i.e., the PRO instruments of 1) the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative and 2) the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group. In conclusion, international initiatives aimed at standardised PRO assessment are well underway all of which contribute to ensuring that high quality PRO data can be generated. It is expected that both the PROMIS and EORTC suites of PRO instruments will continue to grow, consolidate the PRO field and be a benchmark for standardised PRO assessment, validation and interpretation

Eye quietness and quiet eye in expert and novice golf performance: an electrooculographic analysis

Quiet eye (QE) is the final ocular fixation on the target of an action (e.g., the ball in golf putting). Camerabased eye-tracking studies have consistently found longer QE durations in experts than novices; however, mechanisms underlying QE are not known. To offer a new perspective we examined the feasibility of measuring the QE using electrooculography (EOG) and developed an index to assess ocular activity across time: eye quietness (EQ). Ten expert and ten novice golfers putted 60 balls to a 2.4 m distant hole. Horizontal EOG (2ms resolution) was recorded from two electrodes placed on the outer sides of the eyes. QE duration was measured using a EOG voltage threshold and comprised the sum of the pre-movement and post-movement initiation components. EQ was computed as the standard deviation of the EOG in 0.5 s bins from –4 to +2 s, relative to backswing initiation: lower values indicate less movement of the eyes, hence greater quietness. Finally, we measured club-ball address and swing durations. T-tests showed that total QE did not differ between groups (p = .31); however, experts had marginally shorter pre-movement QE (p = .08) and longer post-movement QE (p < .001) than novices. A group × time ANOVA revealed that experts had less EQ before backswing initiation and greater EQ after backswing initiation (p = .002). QE durations were inversely correlated with EQ from –1.5 to 1 s (rs = –.48 - –.90, ps = .03 - .001). Experts had longer swing durations than novices (p = .01) and, importantly, swing durations correlated positively with post-movement QE (r = .52, p = .02) and negatively with EQ from 0.5 to 1s (r = –.63, p = .003). This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring ocular activity using EOG and validates EQ as an index of ocular activity. Its findings challenge the dominant perspective on QE and provide new evidence that expert-novice differences in ocular activity may reflect differences in the kinematics of how experts and novices execute skills

The Kenny music performance anxiety inventory (K-MPAI): Scale construction, cross-cultural validation, theoretical underpinnings, and diagnostic and therapeutic utility

I commenced my academic exploration of music performance anxiety in a study with opera chorus artists from Opera Australia in 2004. I subsequently postulated a new theory of the aetiology of music performance anxiety and began the development of the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI) to assess the hypothesized theoretical constructs underpinning its diverse clinical presentations. I proposed a new definition of music performance anxiety in 2009 and revised the item content of the K-MPAI from 26 to 40 in 2011. Over the ensuing years, many researchers have used the K-MPAI in studies on a wide variety of musicians, including vocalists and instrumentalists, popular and classical musicians, tertiary music students, and professional, solo, orchestral, ensemble, band, and community musicians. To date, the K-MPAI has been reported in more than 400 studies and has been translated into 22 languages. It has been the subject of more than 39 dissertations. In this paper, I examine the research that has used the K-MPAI to assess the theory and to ascertain how well the assessment tool, and its cross-cultural validation have provided evidence for its factorial structure, robustness, and utility. The evidence indicates that the factorial structure remains consistent across cultures and different populations of musicians. It has good discriminative ability and utility for diagnostic purposes. I conclude with some reflections on how the K-MPAI can guide therapeutic interventions and with some thoughts on future directions