Invariant Causal Set Covering Machines

Rule-based models, such as decision trees, appeal to practitioners due to their interpretable nature. However, the learning algorithms that produce such models are often vulnerable to spurious associations and thus, they are not guaranteed to extract causally-relevant insights. In this work, we build on ideas from the invariant causal prediction literature to propose Invariant Causal Set Covering Machines, an extension of the classical Set Covering Machine algorithm for conjunctions/disjunctions of binary-valued rules that provably avoids spurious associations. We demonstrate both theoretically and empirically that our method can identify the causal parents of a variable of interest in polynomial time

On the impact of communication complexity in the design of parallel numerical algorithms

This paper describes two models of the cost of data movement in parallel numerical algorithms. One model is a generalization of an approach due to Hockney, and is suitable for shared memory multiprocessors where each processor has vector capabilities. The other model is applicable to highly parallel nonshared memory MIMD systems. In the second model, algorithm performance is characterized in terms of the communication network design. Techniques used in VLSI complexity theory are also brought in, and algorithm independent upper bounds on system performance are derived for several problems that are important to scientific computation

Formaldehyde Advantages and Disadvantages: Usage Areas and Harmful Effects on Human Beings

Formaldehyde, a simple but important member of aldehydes, is highly reactive due to its strong electrophilic properties. It is a colorless, pungent, low molecular weight poisonous gas that can rapidly pass into gaseous phase at room temperature, can burn, and can dissolve very well in water. Formaldehyde, which is found in the natural structure of the organism, is used in many places from industrial areas to household materials and from the production of coatings in dentistry to the determination of cadavers in laboratories. In addition to having such a wide range of uses, it has harmful effects on human health as it can react spontaneously with various cellular elements. In this review, which is based on various sources, detailed information about the definition, properties, usage areas, and harmful effects of formaldehyde will be given

Formaldehyde Advantages and Disadvantages: Usage Areas and Harmful Effects on Human Beings

Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran sangat menunjang kinerja manajerial khususnya pada lingkup OPD pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh 1) partisipasi penyusunan anggaranterhadap kinerja manajerial, 2)partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap motivasi, 3) partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap job relevant information, 4) motivasi terhadap kinerja manajerial, 5) job relevant information terhadap kinerja manajerial, 6) partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dengan kinerja manajerial melalui motivasi, dan 7) partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dengan kinerja manajerial melaluijob relevant information pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian merupakan penelitian explanatory. Subjek penelitian adalah Pejabat Pelaksana Teknis Kegiatan dari 122 Organisasi Perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Jepara dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 133 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Modelling). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh langsung terhadap motivasi, job relevant information maupun kinerja manajerial. Motivasi dan job relevant information berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja manajerial. Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh langsung terhadapkinerja manajerial melalui motivasi maupun job relevant information

Economic Analytical Methods for Work-related MSD Cost Prediction

Publisher Copyright: © 2015 The AuthorsToday's changing work environment focuses on work organization and new forms of cooperation (outsourcing, decentralization of resources, introduction of new technologies, etc.) [1,2]. Organizations sustainable development is linked to the business success in the long-term run. It can be achieved with the help of organization‘s social and technical development, healthy work environment and competitive workers. Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), including lower back pain, arm and neck muscle or tendon sprains and joint diseases have a significant impact on employees’ workability not only at the individual level but also at national perspective [3,4]. MSD affects efficiency, productivity and overall quality in every organization and labor market [5]. The aim of research is to discover most appropriate economic analytical methods for work-related MSD cost prediction in Latvian enterprises. This research focuses on the analysis of literature of various economic analytical methods for work-related MSD cost prediction at the organisations. Experts in ergonomics field suggests dividing ergonomic intervention costs to avoid MSD into four main categories [6]: Staff, equipment and material, reduced production and sales volume, overhead costs. World literature analysis shows that by increasing ergonomics preventive and assessment costs, considerably decreases costs of human and technology errors in the processes. Hence, it is possibility to gain additional profit that could be diverted for further preventive actions in order to continuously minimize MSD [6–8]. The combination and modification of economic analysis methods of economic loss mathematical calculations [9,10] and Washington State Ergonomics Cost Benefit Calculator is suitable for work-related MSD cost prediction and ergonomics solution cost and benefit analysis in European enterprises.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Flexible temperature sensor integration into e-textiles using different industrial yarn fabrication processes

Textiles enhanced with thin-film flexible sensors are well-suited for unobtrusive monitoring of skin parameters due to the sensors’ high conformability. These sensors can be damaged if they are attached to the surface of the textile, also affecting the textiles’ aesthetics and feel. We investigate the effect of embedding flexible temperature sensors within textile yarns, which adds a layer of protection to the sensor. Industrial yarn manufacturing techniques including knit braiding, braiding, and double covering were utilised to identify an appropriate incorporation technique. The thermal time constants recorded by all three sensing yarns was <10 s. Simultaneously, effective sensitivity only decreased by a maximum of 14% compared to the uncovered sensor. This is due to the sensor being positioned within the yarn instead of being in direct contact with the measured surface. These sensor yarns were not affected by bending and produced repeatable measurements. The double covering method was observed to have the least impact on the sensors’ performance due to the yarn’s smaller dimensions. Finally, a sensing yarn was incorporated in an armband and used to measure changes in skin temperature. The demonstrated textile integration techniques for flexible sensors using industrial yarn manufacturing processes enable large-scale smart textile fabrication