168 research outputs found

    Text revision in Scientific Writing Assistance: An Overview

    Full text link
    Writing a scientific article is a challenging task as it is a highly codified genre. Good writing skills are essential to properly convey ideas and results of research work. Since the majority of scientific articles are currently written in English, this exercise is all the more difficult for non-native English speakers as they additionally have to face language issues. This article aims to provide an overview of text revision in writing assistance in the scientific domain. We will examine the specificities of scientific writing, including the format and conventions commonly used in research articles. Additionally, this overview will explore the various types of writing assistance tools available for text revision. Despite the evolution of the technology behind these tools through the years, from rule-based approaches to deep neural-based ones, challenges still exist (tools' accessibility, limited consideration of the context, inexplicit use of discursive information, etc.)Comment: Published at 13th International Workshop on Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval 12 page

    Argumentative Segmentation Enhancement for Legal Summarization

    Full text link
    We use the combination of argumentative zoning [1] and a legal argumentative scheme to create legal argumentative segments. Based on the argumentative segmentation, we propose a novel task of classifying argumentative segments of legal case decisions. GPT-3.5 is used to generate summaries based on argumentative segments. In terms of automatic evaluation metrics, our method generates higher quality argumentative summaries while leaving out less relevant context as compared to GPT-4 and non-GPT models

    Emergence, effectiveness and legitimacy of transnational adaptation governance

    Get PDF
    Interest in climate adaptation has increased substantially over time – from a minor policy field to be considered on par with climate mitigation. Meanwhile, the world we live in has become increasingly interdependent across borders. Consequently, climate impacts are transmitted from one place to another, meaning that adaptation to climate change risks and impacts will need to be coordinated in a way that connects places and people. Moreover, the impacts of climate change hit the most vulnerable people the hardest. As extreme weather events hit more often and become more severe, accounts of them are strikingly similar in that the poorest and most vulnerable people and communities are the ones most affected by the impacts. Climate change exacerbates existing inequalities, including those related to gender, income, age and ethnicity. Consequently, in an interconnected world, a central challenge for adaptation governance is to assign authority for affairs which have cross-border ramifications. This doctoral dissertation explores the emergence or transnational adaptation governance and how it is changing traditional adaptation approaches. In political science, transnational governance, emphasising the role of non-state actors in international relations, seeks to apprehend how transboundary issues can be best captured in policy and decision-making. The norm of adaptation as a global challenge has been recognised in the Paris Agreement and this dissertation analyses the interaction between state and non-state actors across national borders and its effectiveness, legitimacy and distributional consequences. Adaptation, due to its cross-sectoral nature offers an ample empirical field for furthering transnational governance research. This dissertation is the first attempt to operationalise transnational adaptation governance as a distinct phenomenon. It focuses on three specific cases: adaptation finance, transnational adaptation initiatives and as a governance response to transboundary climate risk. By doing so, it covers the breadth of transnational governance related to adaptation. It finds that, in contrast to mitigation, the role of state actors and international organisations as orchestrators continues to be important, particularly with regards to effectiveness. The dissertation also shows how new actors – particularly private sector actors – increasingly govern adaptation transnationally. This has led to a contestation of legitimacy as actors grapple with previously unidentified risks or areas of shared interest. While the broadening of adaptation has increased the effectiveness potential, the legitimacy of transnational adaptation governance is not grounded in fairness and justice, which are key components for successful adaptation outcomes

    ClaimDistiller: Scientific Claim Extraction with Supervised Contrastive Learning

    Get PDF
    The growth of scientific papers in the past decades calls for effective claim extraction tools to automatically and accurately locate key claims from unstructured text. Such claims will benefit content-wise aggregated exploration of scientific knowledge beyond the metadata level. One challenge of building such a model is how to effectively use limited labeled training data. In this paper, we compared transfer learning and contrastive learning frameworks in terms of performance, time and training data size. We found contrastive learning has better performance at a lower cost of data across all models. Our contrastive-learning-based model ClaimDistiller has the highest performance, boosting the F1 score of the base models by 3–4%, and achieved an F1=87.45%, improving the state-of-the-art by more than 7% on the same benchmark data previously used for this task. The same phenomenon is observed on another benchmark dataset, and ClaimDistiller consistently has the best performance. Qualitative assessment on a small sample of out-of-domain data indicates that the model generalizes well. Our source codes and datasets can be found here: https://github.com/lamps-lab/sci-claim-distiller

    A geo-informatics approach to sustainability assessments of floatovoltaic technology in South African agricultural applications

    Get PDF
    South African project engineers recently pioneered the first agricultural floating solar photovoltaic tech nology systems in the Western Cape wine region. This effort prepared our country for an imminent large scale diffusion of this exciting new climate solver technology. However, hydro-embedded photovoltaic sys tems interact with environmentally sensitive underlying aquatic ecosystems, causing multiple project as sessment uncertainties (energy, land, air, water) compared to ground-mounted photovoltaics. The dissimi lar behaviour of floatovoltaic technologies delivers a broader and more diversified range of technical advan tages, environmental offset benefits, and economic co-benefits, causing analytical modelling imperfections and tooling mismatches in conventional analytical project assessment techniques. As a universal interna tional real-world problem of significance, the literature review identified critical knowledge and methodology gaps as the primary causes of modelling deficiencies and assessment uncertainties. By following a design thinking methodology, the thesis views the sustainability assessment and modelling problem through a geo graphical information systems lens, thus seeing an academic research opportunity to fill critical knowledge gaps through new theory formulation and geographical knowledge creation. To this end, this philosophi cal investigation proposes a novel object-oriented systems-thinking and climate modelling methodology to study the real-world geospatial behaviour of functioning floatovoltaic systems from a dynamical system thinking perspective. As an empirical feedback-driven object-process methodology, it inspired the thesis to create new knowledge by postulating a new multi-disciplinary sustainability theory to holistically characterise agricultural floatovoltaic projects through ecosystems-based quantitative sustainability profiling criteria. The study breaks new ground at the frontiers of energy geo-informatics by conceptualising a holistic theoretical framework designed for the theoretical characterisation of floatovoltaic technology ecosystem operations in terms of the technical energy, environmental and economic (3E) domain responses. It campaigns for a fully coupled model in ensemble analysis that advances the state-of-the-art by appropriating the 3E theo retical framework as underpinning computer program logic blueprint to synthesise the posited theory in a digital twin simulation. Driven by real-world geo-sensor data, this geospatial digital twin can mimic the geo dynamical behaviour of floatovoltaics through discrete-time computer simulations in real-time and lifetime digital project enactment exercises. The results show that the theoretical 3E framing enables project due diligence and environmental impact assessment reporting as it uniquely incorporates balanced scorecard performance metrics, such as the water-energy-land-food resource impacts, environmental offset benefits and financial feasibility of floatovoltaics. Embedded in a geoinformatics decision-support platform, the 3E theory, framework and model enable numerical project decision-supporting through an analytical hierarchy process. The experimental results obtained with the digital twin model and decision support system show that the desktop-based parametric floatovoltaic synthesis toolset can uniquely characterise the broad and diverse spectrum of performance benefits of floatovoltaics in a 3E sustainability profile. The model uniquely predicts important impact aspects of the technology’s land, air and water preservation qualities, quantifying these impacts in terms of the water, energy, land and food nexus parameters. The proposed GIS model can quantitatively predict most FPV technology unknowns, thus solving a contemporary real-world prob lem that currently jeopardises floating PV project licensing and approvals. Overall, the posited theoretical framework, methodology model, and reported results provide an improved understanding of floating PV renewable energy systems and their real-world behaviour. Amidst a rapidly growing international interest in floatovoltaic solutions, the research advances fresh philosophical ideas with novel theoretical principles that may have far-reaching implications for developing electronic, photovoltaic performance models worldwide.GeographyPh. D. (Geography

    Stakeholder Engagement in a Sustainable Circular Economy : Theoretical and Practical Perspectives

    Get PDF
    publishedVersionPeer reviewe

    Regulatory Annexation and the Matrix of Dependence: The Regulation of Social Media in Nigeria

    Get PDF
    This research addresses social media regulation targeted at users in Nigeria, while also considering issues related to the regulation and governance of social media and new media technologies across the world. This includes debates over online safety versus freedom of expression, platform power versus state influence, and structural inequalities that exist between the Global North and South in terms of the use, design, and regulation of new media technologies. The thesis centres around political economy and theoretical insights drawn from studies into internet and social media regulation, the securitisation of online harms, and practical approaches to regulating social media content. The analysis is based on a methodology that combines policy analysis, case study, interview, and social media analysis to explore how social media regulation can be understood from the standpoint of policy, politics, opposition, and alternatives. Based on these, the study argues that social media regulation in Nigeria mirrors broadcasting regulation in what I call regulatory annexation, given the matrix of dependence that relegates the Global South to regulatory decisions made by governments and platforms in the Global North. To establish this argument, I define the matrix of dependence as Nigeria’s reliance on the West for new media regulatory outcomes of virtually any kind. Platformatisation further places Nigeria on the disadvantaged side of a balance of power with global tech platforms. The country, therefore, turns to users, intending to maintain on social media the same level of control it wields over the traditional media – a concept that I introduce for the first time as regulatory annexation. This results in the opposition that users deploy on Twitter, the central platform for activist discourse, using othering tactics that often shape state-citizen relations in Nigeria. I conclude the thesis by suggesting the need for research that expands on regulatory annexation and the matrix of dependence, focusing on the implications that they portend for regulatory interventions in other contexts, particularly in the Global South, the kind of regulation that is more likely to target users
    • …
    corecore