Peer-to-Peer Network: Kantian Cooperation Discourage Free Riding

The problem of how to achieve cooperation among rational peers in order to discourage free riding is one that has received a lot of attention in peer-to-peer computing and is still an important one. The field of game theory is applied to the task of finding solutions that will encourage cooperation while discouraging free riding. The cooperative conduct of peers is typically portrayed as a traditional version of the game known as the "Prisoners' Dilemma." It is common knowledge that if two peers engage in a situation known as the Prisoner's Dilemma more than once, collaboration can be achieved through the use of punishment. Nevertheless, this is not the case when there is only one interaction between peers. This short article demonstrates that Kantian peers prefer to cooperate and attain social welfare even when they interacted only once. This, dissuade peers from freeriding.Comment: 1

A Resilient and Energy-saving Incentive System for Resource Sharing in MANETs

Despite of all progress in terms of computational power, communication bandwidth, and feature richness, limited battery capacity is the major bottleneck for using the resources of mobile devices in innovative distributed applications. Incentives are required for motivating a user to spend energy on behalf of other users and it must be ensured that providing these incentives neither consumes much energy by itself nor allows for free-riding and other types of fraud. In this paper, we present a novel incentive system that is tailored to the application scenario of energyaware resource-sharing between mobile devices. The system has low energy consumption due to avoiding the use of public key cryptography. It uses a virtual currency with reusable coins and detects forgery and other fraud when cashing coins at an off-line broker. A prototype-based measurement study indicates the energy-efficiency of the system, while simulation studies show its resilience to fraud. Even in scenarios with 75% of fraudulent users that are colluding to disguise their fraud only 3.2% of them get away with it while the energy overhead (about 3%) for the incentive system is still moderat

Can filesharers be triggered by economic incentives? Results of an experiment

Illegal filesharing on the internet leads to considerable financial losses for artists and copyright owners as well as producers and sellers of music. Thus far, measures to contain this phenomenon have been rather restrictive. However, there are still a considerable number of illegal systems, and users are able to decide quite freely between legal and illegal downloads because the latter are still difficult to sanction. Recent economic approaches account for the improved bargaining position of users. They are based on the idea of revenue-splitting between professional sellers and peers. In order to test such an innovative business model, the study reported in this article carried out an experiment with 100 undergraduate students, forming five small peer-to-peer networks.The networks were confronted with different economic conditions.The results indicate that even experienced filesharers hold favourable attitudes towards revenue-splitting.They seem to be willing to adjust their behaviour to different economic conditions

Interdisciplinary Trust Meta-Analysis

A meta-analysis of approximately 800 trust articles written from 1966 to 2006 in A+, A, and B journals are structured and analyzed. Contributions from the number of published trust articles, multidisciplinarity, trust objects, trust interactions types, and occurrence of key variables – in addition to the term trust - are deduced

Trust-Building in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing: Design Case Study for Algorithm-Based Reputation Systems

Peer-to-peer sharing platforms become increasingly important in the platform economy. From an HCI-perspective, this development is of high interest, as those platforms mediate between different users. Such mediation entails dealing with various social issues, e.g., building trust between peers online without any physical presence. Peer ratings have proven to be an important mechanism in this regard. At the same time, scoring via car telematics become more common for risk assessment by car insurances. Since user ratings face crucial problems such as fake or biased ratings, we conducted a design case study to determine whether algorithm-based scoring has the potential to improve trust-building in P2P-carsharing. We started with 16 problem-centered interviews to examine how people understand algorithm-based scoring, we co-designed an app with scored profiles, and finally evaluated it with 12 participants. Our findings show that scoring systems can support trust-building in P2P-carsharing and give insights how they should be designed

Digital platforms and cities: a literature review for urban research

This paper presents the findings of an international and interdisciplinary review of the literature on digital platforms and cities, with a focus on sharing (peer-to-peer) and forprofit (monetary exchange) platforms. First, the paper discusses why the development of virtually mediated peer-to-peer exchanges is a significant facet of contemporary urban change. Second, it develops a literature review clustered around five main empirical questions that may be relevant to urban research (the nature and boundaries of platform-mediated exchanges; their size and socio-economic organisation; their income and spatial distributional effects; their effects on existing markets; and their regulation and governance). This reveals that virtually mediated P2P exchanges have so far been addressed as a phenomenon sui generis. As discussed in the concluding section, urban research now needs to consider them within their broader urban contexts and in the light of sociological and political urban theory, in order to understand the mechanisms through which they interact with ongoing processes of social, spatial, economic and political restructuring of cities

Participation in ERA and Baltic Sea RDI Initiatives and Activities: Analysis and Policy Implications for Widening Participation of Strong and Moderate Innovators

The study is analysing science and research cooperation int the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in the frameworks of Baltic Science Network (BSN) policies and activities. The analysis is focused on three major topics: the set-up, governance and funding of instruments supporting RDI policies in BSR (1), the mapping of existing RDI cooperation patterns and networks in BSR and the analysis of factors holding back their development (2) and the analysis and recommendations for developing novel cooperation-enchacing policy instruments in BSR (3)