Óptima respuesta de la demanda residencial, usando tarifas dinámicas basadas en el negawatt

A flexible and efficient behavior of consumers in the energy use is vital for the adequate and environmentally supportive operation of the electrical system, that’s why new management techniques are developed. Historically, the electric pricing of residential consumers has been flat and constant in order to simplify billing processes, unfortunately this has provoked the separation between the paid price by the residential user and the hourly changing energy prices in the electric market, leading to its excessive use, especially at certain times of the day or seasons of the year, making necessary to invest more in the electricity system to supply the demand. In contrast to what has been described, this document proposes the implementation of dynamic TPRTP tariffs (Two Parts Real Time Price) related to hourly changes in energy costs and in addition to the amount of "Negawatts" (theoretical unit that represents the watts saved when RD is implemented) that each consumer can "generate" and that come either from the decrease in the use of energy called "Cutting Negawatts" or the "Deferred Negawatts" that are the result of different and optimal energy use, its importance lies in their effectively collaborate in the descent of the peaks of demand and come from deferrable charges whose change of use does not affect transcendentally in consumer "comfort".Un comportamiento flexible y eficiente de los consumidores en el uso de la energía, es vital para que el sistema eléctrico funcione adecuadamente y sea solidario con el medio ambiente, es por esta razón que se desarrollan nuevas técnicas de gestión para lograrlo. Históricamente la tarificación eléctrica de los consumidores residenciales ha sido del tipo plana y constante con el fin de simplificar los procesos de facturación, lamentablemente esto ha provocado la desvinculación entre el precio pagado por el usuario residencial y la variación horaria de precios de la energía en el mercado eléctrico, conllevando a su uso desmesurado sobretodo en ciertas horas del día o temporadas del año, haciendo necesaria mayor inversión en el sistema eléctrico para suplir la demanda. Este documento plantea la implementación de tarifas dinámicas TPRTP (Two Parts Real Time Price) relacionadas con los cambios horarios de los costos de energía y con la cantidad de “Negawatts” (unidad teórica que representa los watts ahorrados al implementarse RD) que cada consumidor pueda “generar” y que provienen ya sea de la disminución en el uso de energía por parte de los usuarios (“Negawatts de recorte”) o los “Negawatts de diferimiento” que son el resultado del uso diferente y óptimo de la energía, su importancia radica en que colaboran efectivamente en el descenso de los picos de demanda y provienen de cargas diferibles cuyo cambio de uso no afectan de forma trascendental en el “confort” del consumidor

Consumer targeting in residential demand response programmes

Demand response refers to a family of techniques that are available to electricity suppliers to aid with balancing supply and demand, typically by calling on consumers of electricity to reduce consumption during periods of high demand. In this paper we propose a novel approach to residential demand response, in which incentives are targeted at the subset of consumers who are both relevant (likely to use shiftable appliances, such as washing machines and dishwashers during peak hours) and willing to reduce (likely to react positively to a reduction request from their electricity supplier). To this end, we present a mixed integer programming solution that finds the optimal subset of consumers to target with incentives. We show that our solution is capable of significantly reducing supplier costs and smoothing peaks in electricity demand by targeting only a subset of the consumer pool