Privacy-preserving Payments for Transportation Systems

The operation of our society heavily relies on high mobility of people. Not only our social life but also our economy and trade are built upon a system where people need to be able to move around easily. The costs for building and maintaining a suitable transportation infrastructure to satisfy those needs are high, and to charge users is thus a central requirement. This calls for well functioning payment systems satisfying the multitude of requirements that transportation systems impose on them. Electronic payment systems have many benefits over traditional cash payments as they are easy to maintain, can be more secure, reduce revenue collection costs, and can reduce the execution time of a payment. However, as a drawback, currently employed electronic payment systems usually reveal a payer’s identity during a payment which greatly infringes customer privacy. In the transportation domain this allows to generate fine grain patterns of customers’ locations. Cryptographic payment protocols called e-cash have been proposed which allow to preserve a customer’s privacy. E-cash provides provable guarantees for both security and user privacy, as it allows secure, unlinkable payments which do not reveal the identity of the payer during a payment. From a security and privacy perspective these protocols present a good solution. However, even though e-cash protocols have been proposed three decades ago, there are relatively few actual implementations. One reason for this is their high computational complexity which makes an implementation on potential mobile payment devices rather difficult. While customers usually value their privacy they often do not accept to sacrifice convenience. A fast execution of payments is thus a hard constraint, which conflicts with the computational complexity of e-cash schemes. This dissertation analyzes how e-cash can be used to solve the issue of privacy in the domain of transportation payments while satisfying the unique requirements of transportation payment systems and achieving high security and ease of use. Highlyefficient implementations of the underlying cryptographic primitives of e-cash schemes on constrained devices as they might be used in the transportation setting are presented. Based on the efficient implementations of these primitives, e-cash schemes are analyzed with regards to speed and hardware requirements. The results show that e-cash presents a good solution for privacy-preserving payments in the domain of public transport, if the number of coins that have to be spent can be limited. It is further practically shown that this limitation can be alleviated relying on the e-cash based privacy-preserving pre-payments with refunds scheme (P4R). Moreover, it is demonstrated that the promising feature of supporting the encoding of user attributes into electronic coins can be implemented at only moderate extra cost. Finally, an ecash based e-mobility payment scheme is presented which highlights the flexibility and unique advantages of e-cash based transportation payment schemes

Method for registration of vaccines for covid 19, through nfc technology

Conferencia de la 8th Eighth International Virtual Conference on Biosignals, Images, and Instrumentation (ICBSII).In these times of pandemic caused by Covid-19, new ways of dealing with the effects of the virus emerge, for this reason multiple measures are being carried out with the intention of mitigating its effects in the event of a possible contagion, which is why vaccinations are being carried out massive in order to be able to defend oneself against potential contagions, in this work an application made using the NFC communication protocol that mobile devices have is shown, as a result the demonstration of the use of the application is presented, where it reflects the data to be entered and can be viewed from any device.Campus At

Performance Analysis of SAP-NFC Protocol

The operations cost of authentication session is considered as strict indicator to evaluate the authentication protocols side by side with the security requirements achievements in the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The secure authentication protocol for the NFC mobile payment systems (SAP-NFC) one of the recent authentication protocols that have proposed to achieve high level of security features such as the fully mutual authentication, anonymity and untraceability. Moreover, the SAP-NFC protocol can prevent the current security attacks. This paper, analyzes the performance of the SAP-NFC protocol comparing with the other recent NFC mobile payment protocols in the NFC devices that are included in the system. The performance analysis has illustrated that the SAP-NFC protocol not only supports strong security features, but also offers low cost in term of amount of computations

An Enhancement of Security Standards based on Pseudonyms

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, numerous mobile terminals have been released into market with NFC which stands for Near Field Communication. The smart devices equipped with NFC have made to improve the effective utility range of NFC. Particularly, NFC electronic payment is expected to take place of credit cards in epayment. Regarding that, it is necessary to direct the attention of security issues in NFC. At present, the security standards make use of user's public key at a fixed value in key agreement process. The message's relevancy can be obtained at the public key of NFC. Based on, malicious attacker can form a profile by collecting the required messages which leads to the infringement of privacy of user. The planned work presents conditional privacy protection method based on pseudonyms to overcome the problems mentioned earlier. Two users can communicate to each other based on some set of rules by sending the conditional privacy preserved Protocol Data Unit through NFC terminals. Additionally, the communicating party's identity can be computed to resolve problem if occurs. The proposal is implemented in hardware using ARM 7processor and NFC readers. It works well in decreasing the update cost and computation overhead by taking the merit of physical characteristics of NFC

Opportunistic mobile social networks: architecture, privacy, security issues and future directions

Mobile Social Networks and its related applications have made a very great impact in the society. Many new technologies related to mobile social networking are booming rapidly now-a-days and yet to boom. One such upcoming technology is Opportunistic Mobile Social Networking. This technology allows mobile users to communicate and exchange data with each other without the use of Internet. This paper is about Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks, its architecture, issues and some future research directions. The architecture and issues of Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks are compared with that of traditional Mobile Social Networks. The main contribution of this paper is regarding privacy and security issues in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks. Finally, some future research directions in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks have been elaborated regarding the data's privacy and security