The Impact of Donald Trump’s Tweets on College Student Civic Engagement in Relation to his Perceived Credibility and Expertise

Donald Trump’s tweets have become prevalent in today’s society. Because college students use social media so often, it would be incumbent for the researcher to examine the impact Donald Trump’s tweets might have on these young adults’, civic engagement and how the tweets may be affecting his perceived credibility and expertise. The researcher administered a questionnaire to 350 college students from a private medium sized west coast university using various modified scales examining credibility, expertise and civic engagement. Civic engagement was measured using an adapted version of several civic engagement instruments. The researcher used a correlation analysis to offer answers for the proposed research questions. It was found that Donald Trump’s tweets have a significant positive impact on the way college students perceive him to be credible while also effecting their perception of his level of expertise. The tweets did not indicate a correlation to civic engagement, but further research concluded that specific tweets have the ability to have a significant negative correlation on civic attitudes and behaviors. The correlation analysis also found that there was a significant negative correlation between which form of media students use the most and their civic engagement. A regression analysis was performed to see if the tweets had predicting power on college student perception of his credibility and expertise. The tweets demonstrated predicting power. A regression analysis was done to see if the tweets had predicting power on college student civic engagement; the regression results showed no significant predicting power between the two. These results suggest that tweets from a United States President have a significant influence on how he is perceived to be credible, the perception of his level of expertise and how his tweets may be affecting civic engagement on college campuses

Measuring engagement on twitter using a composite index: An application to social media influencers

El compromiso en las redes sociales es un concepto complejo, en el que interactúan muchos componentes interconectados y difíciles de evaluar. Es precisamente esta complejidad la que motivó este trabajo, que propone un índice compuesto como herramienta para medir el engagement. Utilizando TOPSIS, un método multicriterio que basa su ranking en minimizar la distancia al punto ideal y maximizar la distancia al anti-ideal, se utiliza una combinación de indicadores basados ​​en dos enfoques: el enfoque del tweet y el enfoque del seguidor. El primero refleja el compromiso basado en la producción del usuario y el segundo mide el compromiso por popularidad. Este índice se aplicó a un grupo de Social Media Influencers y se obtuvo un ranking general, así como un ranking por cada enfoque de medición del engagement. La comparación de los rankings generados por los diferentes enfoques muestra la idoneidad y pertinencia de ambos, ya que se confirma que miden aspectos diferentes, y que ambos son necesarios para ofrecer una visión holística del engagement que genera un usuario en Twitter; este es un hallazgo nuevo en comparación con estudios anteriores, que solo se centraron en un enfoque u otro.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Analisa Jejaring Sosial dan Retorika Deliberatif

The aim of this research is to examine the phenomenon of deliberative rhetoric using the hashtag #SepakatDamai on Twitter to motivate the public. After the tragedy of riots between football supporters at the Kanjuruhan Stadium, it succeeded in triggering public attention and became a trending topic on Twitter. Many football supporters and the general public take an active role in voicing peace to reduce fighting. Through the hashtag #SepakatDamai, the public is persuaded to get involved in carrying out peace agreement actions so that, in the future, there will no longer be any hostility between football supporters. In the end, tweets from actors involved in peaceful demonstrations form social network patterns that can be utilized in deliberative rhetorical actions. The hashtag #SepakatDamai plays a role in mobilizing public opinion support for the peace agreement between football supporters. This discussion emerged spontaneously on Twitter and was widely discussed until it became a trending Twitter topic. This research uses the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method and then connects it with the Digital Movement of Opinion and Rhetoric Theory. This research stage began by determining the most dominant actor in the hashtag #SepakatDamai. After that, the researcher carried out an analysis of the posts made by that actor to determine the rhetorical phenomenon. The results of this research found that the hashtag #SepakatDamai succeeded in mobilizing public opinion about the football supporters' peace agreement. The most dominant actor is @mafiawasit, with a network structure value of degree 1.471, closeness 1.0, betweenness 0.000238, and eigenvector 1.0. The @mafiawasit account carries out deliberative rhetoric for the public by showing the facts that have occurred regarding the peace agreement between football supporters through posts on Twitter and retweeting similar posts so that the public follows the peaceful demonstration

Risk Distance: The Loss of Strength Gradient and Colombia's Geography of Impunity

The dissertation proposes a theoretical category of distance, risk distance, as a prompt for understanding outcomes in internal armed struggles. Geographers are familiar with cost distance -- conceiving distance according to the time or material resources needed to move people and things. Risk distance is closer conceptually to what strategists might recognize as the distance to the `culminating point', which is a theoretical point in space and time beyond which an armed force would run an imprudent risk to its survival (if it were to continue to pursue, attack, or remain in the same position, etc.). Combat leaders seek to lengthen the distances to their culminating points and shorten those of their opponents. Cost and risk distances are generally related inversely: risk distances can shorten as cost distances increase. In Colombia's internal conflict, a variety of geographic phenomena (rugged upslopes, international borders, urban slums, jungles) share effect on risk distance -- favoring a fugitive entity by disproportionately shortening the risk distances of its pursuers. Risk distance also applies to civilian activity. If the Euclidean distance from a rural community to a hospital maternity ward were 70 kilometers, the cost distance might be six hours and four thousand pesos. The rough ride or danger of attack along the way could lead expecting parents to perceive the risk distance as only thirty kilometers down the road or two hours of travel time. The distance to the feared point of too much risk makes their attempt to go to that hospital untenable. In Colombia, violent armed groups escape to areas beyond their rivals' reach, seeking routes (typically long-established smuggling routes) that help shorten the pursuers' risk distances. These routes and sanctuaries, created within armed rivalry, are often spatially coincident with rural population centers that also appear remote, that is, beyond many quotidian risk distances. This spatial coincidence (of conditions involving certain prosaic and violent rivalry risk distances) contributes to causing some rural communities to fall victim to or collaborate in organized violence; but the differential in rivals' risk distances is by itself more significant to the prolongation or outcome of internal conflict

Producing Bodies, Knowledge, and Community in Everyday Civilian Struggle over Surveillance

In a global context of rapidly expanding security practices, those cast as social threats are themselves often most risk of harm. In this dissertation, I develop the concept surveillance threat (ST) to describe the perception or experience of impending or actual harm faced by targeted civilians when they are stopped or screened by law enforcement. Singled out by race and other lines of sociocultural force, those stopped risk physical, legal, sexual, and spatial consequences. Yet focusing solely on the risk of harm limits the full meaning of this encounter. As I show in my research, civilians persistently struggle against these threats. Using the police practice of stop and frisk in New York City as a case study, I analyze ST and civilian response from the civilian perspective. In my mixed methods approach, I bring together survey and narrative data on stop and frisk, widening the unit of analysis from unidirectional harm to multidirectional struggle. Shifting attention to the interaction as a dynamic reframes these relations of power as more than a simple, imbalanced opposition. Instead, based on my findings, I theorize an embodied civilian psychology of responsiveness to threat that enables those targeted to engage the encounter as an active site of conflict. I find civilians consistently claim their rights, protect themselves and others, assert social power, construct critical knowledge, and pursue justice. Applying Abu Lughod\u27s (1990) insight where there is resistance, there is power, I then study how civilians enact urban civil life through their interactions with police, recognizing a collective imaginary civilians draw on to influence the conditions of their daily lives. With concern for the ways police practice is restructuring urban environments by enforcing particular raced sexualities and genders, I bring a special focus to civilian constructions of racialized, sexual, and gender-infused space

The Tuskegee Revolt: Student Activism, Black Power, and the Legacy of Booker T. Washington

“The Tuskegee Revolt: Student Activism, Black Power, and the Legacy of Booker T. Washington” is a historical study of a student movement that challenged prevailing educational and political ideas in the nation’s most ideologically important historically black university. The late 1960s student movement at Tuskegee Institute played a significant off-campus role in shaping local, regional, and national social movements and politics. In the process, these Tuskegee students turned their attention back on-campus, and attempted to radically revise their school’s educational framework. Founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881, Tuskegee Institute represents the origin of a particular (and recurring) political-educational-paradigm for black people: deferring aspirations for collective political and social transformation and instead emphasizing individual and personal change. Washington’s legacy has been debated exhaustively, but thus far has been represented as a debate between Washington and external figures (principally W.E.B. Du Bois). The student movement at Tuskegee Institute — which demonstrates a historic pattern of internal debate, dissent, and protest — has never been the subject of scholarly investigation. From the school’s founding in the late 19th century, Tuskegee students consistently questioned and at times openly challenged various aspects of Washington’s paradigm. The most significant student protests at the school erupted in the late 1960s, and represent one of the most dynamic student movements in the South in these years. That movement provides a new vantage point from which to consider the legacy of Booker T. Washington. This study tells Tuskegee Institute’s history from the student perspective, explains the origins and dynamics of the 1960s movement, and attempts to understand the shifting political and educational ideas on the Tuskegee Institute campus in a historic moment of social conflict and change. For the first time, students at the institution Washington founded will have their say in the debate about his — and their school’s — legacy

A GROUNDED THEORY INVESTIGATION OF COUNSELOR EDUCATORS’ SOCIALLY JUST AND CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE COUNSELING LEADERSHIP

The purpose of the grounded theory study was to develop an abstracted theory concerning how counselor educator leaders engage in and enact socially just and culturally responsive counseling leadership in professional association and higher education contexts. This study addressed two research questions: What processes influence counselor education leaders to engage in and enact socially just and culturally responsive leadership in the context of counseling associations and higher education? and How does socially just and culturally responsive leadership occur in the contexts of counseling associations and higher education? This study included 18 participants with a range of social locations and professional leadership experiences in counseling associations and higher education. Participant data were collected over two rounds of semi-structured interviews, member checks, and peer debriefing. The researcher collected and analyzed data using the Straussian tradition of grounded theory combined with the theory of intersectionality to explore the experiences, narratives, and actions-interactions of the 18 counselor leaders. Findings from this study are presented using Corbin and Strauss’ (2015) framework, consisting of causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, actions, phenomenon, consequences, and a core-category. This study resulted in a data-driven model explaining how these 18 participants engaged in and enacted counseling leadership that they deemed as both socially just and culturally responsive. Based on the data and findings, implications for counseling leadership, training, and development; social justice and cultural responsivity; and future research are discussed