The role of transfer-appropriate processing in the effectiveness of decision-support graphics

The current project is an examination of the effectiveness of decision-support graphics in a simulated real-world task, and of the role those graphics should play in training. It is also an attempt to apply a theoretical account of memory performance-transfer-appropriate processing-to naturalistic decision making. The task in question is a low-fidelity air traffic control simulation. In some conditions, that task includes decision-support graphics designed to explicitly represent elements of the task that normally must be mentally represented-namely, trajectory and relative altitude. The assumption is that those graphics will encourage a type of processing different from that used in their absence. If so, then according to the theory of transfer-appropriate processing (TAP), the best performance should occur in conditions in which the graphics are present either during both training and testing, or else not at all. For other conditions, the inconsistent presence or absence of the graphics should lead to mismatches in the type of processing used during training and testing, thus hurting performance. A sample of 205 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to four experimental and two control groups. The results showed that the support graphics provided immediate performance benefits, regardless of their presence during training. However, presenting them during training had an apparent overshadowing effect, in that removing them during testing significantly hurt performance. Finally, although no support was found for TAP, some support was found for the similar but more general theory of identical elements

Human development and knowledge management: A fresh look

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a new approach to knowledge management and shows a relationship between human development and knowledge management in different countries. This study demonstrates the idea that the growth of countries depends on how each one manages their knowledge; investing in research and development, improving their production function and obtaining a welfare state which allows people to develop better their human capabilities. Our study includes an analysis of different organizations of countries: European Union, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), G-20, Cairns, Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Mercosur, BRIC and Next-11 (N-11). We identified five factors in the study using a rotated component matrix, which explained more than the 69.85% of the data: (1) knowledge creation potential; (2) ICT productivity; (3) knowledge internationalization; (4) research results and (5) education motorway. This paper provides an interesting focus on knowledge management and human development and our results show important links between countries which manage their knowledge correctly and efficiently and their level of human development. In consequence, countries that correctly manage their knowledge present a high human development level

Critical factors in knowledge management in countries: A global analysis about the process

RESUMEN: En la sociedad actual, el conocimiento se ha convertido en un activo muy valioso fuente de ventajas competitivas. Sin embargo aunque en el caso de las empresas esta importancia ha sido muy analizada en las últimas décadas, no se han realizado hasta el momento grandes esfuerzos en el análisis de la gestión del conocimiento en países, lo que ha motivado el presente estudio donde identificamos los factores críticos de este proceso en países a partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio: (1) Potencial de creación de conocimiento, (2) Productividad TIC, (3) Internacionalización del conocimiento, (4) Resultados de investigación y (5) Autopista de la educación. Posteriormente se propone un análisis comparativo de las principales variables relacionadas con la inversión y el resultado de conocimiento que permite conocer cómo los principales grupos de países del mundo (G-20, Unión Europea y APEC, entre otros) gestionan este activo.ABSTRACT: At present society, knowledge is a fundamental asset in order to obtain competitive advantages. However, although this asset is considered as essential in enterprises, there are not some studies about knowledge management in countries. In this scenario, we propose an interesting analysis about how countries manage their knowledge identifying five critical factors in this process: (1) Knowledge creation potential, (2) ICT Productivity, (3) Knowledge internationalization, (4) Research results and (5) Education motorway. After we propose a comparative analysis between countries using variables linked to knowledge investment and result, with the aim of know how the principal groups of countries (G-20, European Union and APEC, between others) manage their assets

Modelling adaptive web applications in OOWS

Las Aplicaciones Web Adaptativas son sistemas Web que plantean una solución a esta problemática, mediante la adaptación automática del acceso a ítems de información, servicios e hiperlinks, en base a las características de los usuarios. El desarrollo de estos sistemas exige adoptar una aproximación ingenieril que facilite la especificación de las funcionalidades adaptativas a proveer, junto con las características de los usuarios en las cuales se basan dichas funcionalidades. La presente tesis introduce una aproximación al desarrollo de Aplicaciones Web Adaptativas desde una perspectiva dirigida por modelos. Esta aproximación integra prácticas tradicionales de desarrollo de Aplicaciones Web con conceptos de-nidos y probados por la comunidad de Hipermedia Adaptativa. Tomando como base el proceso de desarrollo de aplicaciones Web OOWS (Object Oriented Web Solutions), se defíne un conjunto de primitivas conceptuales que permiten expresar técnicas adaptativas a un alto nivel de abstracción. La definición de estas primitivas es respaldada por una propuesta de Modelado de Usuarios. Además, un conjunto de estrategias de modelado permite incorporar Métodos Adaptativos a los esquemas navegacionales de OOWS, en base a dichas primitivas.Rojas Durán, GE. (2008). Modelling adaptive web applications in OOWS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2000Palanci

Management. A continuing bibliography with indexes

This bibliography cites 604 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1979 covering the management of research and development, contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control. Program, project, and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decision making processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting are also covered. Abstracts are provided as well as subject, personal author, and corporate source indexes

Management: A continuing literature survey with indexes

This bibliography lists 782 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in 1977. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA and STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. Topics cover the management of research and development contracts, production, logistics, personnel, safety, reliability and quality control citations. Includes references on: program, project and systems management; management policy, philosophy, tools, and techniques; decisionmaking processes for managers; technology assessment; management of urban problems; and information for managers on Federal resources, expenditures, financing, and budgeting

Soundscape mapping: comparing listening experiences

The perceived auditory environment is an increasingly important part of people’s everyday interactive experiences. While sound design is an established discipline in media such as video games and cinema, this is not the case in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). HCI designers are rarely trained in sound design, and may not make the most effective use of sound in the design of interactions. Even when sound is at the centre of a design it is rarely evaluated to compare the experiences of designers and listeners. This dissertation reports work conducted to develop a way of comparing sound designers’ intentions for a sound design with the experiences of listeners. Literature on methods of measuring, classifying and visualising sound was reviewed, as well as approaches to sound design in different forms of media and computing. A published method for representing auditory environments was selected for preliminary studies. The four studies addressed to the difficulties of describing auditory environments and how they might be visualised. Two surveys were conducted in order to identify attributes of sound that would be meaningful to 75 audio professionals and 40 listeners. A way of classifying and visualising sound events and their distribution in physical environments was developed and evaluated.The soundscape mapping tool (SMT) was trialled with sound designs from a range of fields within media and computing. The experiences of both the designer and listeners were captured for each of the designs using the SMT. This work demonstrated that the SMT was suitable for capturing the intentions of 10 sound designers and the experiences of 100 listeners. The trial also provided information about how the SMT could be developed further. The dissertation contributes evidence that auditory environments can be abstracted and visualised in a manner that allows designers to represent their designs, and listeners to record their experiences