Understanding Source Incompatibilism

Source incompatibilism is an increasingly popular version of incompatibilism about determinism and moral responsibility. However, many self-described source incompatibilists formulate the thesis differently, resulting in conceptual confusion that can obscure the relationship between source incompatibilism and other views in the neighborhood. In this paper I canvas various formulations of the thesis in the literature and argue in favor of one as the least likely to lead to conceptual confusion. It turns out that accepting my formulation has some surprising taxonomical consequence

The Social Wellbeing of New York City's Neighborhoods: The Contribution of Culture and the Arts

This report presents the conceptual framework, data and methodology, and findings of a two-year study of culture and social wellbeing in New York City by SIAP with Reinvestment Fund. Building on their work in Philadelphia, the team gathered data from City agencies, borough arts councils, and cultural practitioners to develop a 10-dimension social wellbeing framework—which included construction of a cultural asset index—for every neighborhood in the five boroughs. The research was undertaken between 2014 and 2016.The social wellbeing tool enables a variety of analyses: the distribution of opportunity across the city;identification of areas with concentrated advantage, concentrated disadvantage, aswell as "diverse and struggling" neighborhoods with both strengths and challenges; and analysis of the relationship of"neighborhood cultural ecology" to other features of a healthy community

A Changed Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation Intervention Strategy for Puerto Rico

This paper presents an analysis of the community development field and of NeighborWorks organizations in Puerto Rico as a conceptual framework for developing a changed intervention strategy by Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation. It was developed by Tubal Padilla Galiano, management consultant, with research and other assistance from Deepak Lamba Nieves, community development intern. Our hope is to promote a focused discussion that will lead to the necessary adjustments for the effective development of Puerto Rico-based NeighborWorks organizations

Interpreting multiscale domains of tree cover disturbance patterns in North America

Spatial patterns at multiple observation scales provide a framework to improve understanding of pattern-related phenomena. However, the metrics that are most sensitive to local patterns are least likely to exhibit consistent scaling relations with increasing extent (observation scale). A conceptual framework based on multiscale domains (i.e., geographic locations exhibiting similar scaling relations) allows the use of sensitive pattern metrics, but more work is needed to understand the actual patterns represented by multiscale domains. The objective of this study was to improve the interpretation of scale-dependent patterns represented by multiscale domains. Using maps of tree cover disturbance covering North American forest biomes from 2000 to 2012, each 0.09-ha location was described by the proportion and contagion of disturbance in its neighborhood, for 10 neighborhood extents from 0.81 ha to 180 km2. A k-means analysis identified 13 disturbance profiles based on the similarity of disturbance proportion and contagion across neighborhood extent. A wall to wall map of multiscale domains was produced by assigning each location (disturbed and undisturbed) to its nearest disturbance profile in multiscale pattern space. The multiscale domains were interpreted as representing two aspects of local patterns – the proximity of a location to disturbance, and the interior-exterior relationship of a location relative to nearby disturbed areas.Ye

Constructing Crime: Neighborhood Characteristics and Police Recording Behavior

It has long been acknowledged that police officers have substantial levels of discretion in their day-to-day activities. There is a well developed body of literature that considers how this discretion is exercised across a broad array of situations including the decision to arrest, use force, and grant citizen requests for official action. Using both social disorganization and conflict theories as conceptual models, the purpose of this study was to determine if neighborhood characteristics affect police reporting behavior across a wide cross-section of reported call types. The findings indicated that reporting behavior widely varies across crime types with a greater percentage of more serious crimes translated into official crime. Neighborhood characteristics did affect reporting practices, but surprisingly only for more serious forms of disorder where discretion was perceived to be less. The findings lent support for both social disorganization and conflict theories. Theoretical implications are discussed

Envisioning Resilience & Revitalization in the Apremont Triangle Neighborhood

ENVISIONING RESILIENCE AND REVITALIZATION IN THE APREMONT TRIANGLE NEIGHBORHOOD This urban design studio partnered with the City of Springfield to investigate the complexity of issues facing the Apremont Triangle neighborhood within the metro district and develop a range of conceptual designs. The studio focused on developing ideas that improve the livability of the neighborhoods, walkability of streets, and improve the environmental and economic health of the neighborhood. Resiliency in this context means that the neighborhood strives for a social and physical balance. The Studio began by conducting an inventory and analysis of cultural, economic, and ecological factors that influence the neighborhood. A series of community engagement strategies were employed to gather input and perspective of neighborhood needs. These included an online survey, meetings with neighborhood organizations and key stakeholders, a storefront gallery display on Chestnut Street, and a findings presentation to the community. The proposed conceptual designs aim to revitalize and improve the neighborhood in a many ways including, walkability and connectivity of the neighborhood, employing green stormwater management practices, phytotechnologies, increasing urban agriculture, illustrating local education and business opportunities. Project Significance: This studio reached out to numerous community organizations and created new partnerships that will benefit future research and design work. This effort will strengthen the role of community organizations in the city and give them a stronger voice. The work reveals the underused potentials of a neglected and underused area in the city of Springfield

New opportunities for future, small, General-Aviation Turbine Engines (GATE)

The results of four independent contracted studies to explore the opportunities for future small turbine engines are summarized in a composite overview. Candidate advanced technologies are screened, various cycles and staging arrangements are parametrically evaluated, and optimum conceptual engines are identified for a range of 300 to 600 horsepower applications. Engine improvements of 20 percent in specific fuel consumption and 40 percent in engine cost were forecast using high risk technologies that could be technically demonstrated by 1988. The ensuing economic benefits are in the neighborhood of 20 to 30 percent for twin-engine aircraft currently powered by piston engines

Residential Segregation, Neighborhood Social and Physical Context in Obesity Disparities in Hispanic Preschoolers: A Conceptual Model

During the last decade, there has been a significant inclusion in obesity prevention studies from individual characteristics to household factors then neighborhood factors. The study of place in the context of early childhood obesity studies has been limited to the food and physical built environment. With the persistent disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity, and Hispanic minorities being increasingly affected, there is a need to reexamine existing models and develop new model conceptual frameworks to examine the role of place and residential segregation in the context of race, ethnicity, social position, and socioeconomic disparities. In the context of place as a relational space linked to where young children live, play and learn, this paper conceptualizes the role of the neighborhood social and physical factors as well as organizational, household and/or individual factors as mediators of the correlation between residential segregation and obesity in Hispanic preschoolers. In the model, we also attempted to include the role of policies and programs in moderating the negative effects of racial residential segregation and resource inequalities and their interactions with the multiple factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. Recommendations for future research need are identified

Rural neighborhood-urban neighborhood: a conceptual review

The text aims to present a conceptual review of the neighborhood term since his initial studies focused on rural areas, passing by later reading within the urban context. In Brazil, the first analyzes, both in Sociology and in Geography, were based on the concept of “neighborhoods hillbillies” in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, that after unfolded in the last century, in analyzes of urban cells in Rio de Janeiro and in Sao Paulo. After these traditional studies, and a hiatus of work about the neighbourhood (1958-1982), has the advent in 1980/90, a new series of studies, they supported, especially in two theoretical strands of geogra- phy: a humanistic-cultural and marxist-lefebvrean. It is therefore through these different perspectives that the text supports its conceptual revisiting about the neighborhood.O texto se propõe a apresentar uma revisão conceitual do termo bairro, desde seus estudos iniciais centrados no espaço rural, passando por leituras posteriores dentro do contexto urbano. No Brasil, as primeiras análises, tanto na Sociologia como na Geografia, assentavam-se na conceituação de “bairros caipiras” do interior paulista, que depois se desdobraram, em meados do século passado, em análises de células urbanas no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo. Depois destes estudos tradicionais, e de um hiato de trabalhos sobre o bairro (1958-1982), há o advento em 1980/90, de uma nova série de estudos, estes apoiados, especialmente, em duas vertentes teóricas da Geografia: a humanista-cultural e a marxista-lefebvreana. É, pois, através destas diferentes perspectivas que o texto apoia sua revisitação conceitual sobre o bairro