MERRA Analytic Services: Meeting the Big Data Challenges of Climate Science Through Cloud-enabled Climate Analytics-as-a-service

Climate science is a Big Data domain that is experiencing unprecedented growth. In our efforts to address the Big Data challenges of climate science, we are moving toward a notion of Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (CAaaS). We focus on analytics, because it is the knowledge gained from our interactions with Big Data that ultimately produce societal benefits. We focus on CAaaS because we believe it provides a useful way of thinking about the problem: a specialization of the concept of business process-as-a-service, which is an evolving extension of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS enabled by Cloud Computing. Within this framework, Cloud Computing plays an important role; however, we it see it as only one element in a constellation of capabilities that are essential to delivering climate analytics as a service. These elements are essential because in the aggregate they lead to generativity, a capacity for self-assembly that we feel is the key to solving many of the Big Data challenges in this domain. MERRA Analytic Services (MERRAAS) is an example of cloud-enabled CAaaS built on this principle. MERRAAS enables MapReduce analytics over NASAs Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data collection. The MERRA reanalysis integrates observational data with numerical models to produce a global temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of 26 key climate variables. It represents a type of data product that is of growing importance to scientists doing climate change research and a wide range of decision support applications. MERRAAS brings together the following generative elements in a full, end-to-end demonstration of CAaaS capabilities: (1) high-performance, data proximal analytics, (2) scalable data management, (3) software appliance virtualization, (4) adaptive analytics, and (5) a domain-harmonized API. The effectiveness of MERRAAS has been demonstrated in several applications. In our experience, Cloud Computing lowers the barriers and risk to organizational change, fosters innovation and experimentation, facilitates technology transfer, and provides the agility required to meet our customers' increasing and changing needs. Cloud Computing is providing a new tier in the data services stack that helps connect earthbound, enterprise-level data and computational resources to new customers and new mobility-driven applications and modes of work. For climate science, Cloud Computing's capacity to engage communities in the construction of new capabilies is perhaps the most important link between Cloud Computing and Big Data

NASA Earth Science Mission Control Center Enterprise Emerging Technology Study Study (MCC Technology Study)

This paper reports on the results of the study to identify technologies that could have a significant impact on Earth Science mission operations when looking out at the 5-15 year horizon (through 2025). The potential benefits of the new technologies will be discussed, as well as recommendations for early research and development, prototyping, or analysis for these technologies

Internet Predictions

More than a dozen leading experts give their opinions on where the Internet is headed and where it will be in the next decade in terms of technology, policy, and applications. They cover topics ranging from the Internet of Things to climate change to the digital storage of the future. A summary of the articles is available in the Web extras section

Towards an Extended Interoperability Systemic Approach for Dynamic Manufacturing Networks: Role and Assessment of PLMStandards

Abstract. This paper aims at illustrating some limitations of the systemic approach when will-ing to ensure the interoperability of PLM solutions within a Dynamic Manufacturing Network (DMN), based on e-Business PLM standards and their implementations, being industrial pro-cesses, methods, applications or Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions. Indeed, addressing interoperability challenges in such a complex digital business eco-system calls for a holistic approach based on the “system ” paradigm. Setting this way, a part of our goal is to underline the limits and drawbacks of such an approach as interoperability brakes and to derive the issues that must be addressed in terms of research in order to remove them. This paper introduces a new approach in order to set up a test bed environment for PLM standards. The required and proposed approach considers a PLM standard not only as a technical solution, but above all as a strategic solution for which it is mandatory to support and enhance discus-sions between enterprise, product/system, processes, ICT architects and designers. The pro-posed approach- for analyzing and assessing the relevancy of PLM standards regarding their usage in specific business contexts- will be illustrated with a multi-layer modeling language. This language is used to model standards-based business collaboration scenarios and to mode

A Survey on Security Aspects of Server Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Significant exploitation and utilization of cloud computing in industry is come with and in the identical time vulnerable by unease regarding protection of data hold by cloud computing providers. One of the penalties of moving data processing and storage off business site is that organizations have fewer controls over their infrastructure. seeing that, cloud service (CS) providers must hope that the CS provider is capable to protect their data and infrastructure from both exterior and domestic attacks. Presently however, such hope can only rely on organizational procedures stated by the CS provider and cannot be remotely verified and validated by an external party. The central distinction between cloud computing and conventional enterprise internal Information Technology services is that the proprietor and the consumer of cloud Information Technology infrastructures are separated in cloud. This transform requires a safety responsibility severance in cloud computing. Cloud service providers (CSP) should safe the services they propose and cannot surpass the customers’ authorities. Virtualization is a buildup utterance in the Information Technology world. With the assure to reduce the ever mounting infrastructure inside data centers connected to other important apprehensions such as ease of use and scalability, virtualization technology has been in advance recognition not only with IT experts yet also among administrators and executives as well. The progressively more growing rate of the approval of this technology has exposed these systems to new protection concerns which in recent history have been unnoticed or merely overlooked. This paper presents an in depth state of art gaze at  present most old server virtualization explanations, as well as a writing study on different security matters found inside this virtualization technology. These problems can be practical to all the existing virtualization technologies accessible with no spotlight on a specific answer. Nevertheless, we do susceptibility investigation of two of the mainstream recognized virtualization answers: VMware ESX and Xen. to conclude, we illustrate some clarifications on how to progress the security of online banking and electronic commerce, using virtualization

Digital Twin in the IoT context: a survey on technical features, scenarios and architectural models

Digital Twin is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in various industries. It refers to the ability to clone a physical object into a software counterpart. The softwarized object, termed logical object, reflects all the important properties and characteristics of the original object within a specific application context. To fully determine the expected properties of the Digital Twin, this paper surveys the state of the art starting from the original definition within the manufacturing industry. It takes into account related proposals emerging in other fields, namely, Augmented and Virtual Reality (e.g., avatars), Multi-agent systems, and virtualization. This survey thereby allows for the identification of an extensive set of Digital Twin features that point to the “softwarization” of physical objects. To properly consolidate a shared Digital Twin definition, a set of foundational properties is identified and proposed as a common ground outlining the essential characteristics (must-haves) of a Digital Twin. Once the Digital Twin definition has been consolidated, its technical and business value is discussed in terms of applicability and opportunities. Four application scenarios illustrate how the Digital Twin concept can be used and how some industries are applying it. The scenarios also lead to a generic DT architectural Model. This analysis is then complemented by the identification of software architecture models and guidelines in order to present a general functional framework for the Digital Twin. The paper, eventually, analyses a set of possible evolution paths for the Digital Twin considering its possible usage as a major enabler for the softwarization process

Understanding the Cloud Computing Ecosystem: Results from a Quantitative Content Analysis

An increasing number of companies make use of CloudComputing services in order to reduce costs and increaseflexibility of their IT infrastructure. This has enlivened a debateon the benefits and risks of Cloud Computing, among bothpractitioners and researchers. This study applies quantitativecontent analysis to explore the Cloud Computing ecosystem. Theanalyzed data comprises high quality research articles andpractitioner-oriented articles from magazines and web sites. Weapply n-grams and the cluster algorithm k-means to analyze theliterature. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First, itidentifies the key terms and topics that are part of the CloudComputing ecosystem which we aggregated to a comprehensivemodel. Second, this paper discloses the sentiments of key topicsas reflected in articles from both practice and academia