Nationality and international innovation management: A cross-national study at the MNC subsidiary level

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT

Mapping the future of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: a review and research agenda

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (MandA) are considered one of the main strategies employed by firms to maintain a competitive edge and compete in the high-velocity global industry. This research field holds great promise as many facets are underexplored. Taking into consideration the growing interdisciplinary interest in MandA research, in this article, we performed content analysis in combination with the statistical procedure homogeneity analysis by means of alternating least squares (HOMALS) on 933 articles gathered from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The quantitative analysis of the intellectual structure of cross-border MandA field yielded the six topics of interest for future research: acquisition versus strategic alliance or joint venture, partial purchase, the outbound acquisitions from emerging-market firms, micro-multinationals, the human side of cross-border acquisitions that tie in with the upper echelons research and knowledge management and transfer, in specific, tacit knowledge

Virtual R&D teams in small and medium enterprises: a literature review

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the driving engine behind economic growth. While SMEs play a critical role in generating employment and supporting trade, they face numerous challenges, the prominent among them are the need to respond to fasting time-to-market, low-cost and rapid solutions to complex organizational problems. Towards that end, research and development (R & D) aspect deserves particular attention to promote and facilitate the operations of SMEs. Virtual R & D team could be a viable option. However, literature shows that virtual R & D teaming in SMEs is still at its infancy. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R & D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the state-of-the-art literature review is to provide an overview on the structure and dynamics of R & D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the foundation and importance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R & D team and SMEs has been examined. It concludes with the identification of the gaps in the existing literature's and calls for future research. It is argued that setting-up an infrastructure for virtual R & D team in SMEs still requires a large amount of engineering efforts and deserves consideration at top level management

SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literature and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs

Trust, Organizational Controls, Knowledge Acquisition from the Foreign Parents, and Performance in Vietnamese International Joint Ventures

Successful adaptation in strategic alliances "calls for a delicate balance between the twin virtues of reliability and flexibility" [Parkhe 1998]. On one hand, the joint venture must be flexible enough to respond to the uncertainties of competitive business environments because it is not feasible to plan for every possible contingency. Yet, on the other hand, unfettered flexibility invites dysfunctional behavior, such as opportunism and complacency. This delicate balance accompanies a parallel balance between trust and control of the joint venture. The primary goal of this study is to empirically examine this relationship in the context of Vietnamese international joint ventures (IJVs) by building on the model of knowledge acquisition and performance in IJVs established by Lyles and Salk [1996]. This study makes three major contributions to the literature. First it confirms several findings of the original Lyles and Salk study [1996]. Second, we strengthen Lyles and Salk's original model by incorporating multiple measures of both interorganizational trust and control as independent variables. Finally, this study represents one of the first in-depth examinations of business in the emerging Vietnamese economy.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39713/3/wp329.pd

Imprinting effects, managerial knowledge and the internationalisation of small and medium size enterprises from emerging economies

This thesis examines the internationalisation behaviour of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) from emerging economies. In summary, the thesis comprises of five chapters: First, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the full thesis. Chapter 2 systematically reviews 55 selected articles, first examining the underlying reasons why SMEs in emerging markets internationalise, followed by their corresponding barriers. Concurrently, by examining theories that have been used to study the internationalisation of SMEs from emerging markets, findings from the literature are analysed. Findings suggest that through collaborations, in the form of networks, these SMEs have been able to indulge their resources, and in turn benefit from superior impacts on their overall performance. The management of information, knowledge and collaboration is therefore re-emphasised in this review, to ensure the success of emerging markets SMEs’ internationalisation. The analysis on this review provides valuable input on research suggestions and directions for future work in this area. Next, Chapter 3 discusses the issue of whether a firm’s ‘home’ environment influences SMEs’ scope of internationalisation. This chapter uses institutional and organisational imprinting theories to argue that emerging market SMEs born during the market liberalisation period are likely to have a greater scope of internationalisation than those founded in other periods. It also argues that this effect is moderated by the SMEs’ size, its dispersed ownership structure, and its geographical diversification. Hypotheses are tested using a sample of 177 Indian SMEs collected using secondary data from the Bureau Van Dijk’s ORBIS database. Results support the hypothesis on the relationship between home-market liberalisation imprinting and SMEs’ scope of internationalisation. Findings also support that the moderating effect of SMEs’ size, geographical diversification and ownership dispersion reduces the imprinting effect of the above relationship. Chapter 4 is about the relationship between SMEs’ managerial knowledge (i.e., foreign institutional knowledge, foreign business knowledge, foreign supply chain knowledge, and internationalisation knowledge) and their financial and non-financial performance. It examines the above link based on data collected from questionnaire survey responses of 295 SMEs from India involved in internationalisation. Research findings suggest that (1) SMEs’ managerial knowledge has a direct impact on their financial and non-financial performance, and that (2) SMEs financial performance plays a mediating role between their managerial knowledge and their non-financial performance. Hypotheses are based on the knowledge-based view of internationalisation, and the chapter provides deeper insights into the role of managerial knowledge on emerging-market SMEs’ internationalisation performance. Finally, Chapter 5 includes a discussion and conclusions of research findings from the PhD study. First, it describes how the research questions mentioned in the introduction chapter were addressed. Second, some suggestions and recommendations are given for continuation of the work presented in this thesis

SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed the engines of global economic growth. Their continued growth is a major subject for the economy and employment of any country. Towards that end, virtual research and development (R&D) could be a viable option to sustain and ease the operations of SMEs. However, literature shows there has not been a great deal of research into the diverse characteristic of virtual R&D teams in SMEs. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of virtual R&D teams collected from the reputed publications. The purpose of the literature review is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D collaboration in SMEs. Specifying the rationale and relevance of virtual teams, the relationship between virtual R&D team for SMEs and new product development (NPD) has been examined. It concludes with identifying the gaps and feebleness in the existing literature and calls for future research in this area. It is argued to form of virtual R&D team deserves consideration at top level management for venturing into the new product development within SMEs.Virtual teams, small and medium enterprises, new product development, R&D

FDI in the Algerian telecommunication sector: an analysis of motivations, constraints and effects

The Algerian government pursues liberalisation and economic reforms to boost growth and diversify the economy from dependence on oil. It solicits foreign investment in infrastructure in sectors including telecommunications, roads, power and water supply. Still, the oil sector remains the main driver of GDP growth, leaving the Algerian economy exposed to fluctuations in the world oil market. This research assesses the attempt to develop one of these sectors, telecommunications, by encouraging foreign direct investment. This is a technologically advanced sector with the potential to increase productivity across the economy On the basis of an extensive literature review, I develop a model to assess the effects of FDI on the telecom sector. This model starts with the classical position that government policy is a key determinant of the extent and nature of FDI inflows, principally through incentives, specific regulations, specific benefits and subsidies, or general policies such as liberalisation, but also through second-round effects on the competitive structure of the market. The model differs from classical accounts of FDI in the attention it gives to rents and rent capture, which I argue strongly mediate the effects of FDI, particularly in developing economies where markets tend to be inefficient, and in sectors such as telecommunications arising from the natural monopolies present. I apply this model to data collected from official sources and from multiple case studies from the Algerian telecommunications sector, involving 90 field interviews. The results suggest that the country has strongly benefited from the increase of FDI in the telecommunications sector, where this has been accompanied by new technology, finance, know-how and resources. Key reasons for this are government intervention on the market through liberalisation, specific regulation and specific benefits increasing the competitive rivalry and the rent capture via lobbying. The spillovers from FDI are also influenced by the mode of entry and management style, which is associated with country risk analysis. These benefits may be available for other sectors where the same conditions can be put in place

Strategic planning practices, entrepreneurial orientation, environmental uncertainty and internationalization of small and medium enterprises

The understanding on factors contributing to internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia is still lacking, and that the SME contribution to the country’s export is still small compared to those neighbouring countries and most of the developed countries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to empirically test the relationships between strategic planning practices, entrepreneurial orientation, and environmental uncertainty on the internationalization of SME’s in Malaysia. This study emanated from the fact that there is limited study in this area and more research should be conducted especially in the context of Malaysia. Based on the theoretical consideration a model was proposed and hypotheses were developed. Survey questionnaires were used in the data collection and a total of 250 useable responses were received from the exporting SMEs in Malaysia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was employed in the data analysis. The findings revealed that strategic planning practices and entrepreneurial orientation have significant and positive relationships with the internationalization of SMEs. The results further found the moderating role of environmental uncertainty in the relationships between strategic planning practices and internationalization as well as between entrepreneurial orientation and internationalization of SMEs. These findings also support the resource based view which emphasizes the importance of internal capability of a firm as an influenced driver in achieving export performance and competitive advantage. Thus this study sheds some light on an understanding and evaluation of the relationship between strategic planning practices, entrepreneurial orientation and environmental uncertainty on the internationalization of SMEs in Malaysia. Finally, the study concludes with some theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations and directions for future researc

Trust, Organizational Controls, Knowledge Acquisition from the Foreign Parents, and Performance in Vietnamese International Joint Ventures

Successful adaptation in strategic alliances "calls for a delicate balance between the twin virtues of reliability and flexibility" [Parkhe 1998]. On one hand, the joint venture must be flexible enough to respond to the uncertainties of competitive business environments because it is not feasible to plan for every possible contingency. Yet, on the other hand, unfettered flexibility invites dysfunctional behavior, such as opportunism and complacency. This delicate balance accompanies a parallel balance between trust and control of the joint venture. The primary goal of this study is to empirically examine this relationship in the context of Vietnamese international joint ventures (IJVs) by building on the model of knowledge acquisition and performance in IJVs established by Lyles and Salk [1996]. This study makes three major contributions to the literature. First it confirms several findings of the original Lyles and Salk study [1996]. Second, we strengthen Lyles and Salk's original model by incorporating multiple measures of both interorganizational trust and control as independent variables. Finally, this study represents one of the first in-depth examinations of business in the emerging Vietnamese economy.