Generalisierte Phasenstruktur-Grammatiken und ihre Verwendung zur maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung

Der vorliegende Artikel setzt sich mit der Syntaxtheorie der Generalisierten Phrasenstruktur-Grammatiken (GPSG) auseinander, gibt eine neue formale Definition des aktuellen Formalismus aus und zeigt die mit diesem Formalismus verbundenen Probleme auf. Darüber hinaus wird begründet, warum der Formalismus nicht effizient implementierbar ist. Es wird eine konstruktive Version von GPSG vorgeschlagen, die für die maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung (Parsing und Generierung) geeignet ist. Der Artikel kann gleichzeitig als eine Grundlage für Lehrveranstaltungen über GPSG dienen.This article describes the syntax theory of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG), introduces a new formal definition and reveals the problems connected with this formalism. Moreover it is shown why the formalism cannot be implemented. A constructive version of GPSG is suggested that is suitable for parsing and generation. This report may also serve as a basis for lectures about GPSG

Generalisierte Phasenstruktur-Grammatiken und ihre Verwendung zur maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung

Der vorliegende Artikel setzt sich mit der Syntaxtheorie der Generalisierten Phrasenstruktur-Grammatiken (GPSG) auseinander, gibt eine neue formale Definition des aktuellen Formalismus aus und zeigt die mit diesem Formalismus verbundenen Probleme auf. Darüber hinaus wird begründet, warum der Formalismus nicht effizient implementierbar ist. Es wird eine konstruktive Version von GPSG vorgeschlagen, die für die maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung (Parsing und Generierung) geeignet ist. Der Artikel kann gleichzeitig als eine Grundlage für Lehrveranstaltungen über GPSG dienen.This article describes the syntax theory of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG), introduces a new formal definition and reveals the problems connected with this formalism. Moreover it is shown why the formalism cannot be implemented. A constructive version of GPSG is suggested that is suitable for parsing and generation. This report may also serve as a basis for lectures about GPSG

Extraction and Coordination in Phrase Structure Grammar and Categorial Grammar

A large proportion of computationally-oriented theories of grammar operate within the confines of monostratality (i.e. there is only one level of syntactic analysis), compositionality (i.e. the meaning of an expression is determined by the meanings of its syntactic parts, plus their manner of combination), and adjacency (i.e. the only operation on terminal strings is concatenation). This thesis looks at two major approaches falling within these bounds: that based on phrase structure grammar (e.g. Gazdar), and that based on categorial grammar (e.g. Steedman). The theories are examined with reference to extraction and coordination constructions; crucially a range of 'compound' extraction and coordination phenomena are brought to bear. It is argued that the early phrase structure grammar metarules can characterise operations generating compound phenomena, but in so doing require a categorial-like category system. It is also argued that while categorial grammar contains an adequate category apparatus, Steedman's primitives such as composition do not extend to cover the full range of data. A theory is therefore presented integrating the approaches of Gazdar and Steedman. The central issue as regards processing is derivational equivalence: the grammars under consideration typically generate many semantically equivalent derivations of an expression. This problem is addressed by showing how to axiomatise derivational equivalence, and a parser is presented which employs the axiomatisation to avoid following equivalent paths

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism)

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism)