8 research outputs found

    A new translation from deduction into integer programming

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    The number of clones determined by disjunctions of unary relations

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    We consider finitary relations (also known as crosses) that are definable via finite disjunctions of unary relations, i.e. subsets, taken from a fixed finite parameter set Γ\Gamma. We prove that whenever Γ\Gamma contains at least one non-empty relation distinct from the full carrier set, there is a countably infinite number of polymorphism clones determined by relations that are disjunctively definable from Γ\Gamma. Finally, we extend our result to finitely related polymorphism clones and countably infinite sets Γ\Gamma.Comment: manuscript to be published in Theory of Computing System

    A DPLL Procedure with Dichotomous Branching for Propositional Product Logic

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    The propositional product logic is one of the basic fuzzy logics with continuous t-norms, exploiting the multiplication t-norm on the unit interval [0,1]. Our aim is to combine well-established automated deduction (theorem proving) with fuzzy inference. As a first step, we devise a modification of the procedure of Davis, Putnam, Logemann, and Loveland (DPLL) with dichotomous branching inferring in the product logic. We prove that the procedure is refutation sound and finitely complete. As a consequence, solutions to the deduction, satisfiability, and validity problems will be proposed for the finite case. The presented results are applicable to a design of intelligent systems, exploiting some kind of multi-step fuzzy inference

    Reasoning in combinations of theories

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    Verification problems are often expressed in a language which mixes several theories. A natural question to ask is whether one can use decision procedures for individual theories to construct a decision procedure for the union theory. In the cases where this is possible one has a powerful method at hand to handle complex theories effectively. The setup considered in this thesis is that of one base theory which is extended by one or more theories. The question is if and when a given ground satisfiability problem in the extended setting can be effectively reduced to an equi-satisfiable problem over the base theory. A case where this reductive approach is always possible is that of so-called local theory extensions. The theory of local extensions is developed and some applications concerning monotone functions are given. Then the theory of local theory extensions is generalized in order to deal with data structures that exhibit local behavior. It will be shown that a suitable fragment of both the theory of arrays and the theory of pointers is local in this broader sense. Finally, the case of more than one theory extension is discussed. In particular, a modularity result is given that under certain circumstances the locality of each of the extensions lifts to locality of the entire extension. The reductive approach outlined above has become particularly relevant in recent years due to the rise of powerful solvers for background theories common in verification tasks. These so-called SMT-solvers effectively handle theories such as real linear or integer arithmetic. As part of this thesis, a program called H-PILoT was implemented which carries out reductive reasoning for local theory extensions. H-PILoT found applications in mathematics, multiple-valued logics, data-structures and reasoning in complex systems.Verifikationsaufgaben kombinieren oft verschiedene Theorien. Eine naheliegende Frage ist, ob man Entscheidungsverfahren für die Einzeltheorien auf die gesamte Theorie übertragen kann. In den Fällen, wo das möglich ist, hat man eine mächtige Technik zur Hand, um mit komplexen Theorien effizient umgehen zu können. Der Ansatz, der in dieser Arbeit betrachtet wird, ist stets der einer Hintergrundtheorie, die durch eine oder mehrere Theorien erweitert wird. Die Frage ist dann, ob und wann sich eine gegebene Beweisanfrage bezüglich der Theorieerweiterung effektiv auf eine äquivalente Beweisanfrage bezüglich der Hintergrundtheorie reduzieren lässt. Ein Fall, in dem diese Reduzierung immer möglich ist, ist derjenige der lokalen Theorieerweiterungen. Die Theorie der lokalen Erweiterungen wird entwickelt, und es werden einige Anwendungen für monotone Funktionen gegeben. Danach wird die Theorie der lokalen Erweiterungen verallgemeinert, um mit Datenstrukturen umgehen zu können, die Lokalitätseigenschaften aufweisen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl ein geeignetes Fragment der Theorie der Arrays wie auch der Theorie der Zeiger lokal im erweiterten Sinne sind. Schließlich wird der Fall mehrerer Theorieerweiterungen betrachtet. Insbesondere wird ein Modularitätsresultat gezeigt, das besagt, dass unter gewissen Umständen die Lokalität der einzelnen Erweiterungen hinreichend ist, um die Lokalität der gesamten Erweiterung zu gewährleisten. Die oben erwähnte Reduzierung von Beweisaufgaben ist in jüngster Zeit besonders relevant geworden, weil leistungsfähige Beweiser für gängige Hintergrundtheorien entwickelt worden sind. Diese sogenannten SMT-Beweiser behandeln Theorien wie z.B. lineare Arithmetik der ganzen oder der reellen Zahlen effektiv. Als Teil der vorgelegten Arbeit wurde ein Programm namens H-PILoT entwickelt, welches die Reduzierung von Beweisaufgaben für lokale Theorien durchführt. H-PILoT hat Anwendungen in der Mathematik, bei mehrwertigen Logiken, bei der Verifikation von Datenstrukturen und in der Verifikation komplexer Systeme gefunden

    Complexity of Many-Valued Logics

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    Complexity of Many-Valued Logics

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    Complexity of Many-Valued Logics

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    As is the case for other logics, a number of complexity-related questions can be posed in the context of many-valued logic. Some of these, such as the complexity of the sets of satisfiable and valid formulas in various logics, are completely standard; others only make sense in a many-valued context. In this overview I concentrate on two kinds of complexity problems related to many-valued logic: first, I discuss the complexity of the membership problem in various languages, such as the satisfiable, respectively, the valid formulas in some well-known logics. Second, I discuss the size of representations of many-valued connectives and quantifiers, because this has a direct impact on the complexity of many kinds of deduction systems. I include results on both propositional and on first-order logic
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