21,596 research outputs found
Triaging Content Severity in Online Mental Health Forums
Mental health forums are online communities where people express their issues
and seek help from moderators and other users. In such forums, there are often
posts with severe content indicating that the user is in acute distress and
there is a risk of attempted self-harm. Moderators need to respond to these
severe posts in a timely manner to prevent potential self-harm. However, the
large volume of daily posted content makes it difficult for the moderators to
locate and respond to these critical posts. We present a framework for triaging
user content into four severity categories which are defined based on
indications of self-harm ideation. Our models are based on a feature-rich
classification framework which includes lexical, psycholinguistic, contextual
and topic modeling features. Our approaches improve the state of the art in
triaging the content severity in mental health forums by large margins (up to
17% improvement over the F-1 scores). Using the proposed model, we analyze the
mental state of users and we show that overall, long-term users of the forum
demonstrate a decreased severity of risk over time. Our analysis on the
interaction of the moderators with the users further indicates that without an
automatic way to identify critical content, it is indeed challenging for the
moderators to provide timely response to the users in need.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of the Association for
Information Science and Technology (2017
Recommended from our members
Impact of incomplete ventricular coverage on diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion imaging.
In the context of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), there is ongoing debate on the merits of using technically complex acquisition methods to achieve whole-heart spatial coverage, rather than conventional 3-slice acquisition. An adequately powered comparative study is difficult to achieve given the requirement for two separate stress CMR studies in each patient. The aim of this work is to draw relevant conclusions from SPECT MPI by comparing whole-heart versus simulated 3-slice coverage in a large existing dataset. SPECT data from 651 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent invasive angiography were analyzed. A computational approach was designed to model 3-slice MPI by retrospective subsampling of whole- heart data. For both whole-heart and 3-slice approaches, the diagnostic performance and the stress total perfusion deficit (TPD) score-a measure of ischemia extent/severity-were quantified and compared. Diagnostic accuracy for the 3-slice and whole-heart approaches were similar (area under the curve: 0.843 vs. 0.855, respectively; P = 0.07). The majority (54%) of cases missed by 3-slice imaging had primarily apical ischemia. Whole-heart and 3-slice TPD scores were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.001) but 3-slice TPD showed a small yet significant bias compared to whole-heart TPD (- 1.19%; P < 0.0001) and the 95% limits of agreement were relatively wide (- 6.65% to 4.27%). Incomplete ventricular coverage typically acquired in 3-slice CMR MPI does not significantly affect the diagnostic accuracy. However, 3-slice MPI may fail to detect severe apical ischemia and underestimate the extent/severity of perfusion defects. Our results suggest that caution is required when comparing the ischemic burden between 3-slice and whole-heart datasets, and corroborate the need to establish prognostic thresholds specific to each approach
The Transport Problems of Inner City Firms: An Approach to Solutions.
The paper arises from a recent investigation into the extent to which transport problems affect manufacturing firms and their employees. It summarises the conclusions of that study and notes their implications for the selection and assessment of transport policies designed to assist industry.
One of the conclusions is that most problems are local or site- specific; this suggests that local and probably low cost solutions developed by local authorities or by firms themselves may well be more appropriate than programmes of major investment. However, another conclusion is that firms are generally inadequately aware of the effects of their transport problems and the costs to which they give rise; this suggests that the justification even for low cost solutions may not be being made sufficiently apparent to local authorities. These conclusions indicate the need for a more careful assessment of the effects of both high and low cost transport policies on industry.
The paper outlines the way in which an analysis of firms' transport problems may be used to develop appropriate solutions and to assess their effects. It discusses some of the problems of such an investigation, using case studies drawn from recent research in Inner London
Lexical Features in Coreference Resolution: To be Used With Caution
Lexical features are a major source of information in state-of-the-art
coreference resolvers. Lexical features implicitly model some of the linguistic
phenomena at a fine granularity level. They are especially useful for
representing the context of mentions. In this paper we investigate a drawback
of using many lexical features in state-of-the-art coreference resolvers. We
show that if coreference resolvers mainly rely on lexical features, they can
hardly generalize to unseen domains. Furthermore, we show that the current
coreference resolution evaluation is clearly flawed by only evaluating on a
specific split of a specific dataset in which there is a notable overlap
between the training, development and test sets.Comment: 6 pages, ACL 201
The impact of face-to-face street fundraising on organizational reputation
Although many stakeholders perceive face-to-face street fundraising as unpleasant, nonprofit managers encourage it as a way to attract donors. To understand the long-term effects of this fundraising method, we used a mixed-methods experimental design to investigate how face-to-face street fundraising affects organizational reputation and stakeholder support intentions in comparison with letter fundraising. The findings reveal that face-to-face street fundraising has a significant negative influence on the stakeholders' perceptions of an organization. Further, qualitative datashow that the negative perception originates primarily from perceived pressure, distrust, and obtrusion, which are triggered by face-to-face street fundraising. Our studythus reveals long-term reputational consequences that nonprofit organizations should consider before deciding on fundraising methods
Malware detection techniques for mobile devices
Mobile devices have become very popular nowadays, due to its portability and
high performance, a mobile device became a must device for persons using
information and communication technologies. In addition to hardware rapid
evolution, mobile applications are also increasing in their complexity and
performance to cover most needs of their users. Both software and hardware
design focused on increasing performance and the working hours of a mobile
device. Different mobile operating systems are being used today with different
platforms and different market shares. Like all information systems, mobile
systems are prone to malware attacks. Due to the personality feature of mobile
devices, malware detection is very important and is a must tool in each device
to protect private data and mitigate attacks. In this paper, analysis of
different malware detection techniques used for mobile operating systems is
provides. The focus of the analysis will be on the to two competing mobile
operating systems - Android and iOS. Finally, an assessment of each technique
and a summary of its advantages and disadvantages is provided. The aim of the
work is to establish a basis for developing a mobile malware detection tool
based on user profiling.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
- …