INFO2009 Coursework 2 - TeamTT

Resources produced for INFO2009 coursework 2 for TeamTT

How does Technology Influence Online Music Access and Use? A Taxonomy of Empirical Studies

Based on the literature, a taxonomy of empirical studies that investigate online music systems is discussed in this paper. The studies presented discuss a number of related issues such as music sharing, security technologies like digital rights management (DRM), and changing business models. Research into online music systems is inherently cross disciplinary, and two main groups (industry/users) are identified to classify the research. The PhD research that this paper is based on has a user focus, however it is important to explore related groups and issues in order to adequately investigate. Therefore the taxonomy presented in this paper is significant as it provides an informative base from which to conduct further empirical studies into online music systems. To put the taxonomy into context, details of a current ethnography of online music systems is discussed

Copyright reform and business model innovation: regulatory propaganda at German music industry conferences

Inspired by new digital technologies, diverse actors in cultural and creative industries propagate conflicting visions of how to adequately innovate – or rather preserve and strictly enforce – copyright-related business models, which has resulted in substantial amounts of regulatory uncertainty. Looking at a decade of regulatory discourse at industry events in the popular music industry in Germany, we investigate how these actors make sense of and strategically shape this uncertainty in the process of industry transformation. Our longitudinal argumentative discourse analysis reveals cycles of regulatory propaganda of two discourse coalitions that do not engage in debate, but aim to find support for competing business models among regulators and the public. Organizing, canceling, and participating in industry events are discursive strategies used effectively to transport their claims by both industry lobbyists and challenging actors, but industry incumbents are failing to use these sites for testing out and introducing new business models. We conclude that regulatory struggles, not least at industry events, mediate between disruptive technologies and business model innovation

Unbundling the supply chain for the international music industry

This thesis analyses the international music industry supply chain. The descriptive background presented entails publishing rights, the vertical integration of the historical music industry, the historical position of the artist, and follows the evolution of the digital technology, distributive production, and peer-to-peer file sharing networks in order to build a prescriptive model which addresses the following three research questions. Given the revolution in technology in the music industry where do the Majors fit? What is the positioning of the artist in the new digital technology? And given the change of position of the Majors and the positioning of the artist what are the descriptive and prescriptive possibilities should the Majors disappear and be replaced by alternative elements in the music industry supply chain? The present study considers the Music Industry as the trade of prerecorded music in any format and assumes responsibility regarding the results presented up to July 2009. This thesis considers the four Majors as being part of the Music Industry rather than an absolute representation of the industry itself. Also this dissertation’s primary concern is the bundling and unbundling of the music industry’s supply chain and not the bundling of products within that supply chain. (Author abstract)Renard, S. (2010). Unbundling the supply chain for the international music industry. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduDoctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)International BusinessSchool of Busines

Kotiverkon tietoliikenneyhteyksien hallinta

Kulutuselektroniikka, matkapuhelin- ja tietotekniikka ovat viime vuosina lähentyneet toisiaan. Perinteisesti näitä tekniikoita vastaavat verkot, päätelaitteet ja sisältö ovat olleet erillisiä. Nykyään Internet-teknologia ja viestinnän digitalisoituminen yhdentää verkkoja. Palveluntarjoajat tuottavat sisältöä kasvavassa määrin digitaalisena. Päätelaitteetkin yhdentyvät. Esimerkiksi kannettavaa tietokonetta voidaan pitää matkapuhelimena tai televisiovastaanottimena, kun se on varustettu tarvittavalla laitteistolla ja ohjelmistolla. Sisältöjen, verkkojen ja päätelaitteiden yhdentyminen on saanut yhä useammat kuluttajat rakentamaan kotiverkkoja. Tutkielman tavoitteena on esitellä ja vertailla markkinoilla olevia laitteita ja ohjelmistoja, joiden avulla voidaan rakentaa toimiva kotiverkko. Kotiverkolla tarkoitetaan tässä tutkielmassa kodin sisäpuolista verkkoa, joka on liitetty toimivasti kodin ulkopuolisiin verkkoihin. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan ensin yleisimpiä lähiverkko- ja lyhyen kantaman verkkotekniikoita, joita käytetään kotiverkkoja rakennettaessa. Tämän jälkeen tarkastellaan joitakin väliohjelmistoratkaisuja, joilla voidaan hallita kotiverkon laitteiden vuorovaikutusta ja turvallisuutta. Lopuksi suunnitellaan konkreettinen kotiverkko. Käyttötilanteiden avulla havainnollistaan verkkotekniikoiden ja väliohjelmiston yhteistoimintaa tietoliikenteen hallinnassa

Digital Rights Management: Towards a Balance between Copyright Rights and Fair Use Exceptions.

There have been several attempts pointing towards DRM schemes that better satisfy Fair Use requirements [1, 2, 3, 4]; this project explores a new approach. Based on the idealistic premise that by mimicking the physical properties that prevented piracy in the pre-MP3 world into a post-MP3 world DRM scheme it should be possible to establish a copyright infringement control paradigm that is acceptable to all; this project establishes a Fair Use friendly DRM Scheme. It has been found that for a DRM scheme to be Fair Use friendly it has to aim to reach the following idealistic characteristics: * The copyright holders should not be able to interfere with usage which a judge would or could rule as fair use. * The Consumers would be able to consume the content easily and spontaneously within interoperable regimes. * The Consumers? privacy rights would be respected, in congruence with the legislation in question. * The Consumers should be able to purchase, replicate and distribute music at a monetary cost. * The Consumers should be able to replicate, distribute and store music at the cost of diminished quality, slow replication and slow distribution. However it has also been found that these characteristics alone are not enough, and therefore the DRM scheme should be implemented within the following conditions: * The DRM scheme should find ways to handle the ambiguity of Fair Use. * The DRM scheme should facilitate ex-post tracking and monitoring rather than ex-ante based decision making. * The DRM scheme should support interoperability and privacy. An example of how these properties can be implemented has been designed

Buyer-seller watermarking protocol in digital cinema

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

3D printing-as-a-service for collaborative engineering

3D printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) are utilised as umbrella terms to denote a variety of technologies to manufacture or create a physical object based on a digital model. Commonly, these technologies create the objects by adding, fusing or melting a raw material in a layer-wise fashion. Apart from the 3D printer itself, no specialised tools are required to create almost any shape or form imaginable and designable. The possibilities of these technologies of these technologies are plentiful and cover the ability to manufacture every object, rapidly, locally and cost-efficiently without wasted resources and material. Objects can be created to specific forms to perform as perfectly fitting functions without consideration of the assembly process. To further the advance the availability and applicability of 3D printing, this thesis identifies the problems that currently exist and attempts to solve them. During the 3D printing process, data (i. e., files) must be converted from their original representation, e. g., CAD file, to the machine instructions for a specific 3D printer. During this process, information is lost, and other information is added. Traceability is lacking in 3D printing. The actual 3D printing can require a long period of time to complete, during which errors can occur. In 3D printing, these errors are often non-recoverable or reversible, which results in wasted material and time. In addition to the lack of closed-loop control systems for 3D printers, careful planning and preparation are required to avoid these costly misprints. 3D printers are usually located remotely from users, due to health and safety considerations, special placement requirements or out of comfort. Remotely placed equipment is impractical to monitor in person; however, such monitoring is essential. Especially considering the proneness of 3D printing to errors and the implications of this as described previously. Utilisation of 3D printers is an issue, especially with expensive 3D printers. As there are a number of differing 3D printing technologies available, having the required 3D printer, might be problematic. 3D printers are equipped with a variety of interfaces, depending on the make and model. These differing interfaces, both hard- and software, hinder the integration of different 3D printers into consistent systems. There exists no proper and complete ontology or resource description schema or mechanism that covers all the different 3D printing technologies. Such a resource description mechanism is essential for the automated scheduling in services or systems. In 3D printing services the selection and matching of appropriate and suitable 3D printers is essential, as not all 3D printing technologies are able to perform on all materials or are able to create certain object features, such as thin walls or hollow forms. The need for companies to sell digital models for AM will increase in scenarios where replacement or customised parts are 3D printed by consumers at home or in local manufacturing centres. Furthermore, requirements to safeguard these digital models will increase to avoid a repetition of the problems from the music industry, e. g., Napster. Replication and ‘theft’ of these models are uncontrollable in the current situation. In a service oriented deployment, or in scenarios where the utilisation is high, estimations of the 3D printing time are required to be available. Common 3D printing time estimations are inaccurate, which hinder the application of scheduling. The complete and comprehensive understanding of the complexity of an object is discordant, especially in the domain of AM. This understanding is required to both support the design of objects for AM and match appropriate manufacturing resources to certain objects. Quality in AM and FDM have been incompletely researched. The quality in general is increased with maturity of the technology; however, research on the quality achievable with consumer-grade 3D printers is lacking. Furthermore, cost-sensitive measurement methods for quality assessment are expandable. This thesis presents the structured design and implementation of a 3D printing service with associated contributions that provide solutions to particular problems present in the AM domain. The 3D printing service is the overarching component of this thesis and provides the platform for the other contributions with the intention to establish an online, cloud-based 3D printing service for use in end-user and professional settings with a focus on collaboration and cooperation